scholarly journals Community Sporobolus Cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray in the Northern Part of Volga-Akhtuba Floodplain

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Mikhail Maltsev ◽  
Vadim Sagalaev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Steppe Communities ◽  
Sporobolus Cryptandrus

On the territory of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, plant communities including Sporobolus cryptandrus are found. This is an adventitious species from North America that came to Europe in the early 20th century. In Russia, Sporobolus cryptandrus was first discovered in 1998 on the territory of the Volgograd region. Currently, Sporobolus cryptandrus is actively distributed throughout the Volgograd regions. Probably, Sporobolus cryptandrus was introduced together with imported grain and mixed fodders. This species was originally built into the plant communities of sandy steppes. In this paper, we describe the S. cryptandrus communities that we found in the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. The descriptions were carried out at two sites in the northern part of the floodplain. Geobotanical sites are located on the nearbed sand banks along the river bed. Akhtuba. Completed 19 geobotanical descriptions. All descriptions were accumulated in an electronic database based on the TURBOVEG program. Communities of Sporobolus cryptandrus are characterized by poor floristic composition, low overall projective cover. Habitats of communities are subject to short-term flooding in the spring-summer period, as well as cattle grazing. In communities dominated: Sporobolus cryptandrus, Secale sylvestre, Artemisia marschalliana. We assume that these phytocenoses can be classified as cl. Artemisietea tchernievianae Golub 1994. Sporobolus cryptandrus has shown itself as an agriophyte and a transformer species that can completely replace the dominant cereal species in sand steppe communities or be introduced to pioneer communities at an early stage of overgrowth. Settling of this adventive species can lead to the loss of the natural appearance of the vegetation of sandy substrates. Propagation processes need further observation and analysis.

Reed (Phragmites australis agg.) dominated plant communities in the Lower Volga Valley

2015 ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
V. B. Golub ◽  
V. V. Bondareva ◽  
A. N. Sorokin ◽  
L. F. Nikolaychuk
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Lower Volga

Plant communities with reed domination (Phragmites australis agg.) occupy the large areas in the Lower Volga Valley and especially in the river delta. We have set the task to reveal the diversity of these communities in the Lower Volga Valley. For this purpose, we applied the database that is registered in the Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD) under the EU-RU–002 index (http://www.givd.info/) and includes 14871 relevés made during the period from 1924 to 2013. Communities with the dominance of reed were defined as such, if the coverage of this plant was more than 50 %. We have found 375 such relevés in the database. At first, one basal community, 3 associations and 3 subassociations with domination of Phragmites australis agg. were distinguished in the Lower Volga Valley. All processing and analysis of relevés were performed using the software package JUICE 7.0. (Tichý, 2002). The «Cocktail» method was applied to establish the sociological groups that indicate environmental conditions (Bruelheide, 2000). The expert system for selection from the database of relevés by means of these groups was created. It is allowed us to ascribe relevés to earlier distinguished associations, subassociations and basal community. 171 relevés have been identified by the expert system and they were assigned to association, subassociation or the basal community. 204 relevés were not referred to any association, subassociation or the basal community. We wanted to answer the question: are there among these 204 relevés, which could be interpreted as the new syntaxa, giving them the proper ecological characteristics? For this purpose, the cluster analysis of 204 relevés has been carried out. The optimal level of clustering was determined by calculating the index of “crispness of classification” (Botta-Dukát et al., 2005). The greatest “crispness of classification” was reached at allocation of 13 clusters. Consideration of the floristic composition of allocated groups had shown that 11 of them were the transitional plant communities among the earlier established syntaxa. Only two clusters were differed in rather original structure that we could explain by the influence of environment factors. We have identified them as new associations Rubio tataricae-Phragmitetum australis and Cynancho acuti-Phragmitetum australis. All associations with the dominance of Phragmites australis agg. distinguished in the Lower Volga Valley were included in the alliance Phragmition communis Koch 1926, order Phragmitetalia communis Koch 1926. In literary sources from the ecological point of view these syntaxa are defined as the wetland communities, which are closely linked to water bodies (Šumberová et al., 2011; Ermakov, 2012). However, in many cases this definition does not correspond to the ecology of plant communities with the dominance of reed in the lower reaches of the Volga River. Ecotops of these communities are flooded for up to 2–3 months in a year and then they dry out. In the autumn, the ground water level can drop to a depth of one meter (Golub et al., 2011). The plant satellites of the reed here are often mesophytic plants such as Rubus caesius, Calamagrostis epigeios, Phalaris arundinacea, Rubia tatarica, Althaea officinalis, and Rumex stenophyllus. Therefore, the inclusion of phytocoenosises with domination of the reed in the lower reaches of the Volga River in the alliance Phragmition communis is rather relative. A correct placement of these plant communities in the system of vegetation syntaxa of the arid areas can be made only if it is based on original data obtained from much bigger territory than the Lower Volga Valley. In future geobotanical studies, it is desirable to divide the aggregation of Phragmites australis agg. into smaller species taxa.

Geobotanical studies at the Caucasus: a review of materials of the International Conference “Flora and conservation in the Caucasus: history and current state of knowledge” (Pyatigorsk, May 22–25, 2019)

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
T. M. Lysenko ◽  
V. Yu. Neshatayeva ◽  
Z. V. Dutova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Current State

The International conference “Flora and conservation in the Caucasus: history and current state of knowledge” dedicated to the 130-year anniversary of the Perkalsky Arboretum took place at 22–25 of May 2019 in Pyatigorsk (Stavropol Territory) on the base of the Pyatigorsk Museum of local lore and natural history. The participants were from 11 cities of Russia and 7 Republics of the Caucasus and represented 14 institutions. Proceedings of the conference were published by the beginning of the meeting the book of abstracts includes 49 papers on the study of vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and fungi, plant communities, as well as the protection of rare and endangered species, unique plant communities, and ecological problems in the Caucasus. The following geobotanical topics were highlighted in 13 papers: forest communities (3 reports), meadow and steppe vegetation (2), xeric open forests (2), communities of ecotone areas (1), structure of populations of rare plant species (3), as well as the history and current status of nature protected areas (2). The great emphasis has been focused on the study of floristic composition and plant populations. Thus, the conference showed that very few studies от vegetation are currently carried out in the Caucasus, and a lot of districts are not affected by the research. The greatest attention is paid to forest vegetation while meadow, steppe, alpine heath and xerophytic communities are studied rather poorly. Besides, there are “white spots” — mire, floodplain and aquatic vegetation. In nowadays, when the anthropogenic impact on the plant cover of the Caucasus is intensively increasing, it is especially important to study natural undisturbed communities preserved in protected natural areas. Another important issue is the conservation of the unique vegetation cover of the whole Caucasus. Thus, the study of vegetation of this region opens a wide field for researchers using various methods of modern plant science.

scholarly journals Early Confirmation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection by Two Short-Term Serologic IgM Examination

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Ha Eun Jeon ◽  
Hyun Mi Kang ◽  
Eun Ae Yang ◽  
Hye Young Han ◽  
Seung Beom Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serologic Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Patient Selection Bias ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection

The aim of the present study is to re-evaluate the clinical application of two-times serologic immunoglobulin M (IgM) tests using microparticle agglutination assay (MAA), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in diagnosing Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection. A retrospective analysis of 62 children with MP pneumonia during a recent epidemic (2019–2020) was conducted. The MAA and ELISA immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG measurements were conducted twice at admission and around discharge, and MP PCR once at presentation. Diagnostic rates in each test were calculated at presentation and at discharge. The seroconverters were 39% (24/62) of patients tested by MAA and 29% (18/62) by ELISA. At presentation, the diagnostic positive rates of MAA, ELISA, and PCR tests were 61%, 71%, and 52%, respectively. After the second examination, the rates were 100% in both serologic tests. There were positive correlations between the titers of MAA and the IgM values of ELISA. The single serologic IgM or PCR tests had limitations to select patients infected with MP in the early stage. The short-term, paired IgM serologic tests during hospitalization can reduce patient-selection bias in MP infection studies.

scholarly journals An Efficient Prediction Model for Water Discharge in Schoharie Creek, NY

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina G. Tsakiri ◽  
Antonios E. Marsellos ◽  
Igor G. Zurbenko
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Efficient Prediction ◽  
Climatic Time Series

Flooding normally occurs during periods of excessive precipitation or thawing in the winter period (ice jam). Flooding is typically accompanied by an increase in river discharge. This paper presents a statistical model for the prediction and explanation of the water discharge time series using an example from the Schoharie Creek, New York (one of the principal tributaries of the Mohawk River). It is developed with a view to wider application in similar water basins. In this study a statistical methodology for the decomposition of the time series is used. The Kolmogorov-Zurbenko filter is used for the decomposition of the hydrological and climatic time series into the seasonal and the long and the short term component. We analyze the time series of the water discharge by using a summer and a winter model. The explanation of the water discharge has been improved up to 81%. The results show that as water discharge increases in the long term then the water table replenishes, and in the seasonal term it depletes. In the short term, the groundwater drops during the winter period, and it rises during the summer period. This methodology can be applied for the prediction of the water discharge at multiple sites.

scholarly journals Short-Term High Fat Intake Does Not Significantly Alter Markers of Renal Function or Inflammation in Young Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Crinigan ◽  
Matthew Calhoun ◽  
Karen L. Sweazea
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Mass ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Impact

Chronic high fat feeding is correlated with diabetes and kidney disease. However, the impact of short-term high fat diets (HFD) is not well-understood. Six weeks of HFD result in indices of metabolic syndrome (increased adiposity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperleptinemia, and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation) compared to rats fed on standard chow. The hypothesis was that short-term HFD would induce early signs of renal disease. Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either HFD (60% fat) or standard chow (5% fat) for six weeks. Morphology was determined by measuring changes in renal mass and microstructure. Kidney function was measured by analyzing urinary protein, creatinine, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations, as well as plasma cystatin C concentrations. Renal damage was measured through assessment of urinary oxDNA/RNA concentrations as well as renal lipid peroxidation, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Despite HFD significantly increasing adiposity and renal mass, there was no evidence of early stage kidney disease as measured by changes in urinary and plasma biomarkers as well as histology. These findings suggest that moderate hyperglycemia and inflammation produced by short-term HFD are not sufficient to damage kidneys or that the ketogenic HFD may have protective effects within the kidneys.

Difficulties in diagnosing atypical variants of Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
A. A. Tappakhov ◽  
T. Ya. Nikolaeva ◽  
T. E. Popova ◽  
N. A. Shnayder
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Posterior Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Short Term

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the population. Late onset AD has a classic clinical picture with short-term memory deficit, apraxia and agnosia. Patients with early-onset AD may have an atypical clinical picture which complicates diagnosis. Atypical AD variants include the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia, posterior cortical atrophy, behavioral, biparietal, and cortico-basal variants. These variants have pathomorphological signs similar to classical AD, but at an early stage they are characterized by focal atrophy which explains their clinical polymorphism. This article provides a review of the current literature on atypical types of AD and presents a clinical case of a 62-year-old patient in whom the disease debuted with prosopagnosia due to focal atrophy of the temporo-occipital regions of the non-dominant hemisphere.

scholarly journals Vegetation of the Witbank Nature Reserve and its importance for conservation of threatened Rocky Highveld Grassland

Koedoe ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Smit ◽  
G.J. Bredenkamp ◽  
N. Van Rooyen ◽  
A.E. Van Wyk ◽  
J.M. Combrinck
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Moisture Gradient ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Soil Moisture Gradient ◽  
Great Escarpment

A vegetation survey of the Witbank Nature Reserve, comprising 847 hectares, was conducted. Phytosociological data were used to identify plant communities, as well as to determine alpha and beta diversities. Eleven plant communities were recognised, two of these are subdivided into sub- communities, resulting in 14 vegetation units. These communities represent four main vegetation types, namely grassland, woodland, wetland and disturbed vegetation. Grassland communities have the highest plant diversity and wetland vegetation the lowest. Floristic composition indicates that the vegetation of the Rocky Highveld Grassland has affinities to the grassland and savanna biomes and also to the Afromontane vegetation of the Great Escarpment. An ordination scatter diagram shows the distribution of the 14 plant communities or sub-communities along a soil moisture gradient, as well as along a soil depth/surface rock gradient. The sequence of communities along the soil moisture gradient is used for calculating beta-diversity indices. It is concluded that the relatively small size of the Witbank Nature Reserve is unlikely to have significant negative effects on the phytodiversity of the various plant communities. This nature reserve is therefore of considerable importance in conserving a representative sample of the Rocky Highveld Grassland.

Syzygium cumini seed extract ameliorates adenosine deaminase activity and biochemical parameters but does not alter insulin sensitivity and pancreas architecture in a short-term model of diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Eliete Rodrigues Bitencourt ◽  
Karine Santos De Bona ◽  
Lariane Oliveira Cargnelutti ◽  
Gabriela Bonfanti ◽  
Aline Pigatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Term Model ◽  
Adenosine Deaminase Activity

Abstract: The effects of the aqueous seed extract of: ASc (100 mg/kg) was administered for 21 days in control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (60 mg/kg) diabetic rats. ADA activity, lipoperoxidation (cerebral cortex, kidney, liver and pancreas) and biochemical (serum) and histopathological (pancreas) parameters were evaluated.: The main findings in this short-term model of Diabetes mellitus (DM) were that the ASc (i) significantly reverted the increase of ADA activity in serum and kidney; (ii) ameliorated the lipoperoxidation in the cerebral cortex and pancreas of the diabetic group; (iii) demonstrated hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic properties and recovered the liver glycogen; and iv) prevented the HOMA-IR index increase in the diabetic group. Therefore, the ASc can be a positive factor for increasing the availability of substrates with significant protective actions, such as adenosine. Moreover, by maintaining glycogen and HOMA-IR levels, the extract could modulate the hyperglycemic state through the direct peripheral glucose uptake.: Our data revealed that the short-term treatment with ASc has an important protective role under pathophysiological conditions caused by the early stage of DM. These results enhance our understanding of the effect of the ASc on the purinergic system in DM.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document