scholarly journals Continuity and Change in the Presidential Money Primary

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 319-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall E. Adkins ◽  
Andrew J. Dowdle
Keyword(s):  
Great Degree ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Campaign Finance ◽  
Ols Regression ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
National Poll ◽  
Candidate Performance ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

From 1980 to 2000 the candidate that raised the most campaign funds before the start of the primary season tended to win the party nomination. Adkins and Dowdle (2002) found that the positive effect of candidate performance (as measured by national poll results, change in candidate viability, and length of candidacy) and campaign organization (as measured by the amount of money the candidate’s campaign spent on fundraising, size of the candidate’s electoral constituency, and whether the candidate self-financed his campaign) explained much of the variation in fundraising in the months before the Iowa caucuses that make up the money primary. In this research two OLS regression models were generated to examine whether developments such as frontloading and campaign finance reforms, which occurred prior to the 2004 nomination cycle, demonstrated change or continuity in presidential money primary. Overall, the results suggest a great degree of similarity, even though candidates may now be running harder to raise more money in a shorter period of time.

scholarly journals Zero-inflated-censored Weibull and gamma regression models to estimate wild boar population dispersal distance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo de Freitas Costa ◽  
Silvana Schneider ◽  
Giulia Bagatini Carlotto ◽  
Tainá Cabalheiro ◽  
Mauro Ribeiro de Oliveira Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Gamma Distributions ◽  
Excess Of Zeros ◽  
Censored Observations ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe dynamics of the wild boar population has become a pressing issue not only for ecological purposes, but also for agricultural and livestock production. The data related to the wild boar dispersal distance can have a complex structure, including excess of zeros and right-censored observations, thus being challenging for modeling. In this sense, we propose two different zero-inflated-right-censored regression models, assuming Weibull and gamma distributions. First, we present the construction of the likelihood function, and then, we apply both models to simulated datasets, demonstrating that both regression models behave well. The simulation results point to the consistency and asymptotic unbiasedness of the developed methods. Afterwards, we adjusted both models to a simulated dataset of wild boar dispersal, including excess of zeros, right-censored observations, and two covariates: age and sex. We showed that the models were useful to extract inferences about the wild boar dispersal, correctly describing the data mimicking a situation where males disperse more than females, and age has a positive effect on the dispersal of the wild boars. These results are useful to overcome some limitations regarding inferences in zero-inflated-right-censored datasets, especially concerning the wild boar’s population. Users will be provided with an R function to run the proposed models.

scholarly journals How price moderates assessments of coffee quality across profiles of gender and experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
D. Priilaid ◽  
B. Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Ols Regression ◽  
Price Effects ◽  
Experienced Male ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experienced Female ◽  
Method Show ◽  
Overlapping Bands

Proceeding from studies that identify the extrinsic price cue as a mediator between a product’s perceived and intrinsic merit, we report on a blind-versus-sighted coffee tasting experiment conducted to determine the impact of the price-cue across coffee-user categories of gender and relative experience. Seven instant coffees were tasted by 100 subjects producing 700 paired blind and sighted tastings. Aggregating the data, OLS regression models were run to estimate price-effects across discrete and overlapping bands of gender and self-confessed expertise (non-expert and expert). Our analysis reveals the extent to which price-effects demean a coffee’s intrinsic merit during sighted tastings, with experienced male coffee drinkers most especially susceptible to price persuasion, and less experienced female drinkers the least. Thus our paper introduces a cheap and affective means of testing for such cue-effects. Neuromarketing styles of testing are usually cumbersome, expensive and difficult to scale. The method show-cased here offers a meaningful alternative. These findings uphold the view that the price cue remains a critical tool in the marketing of coffee; most notably because of its potential cost-free contribution to the ramping of experienced pleasure without any augmentation of quality. Further implications are explored.

scholarly journals Are Entrepreneurs More Likely to Be Obese?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibing Wang ◽  
Xueling Qu ◽  
Haitao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Mcmc Method ◽  
Bayesian Mcmc ◽  
Ols Regression ◽  
National Health Care

Background: Entrepreneurs not only promote a nation’s economic growth but also increase employment. The risk of obesity among entrepreneurs may bring heavy economic burdens not only to the entrepreneurs but also to the national health care system. We aimed to examine the association between entrepreneurship and the risk of obesity. Methods: We utilized data from the 2015 Harmonized China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey, including 2,802 individuals aged between 45 and 65 with complete data. This study used BMI (Body Mass Index) (kg/m2 ) as an indicator of obesity risk. Entrepreneurs were defined as those respondents who run their own businesses as main jobs. We used multivariate OLS regression models and Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to examine the link of entrepreneurship and obesity risk. Results: The multivariate OLS regression results showed that entrepreneurship was positively associated with BMI (P<0.01). The Bayesian MCMC results indicated that the posterior mean was (0.597, 90% HPD CI: 0.319, 0.897), demonstrating that entrepreneurship was indeed significantly positively associated with the risk of obesity. Conclusion: Being an entrepreneur is positively associated with the risk of obesity. As obesity can cause diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease and stroke, the health departments should take necessary health interventions to prevent entrepreneurs from being obese in order to increase their entrepreneurial success.

scholarly journals Effects of inbreeding on number of piglets born total, born alive and weaned in Austrian Large White and Landrace pigs

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Köck ◽  
B. Fürst-Waltl ◽  
R. Baumung
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Large White ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract. In this study records of 58 925 litters of Austrian Large White and 17 846 litters of Austrian Landrace pigs were analysed. Regression models were used to determine the effects of litter, dam and sire inbreeding on total number of born, born alive and weaned piglets in Large White and Landrace. In both populations, litter and dam inbreeding showed a negative effect on all traits. Sire inbreeding had no effect in Large White, whereas a significant positive effect was observed in Landrace. On average, inbred sires with an inbreeding coefficient of 10 % had 0.45 more piglets born total and 0.43 more piglets born alive in comparison to non-inbred sires. In a further analysis the total inbreeding coefficients of the animals were divided into two parts: »new« and »old« inbreeding. »New« inbreeding was defined as the period of the first five generations. It was shown that the observed inbreeding effects were not only caused by recent inbreeding. Reproductive performance was also affected by »old« inbreeding. Finally partial inbreeding coefficients of four important ancestors in each population were calculated to investigate if inbreeding effects are similar among these ancestors. The results revealed a varation of inbreeding effects among the four ancestors. Alleles contibuting to inbreeding depression were descendent from specific ancestors.

scholarly journals Research on Color Space Perceptions and Restorative Effects of Blue Space Based on Color Psychology: Examination of the Yijie District of Dujiangyan City as an Example

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3137
Author(s):  
Jiangjun Wan ◽  
Yawen Zhou ◽  
Yuxin Li ◽  
Yi Su ◽  
Ying Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The People ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Color Psychology ◽  
Positive Effect

An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that blue space can promote the recovery of the human body, as does green space. However, the influence of blue space on the color space has been studied much less. Based on research on color psychology and healthy cities, the current study takes Yijie District of Dujiangyan City as the research object. Logistic regression models and the semantic differential method was used to explore residents’ perceptions of color space and their restorative ratings of blue space. This study describes the characteristics of the people visiting blue space, investigates whether the benefits brought about by blue space are related to the color space, and studies whether the surrounding colors in the blue space have a positive effect in promoting residents’ perceptions of pleasure. Based on residents’ choices of environmental pictures containing various colors, a color tendency map was constructed. The results revealed strong correlations between residents’ perceived pleasure and color space color collocation. Socio-demographic factors were found to affect the frequency of visiting blue space. Reasonable color planning is necessary for human health. Based on the study findings, relevant planning suggestions are proposed as a reference basis for waterfront space color planning.

Reconciling temporal conflicts in innovation ambidexterity: the role of TMT temporal leadership

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1899-1920
Author(s):  
Jiawen Chen ◽  
Linlin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to extend the temporal perspective on ambidexterity by investigating how and under what conditions top management team (TMT) temporal leadership improves innovation ambidexterity. Design/methodology/approach Using a questionnaire survey, data were collected from 165 small- and medium-sized enterprises in China. Ordinary least squares regression models were applied to test the hypotheses. Findings The findings show that TMT temporal leadership has a positive effect on innovation ambidexterity and temporal conflict mediates this relationship. Market dynamism and institutional support moderate the indirect effect of TMT temporal leadership on innovation ambidexterity. Practical implications Managers wishing to promote exploration and exploitation simultaneously should pay attention to the temporal aspects of their innovation strategy and improve their temporal leadership activities. Originality/value This study highlights the temporal conflicts in ambidexterity and clarifies the enabling role of TMT temporal leadership. It contributes new insights to the research on organizational ambidexterity and strategic leadership.

Episodic Memory in Later Life: Benefits of Prayer and Meditation

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Nirmala Lekhak ◽  
Tirth R. Bhatta ◽  
Jaclene A. Zauszniewski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Over Time

Purpose: To examine the effects of prayer and meditation on the episodic memory of older adults. Design: Secondary analysis of Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Method: Drawing from a subsample of HRS ( n = 1,135), this study utilized generalized estimating equation regression models to examine the effects of meditation and prayer on changes in episodic memory of older adults over time. Findings: Findings show a statistically significant positive effect of the use of prayer (0.50, p < .05) on episodic memory score at baseline. We also observed a slight gain in episodic memory over time for older adults who used prayer (0.04, p = .05). Meditation was not found to have a statistically significant effect on changes in memory in later life. Conclusion: This study illustrates the benefits of prayer in preserving memory and provides much needed empirical basis for community-level interventions to enhance memory in later life.

The acoustic character of fricated /t/ in Australian English: A comparison with /s/ and /ʃ/

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Jones ◽  
Kirsty McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Great Degree ◽  
Spectral Measures ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Orthographic Representation ◽  
Australian English ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Australian English /t/ has a fricative realisation in some contexts. The presence of an additional surface fricative in the language raises questions about potential merger and the maintenance of contrasts. An orthographic representation of fricated /t/ as 〈sh〉 suggests a similarity to the existing fricative /ʃ/. This paper compares the acoustic characteristics of fricated realisations of /t/ in Australian English with those of /ʃ/ and /s/, the fricatives judged most likely to be acoustically similar. The findings suggest a great degree of similarity to /ʃ/ in terms of spectral measures, with duration being the most likely perceptual means of distinguishing fricated /t/ from /ʃ/.

The Effects of Campaign Spending in Congressional Elections

1978 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary C. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Campaign Finance ◽  
Congressional Elections ◽  
Campaign Spending ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
Finance Policy ◽  
Campaign Expenditures

Incomplete understanding of the connection between campaign spending and election outcomes has hindered evaluation of enacted and proposed congressional campaign finance reforms. Reanalysis of the 1972 and 1974 House and Senate campaign spending data using both OLS and 2SLS regression models shows that spending by challengers has a much greater impact on the outcome than does spending by incumbents. A similar analysis of the effects of spending on voters' recall of candidates in the 1972 and 1974 SRC surveys supports the explanation that campaign expenditures buy nonincumbents the necessary voter recognition already enjoyed by incumbents prior to the campaign. The 1974 survey questions on Senate candidates indicate that, although the inability to remember candidates' names does not preclude having opinions about them, voters recalling candidates are much more likely to offer evaluative comments, and these more frequently refer to candidates personally. Aware voters offer more negative as well as positive evaluations (though positive outnumber negative); familiarity is not automatically advantageous. And voters' evaluations of candidates strongly influence how they vote. The implications of these findings for congressional campaign finance policy are readily apparent.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document