scholarly journals MODELAGEM DA REDUÇÃO DE VAZÃO EM PARCELAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO DEVIDO AO INCREMENTO DA PERDA DE CARGA DO SISTEMA DE FILTRAGEM

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Marinaldo Ferreira Pinto ◽  
Dinara Grasiela Alves ◽  
Ezequiel Saretta ◽  
Tarlei Arriel Botrel

MODELAGEM DA REDUÇÃO DE VAZÃO EM PARCELAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO DEVIDO AO INCREMENTO DA PERDA DE CARGA DO SISTEMA DE FILTRAGEM  MARINALDO FERREIRA PINTO1; DINARA GRASIELA ALVES1; EZEQUIEL SARETTA2 E TARLEI ARRIEL BOTREL3 1Departamento de Engenharia, Instituto de Tecnologia, UFRRJ, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Acadêmica do Campus Cachoeira do Sul da UFSM, CEP 96506-322, Cachoeira do Sul, RS. E-mail: [email protected] de Engenharia de Biossistemas, ESALQ/USP, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected]  1      RESUMO A perda de carga nos filtros pode alterar a altura manométrica total de um sistema de bombeamento e consequentemente a pressão na entrada das parcelas de irrigação, podendo comprometer a uniformidade de aplicação e lâmina de irrigação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo para simulação do efeito do incremento da perda de carga no sistema de filtragem na vazão de uma parcela de irrigação. Foram consideradas duas situações: a) o sistema de bombeamento apresenta um dispositivo para regulação da altura manométrica total; e b) o sistema de bombeamento não dispõe de tal recurso. Analisou-se diferentes valores de expoente de vazão dos emissores, diâmetros e/ou comprimentos de adutoras, pressão de trabalho e incremento da perda de carga no sistema de filtragem. Foram considerados uma motobomba com vazão nominal de 10 m3 h-1 e um sistema de filtragem com vazão nominal de 2 m3 h-1. A partir das simulações foi possível se determinar o limite de incremento da perda de carga que proporciona uma redução de vazão máxima admitida para cada cenário avaliado. Esses valores foram comparados com a perda de carga máxima admitida, sendo adotado o menor valor de perda de carga, entre esses dois critérios. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: modelo hidráulico; simulação; microirrigação PINTO, M. F.; ALVES, D. G.; SARETTA, E.; BOTREL, T. A.AN APPROACH FOR FLOW REDUCTION OF IRRIGATION BLOCKS DUE TO INCREASING HEAD LOSS OF THE FILTERING SYSTEM  2      ABSTRACT The head loss in filters can change the total head of the pump system and consequently the pressure on the irrigation block inlet. It may compromise the uniformity of application and the irrigation depth. The aim of this study was to develop a model to simulate the effect of head loss increasing of filtering system on the flow of an irrigation block. It considered two situations: a) pumping system with a device for regulating the total head; and, b) pumping without system for regulating the total head. We analyzed different values of exponent flow emitters, diameters and/or lengths of main line, pressure and head loss increasing in the filtering system. It considered a pump with nominal flow rate of 10 m3 h-1 and a filtering system with nominal flow rate of 2 m3 h-1. From the simulations, it was possible to determine the limit of head loss increasing that provides a range of maximum flow allowed for each scenario. These values were compared with the maximum permissible head loss, and adopted the lower value of head loss, between these two criteria. Keywords: hydraulics model; simulation; microirrigation 

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-703
Author(s):  
Fernanda Oliveira Silva ◽  
João Batista Tolentino Júnior

OTIMIZAÇÃO DO DIMENSIONAMENTO HIDRÁULICO DE UMA SUBUNIDADE DE IRRIGAÇÃO LOCALIZADA     FERNANDA OLIVEIRA DA SILVA1 E JOÃO BATISTA TOLENTINO JÚNIOR2   [1] Aluna de Pós-Graduação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecossistemas Agrícolas e Naturais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rodovia Ulysses Gaboardi, Km 3, Caixa postal 101, CEP 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Professor Adjunto, Departamento de Agricultura, Biodiversidade e Florestas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rodovia Ulysses Gaboardi, Km 3, Caixa postal 101, CEP 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   O dimensionamento do sistema de irrigação é limitado pela uniformidade, e consequentemente, pela perda de carga e topografia da área. Uma das principais tarefas do dimensionamento hidráulico de um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento é determinar as características geométricas de diâmetro da tubulação, a pressão no sistema e a uniformidade em fase de projeto. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se o método do backstep para determinar a vazão, perda de carga e pressão no sistema. O modelo foi desenvolvido para atender condições sem declividade, em aclive e em declive. Aplicou-se o método da bisseção para otimizar o dimensionamento hidráulico para uma única linha lateral ou para uma subunidade de irrigação por gotejamento. Determinou-se o diâmetro interno da linha lateral e de derivação para atender a uma uniformidade de distribuição de água acima de 90%. Definiu-se a pressão no final da linha lateral e de derivação para atender a condição de vazão média requerida nos emissores. Com o avanço da tecnologia, consegue-se implementar em linguagem computacional equações complexas e chegar a um ótimo dimensionamento hidráulico. As equações foram implementadas em linguagem R, no formato de função, e mostraram ser uma ferramenta rápida e simples para o dimensionamento hidráulico de sistemas de irrigação.   Palavras-chave: backstep, bisseção, modelagem hidráulica.       SILVA, F. O. E TOLENTINO JÚNIOR, J. B. OPTIMIZATION OF HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF A MICROIRRIGATION SYSTEM     2 ABSTRACT   The design of the irrigation system is limited by the uniformity and, consequently, by the head loss and topography of the area.  One of the main tasks of the hydraulic design of a microirrigation system is to determine the geometric characteristics of pipe diameter, the pressure in the system and uniformity in the design phase.  In this work, the backstep method was used to determine the flow rate, head loss and pressure in the system. The model was developed to meet conditions without slope, uphill and downhill. The bisection method was used to optimize the hydraulic design for a single lateral line or to a microirrigation subunit. The inner diameter of the lateral line and the manifold was determined to meet a water distribution uniformity over 90%. The pressure was defined at the end of the lateral line and manifold to meet the mean flow rate condition required in the emitters. With the advancement of technology, it is possible to implement computational language complex equations and reach a great hydraulic design. The equations were implemented in the R language, in function format, and proved to be a fast and simple tool for the system hydraulic dimensioning of irrigation.    Keywords: backstep, dissection, hydraulic modeling.


Irriga ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
EUGENIO PACELI MIRANDA ◽  
TATIANA BELO DE SOUSA CUSTODIO ◽  
FRANCISCO UCHOA de LIMA ◽  
TAIANE ALMEIDA Pereira ◽  
ANDRE LUIZ RIBEIRO BICUDO

AJUSTE DA EQUAÇÃO DE HAZEN-WILLIANS PARA DETERMINAÇÃO DA PERDA DE CARGA CONTÍNUA EM TUBULAÇÕES DE PVC     EUGENIO PACELI MIRANDA1; TATIANA BELO DE SOUSA CUSTODIO2; FRANCISCO UCHOA DE LIMA3; TAIANE ALMENDA PEREIRA4 E ANDRE LUIZ RIBEIRO BICUDO5   1Professor, Doutor IFCE, Campus Iguatu/CE, Rua Plácido Almino Uchoa, 60, Iguatu/Ceará. CEP: 63.500-000, Brasil, email:[email protected]; 2 Tecnólogo em Irrigação e Drenagem, IFCE, Campus Iguatu, Rodovia Iguatu-Várzea Alegre km 05, CEP: 63.500-000, Brasil, email: [email protected]; 3Graduando em Tecnologia em Irrigação e Drenagem, IFCE, Campus Iguatu, Rodovia Iguatu-Várzea Alegre km 05, CEP: 63.500-000, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected]; 4Graduandos em Tecnologia em Irrigação e Drenagem, IFCE, Campus Iguatu, Rodovia Iguatu-Várzea Alegre km 05, CEP: 63.500-000, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected]; 5 Prof. do Colégio Técnico Industrial "Prof. Isaac Portal Roldan", Unesp, Campus Bauru. Av. Eng. Luis Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, CEP: 17.033-360, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   A perda de carga é um parâmetro fundamental para o dimensionamento das tubulações, estando diretamente relacionada ao custo dessas tubulações, a seleção do sistema de bombeamento e o custo com o consumo de energia elétrica. Nesse estudo ajustou-se a equação de Hazen-Willians e comparou com a equação de Darcy-Weisbach. O desempenho da equação ajustada foi determinada pelo índice de concordância (c), Erro Padrão Estatístico (EPE) e o Erro Absoluto Médio (EAM). Os resultados mostram que todos os índices usados para verificar o desempenho da equação de Hazen-Willians ajustada melhoraram. A maior diferença entre os valores da perda de carga contínua entre o método de Darcy-Weisbach e a equação de Hazen-Willians ajustada ficou em torno de 0,08%, valor que pode ser considerado extremamente baixo.   Palavras-chave: Perda de carga, Darcy- Weisbach, diâmetro.     MIRANDA, E. P; CUSTODIO, T. B. S; LIMA, F. U; PEREIRA, T. A.; BICUDO, A. L. R. ADJUSTMENT OF THE HAZEN-WILLIANS EQUATION FOR DETERMINATION OF CONTINUOUS PRESSURE DROP IN PVC PIPE     2 ABSTRACT   The head loss is a fundamental parameter for the dimensioning of the pipes, being directly related to the cost of these pipes, the selection of the pumping system and the energy cost of electricity. That study fitted the Hazen-Williams equation and compared it with the Darcy-Weisbach equation. The performance of the adjusted equation was determined by the concordance index (c), Statistical Standard Error (EPE) and Mean Absolute Error (EAM). The results show that all gridded indices to verify the performance of the adjusted Hazen-Willians equation have improved. The largest difference between the values of continuous load loss between the Darcy-Weisbach method and the adjusted Hazen-Williams equation was about 0.08%, which can be considered extremely low   Keywords: Head loss, Darcy-Weisbach, diameter.


Author(s):  
Bastian Schmandt ◽  
Heinz Herwig

Losses due to the flow through conduit components in a pipe system can be characterised by head loss coefficients. They basically account for the dissipation in the flow field or, in a more general sense, for the entropy generation due to the conduit component under consideration. When only one single mass flow rate is involved, an entropy based approach is straight forward and ṁ can be used as a general reference quantity. If, however, the mass flow rate is split or united like in junctions, some new aspects appear. In our study the general approach for these kind of conduit components is discussed. Like for single mass flow rates losses are accounted for by determining the entropy generation rates. New aspects for the branched flows are an additional parameter, the splitting ratio, and the fact that there is an energy transfer between the single branches that has to be accounted for appropriately. It turns out that this energy transfer changes the total head in each flow brach in addition to a sole loss of total head. Therefore, the coefficients should be named head change coefficients when this effect occurs. As an example the flow through a T-shaped junction is considered, for which head loss coefficients are determined for both branches and discussed with respect to their physical meaning.


Author(s):  
Bastian Schmandt ◽  
Heinz Herwig

The definition of head loss/change coefficients should be based on the dissipation in the flow field or, in a more general sense, on the entropy generation due to a conduit component. When, in the simplest case, unbranched flow is considered, an entropy based approach is straight forward since the flow rate can be used as the general reference quantity. If, however, one mass flow rate is split or two partial flow rates are united like in junctions, a new aspect appears: There is an energy transfer between the single branches that has to be accounted for appropriately. It turns out that this energy transfer changes the total head in each flow branch in addition to the loss of total head due to entropy generation. Therefore, appropriate coefficients for junctions should be named head change coefficients. As an example, head change coefficients for dividing and combining flows due to T-shape micro-junctions are investigated and discussed with respect to their physical meaning. For combining flows, the special case of engulfment, leading to enhanced mixing in micro mixers, is considered in detail.


Author(s):  
Faouzi Omri ◽  
Lamjed Hadj Taieb ◽  
Sami Elaoud

Abstract This paper presents a fast simulation model for predicting the dynamic response of a motor-pump system to startup event. The purpose is to analyze the effect of the impeller acceleration time, the final flow rate and the impeller geometry on the pump transient flow during starting operations. The motor speed and torque variations were predicted by simulating the transient law of the three-phase induction motor by adopting the d-q axes theory. The pump model was built by solving the unsteady flow governing equations with the method of characteristics (MOC). The whole model was validated with available tests from literature. Accordingly, the computation of impeller acceleration, the motor torque, the unsteady pressure and flow rate was made for various starting conditions. The results have revealed that during its starting time, the pump hydraulic transients are well influenced by the motor speed acceleration, the flow inertia and the impeller geometry. Through the analysis of the simulation results, the conclusion was that the accuracy of the present method is reasonable, and it can be used for assisting pumping system design.


Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Cleomar Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Marconi Batista Teixeira ◽  
Adriana Ramos ◽  
Renato Moreira da Silva ◽  
Pedro Henrique Pinto Ribeiro ◽  
...  

PORTABLE SAND FILTER FOR SMALL DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS  CLEOMAR FERREIRA DE OLIVEIRA1; MARCONI BATISTA TEIXEIRA2*; ADRIANA RAMOS3; RENATO MOREIRA DA SILVA4; PEDRO HENRIQUE PINTO RIBEIRO5 E JOSÉ ANTÔNIO FRIZZONE6 1 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Prof. Dr. IFMinas Gerais - Campus Muzambinho, MG.2 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Prof. Dr. IFGoiano - Campus Rio Verde, GO. *E-mail: [email protected] Engenheira Agrônoma, Profa. Dra. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz – Ilhéus, BA.4 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutor, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, LEB - ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba - SP.5 Tecnólogo em Irrigação e Drenagem, Doutorando, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UNESP/FCA, Botucatu, SP.6 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Prof. Titular, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, LEB - ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba - SP.  1 ABSTRACT Filters in drip irrigation systems are fundamental to ensure effective control of water quality and to reduce clogging of emitters. Current study aims at constructing a low cost portable sand filter for small localized irrigation systems (up to 1.0 ha) and at determining its head loss due to flow. Tests were carried out in the Hydraulic Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering Department of Agriculture School “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo. Magnetic-induction Conaut Krohne model IFS 4000 w/6 with IFC 090 D signal convert of discharge, reading range between 0 and 90 m3.h-1 and 99% precision, was used for flow rate measurements. Pressure loss at each observation point was determined indirectly by two differential pressure gauges with a mercury column. A set of 20 flow readings was performed in three replications. Results showed that maximum filter discharge complied with ASAE guidelines and the cost of materials for manufacture of the filter was U$ 382.15. Linear mathematical model adequately describes the loss of pressure of the sand filter due to flow variation. Rates of minimum and maximum flow recommended range between 0.0257 m3.h-1 and 0.556 m3.h-1, and thus may satisfy small trickle irrigation projects. Keywords: Filtration, water quality, head loss, flow rate.


Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Zhao ◽  
Dingxuan Zhao ◽  
Jiantao Wang ◽  
Tao Li

As piezoelectric pumps are used in more fields, they are gradually failing to meet the application requirements due to their low output performance. Therefore, improving the output performance of piezoelectric pumps helps to expand their applications. This paper argued that the dynamic load of liquid in the inlet and outlet pipelines was an important factor that weakened the performance of piezoelectric pumps. Therefore, in order to reduce the dynamic load, it was proposed to replace the conventional piezoelectric pump inlet and outlet by an elastic inlet and outlet. After introducing the structure and working principle of elastic inlet and outlet, the mechanism of reducing the dynamic load by elastic inlet and outlet was analyzed. Then, the influence of the elastic cavity height on the performance of the piezoelectric pump was studied from both fluid simulation and theoretical analysis. Finally, several prototypes were made. The effectiveness of the elastic inlet and outlet on improving the performance of the prototype and the effect of the elastic cavity height on the performance of the prototype were tested, respectively. The test results showed that the elastic inlet and outlet effectively improved the flow rate and output backpressure without increasing the maximum output backpressure. The maximum flow rate of the pump system without load was increased by 36%. In addition, the elastic cavity height adversely affected the flow rate and output backpressure of the prototypes, but had no effect on the maximum output backpressure. In summary, the elastic inlet and outlet can effectively increase the output performance of the piezoelectric pump, but the design height should be appropriately reduced.


Author(s):  
N. Yoshimura ◽  
K. Shirota ◽  
T. Etoh

One of the most important requirements for a high-performance EM, especially an analytical EM using a fine beam probe, is to prevent specimen contamination by providing a clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen. However, in almost all commercial EMs, the pressure in the vicinity of the specimen under observation is usually more than ten times higher than the pressure measured at the punping line. The EM column inevitably requires the use of greased Viton O-rings for fine movement, and specimens and films need to be exchanged frequently and several attachments may also be exchanged. For these reasons, a high speed pumping system, as well as a clean vacuum system, is now required. A newly developed electron microscope, the JEM-100CX features clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen, realized by the use of a CASCADE type diffusion pump system which has been essentially improved over its predeces- sorD employed on the JEM-100C.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Mrinmoy Biswas ◽  
Sudip Das Gupta ◽  
Mohammed Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Sharif Mohammad Wasimuddin

Objective: To assess the success of BMG urethroplasty in long segment anterior urethral stricture. Method: From January 2014 to December 2015, twenty male patients with long anterior segment urethral stricture were managed by BMG urethroplasty. After voiding trial they were followed up at 3 month with Uroflowmetry, RGU & MCU and PVR measurement by USG. Patients were further followed up with Uroflowmetry and PVR at 6 months interval.Successful outcome was defined as normal voiding with a maximum flow rate >15ml /sec and PVR<50 ml with consideration of maximum one attempt of OIU after catheter removal. Results: Mean stricture length was 5.2 cm (range 3-9 cm) and mean follow-up was 15.55 months (range 6-23 months). Only two patients developed stricture at proximal anastomotic site during follow-up. One of them voided normally after single attempt of OIU. Other one required second attempt of OIU and was considered as failure (5%). Conclusion: BMG urethroplasty is a simple technique with good surgical outcome. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 19, No. 2, July 2016 p.64-68


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-204
Author(s):  
Anuradha Tomar

Background: Despite so many developments, most of the farmers in the rural areas are still dependent on rainwater, rivers or water wells, for irrigation, drinking water etc. The main reason behind such dependency is non-connectivity with the National grid and thus unavailability of electricity. To extract the maximum power from solar photovoltaic (SPV) based system, implementation of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is mandatory. PV power is intermittent in nature. Variation in the irradiation level due to partial shading or mismatching phenomena leads to the development of modular DC-DC converters. Methods: A stand-alone Multi-Input Dual-Output (MIDO) DC-DC converter based SPV system, is installed at a farm; surrounded with plants for water pumping with stable flow (not pulsating) along with battery energy storage (BES) for lighting. The proposed work has two main objectives; first to maximize the available PV power under shadowing and mismatching condition in case of series/ parallel connected PV modules and second is to improve the utilization of available PV energy with dual loads connected to it. Implementation of proposed MIDO converter along with BES addresses these objectives. First, MIDO controller ensures the MPPT operation of the SPV system to extract maximum power even under partial shading condition and second, controls the power supplied to the motor-pump system and BES. The proposed system is simulated in MATLAB/ SIMULINK environment. Real-time experimental readings under natural sun irradiance through hardware set-up are also taken under dynamic field conditions to validate the performance. Results and Conclusion: The inherent advantage of individual MPPT of each PV source in MIDO configuration, under varying shadow patterns due to surrounding plants and trees is added to common DC bus and therefore provides a better impact on PV power extraction as compared to conventional PV based water pumping system. Multi-outputs at different supply voltages is another flag of MIDO system. Both these aspects are implemented and working successfully at 92.75% efficiency.


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