scholarly journals THERMAL REQUIREMENT AND PHENOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PAPAYA VARIETIES CULTIVATED UNDER SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE

Irriga ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-377
Author(s):  
Marcelo De Souza Silva ◽  
Sarita Leonel ◽  
Jackson Mirellys Azevêdo Souza ◽  
Rafael Bibiano Ferreira ◽  
Joyce Helena Modesto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Thermal Requirement ◽  
Thermal Sum ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Phenological Phases

THERMAL REQUIREMENT AND PHENOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PAPAYA VARIETIES CULTIVATED UNDER SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE     MARCELO DE SOUZA SILVA1; SARITA LEONEL2; JACKSON MIRELLYS AZEVÊDO SOUZA2; RAFAEL BIBIANO FERREIRA2; JOYCE HELENA MODESTO2 E ANA CAROLINA BATISTA BOLFARINI2   1 Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Agronomia e Engenharia Florestal – FAEF, Rod. Cmte. João Ribeiro de Barros, Km 420, 17400-000, Garça - SP, Brasil, [email protected]. 2 1Departament. de Agronomia/Horticultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, Av. Universitária, nº 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, 18610-03, Botucatu – SP, Brasil, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected].     1 ABSTRACT   The thermal sum has been widely used to correlate phenological phases of a culture, a technique used to quantify the time required for any phenological phase in any type of environmental conditions, independently of the species. In view of the above, this study aimed to evaluate the thermal requirement and phenological characterization of papaya varieties cultivated under subtropical climate. It was measured the following phenological stages length: from planting to flowering (PF), from flowering to harvest (FH) and from planting to the beginning of harvest (PH), by measuring the time elapsed between each phenological phase. Female and hermaphrodite flowers were considered for measuring the growth curves of fruits by evaluating length (LF) and diameter (DF) of the fruits at 15-day intervals. The thermal requirement was measured by the accumulation of thermal sum in degree-days (DD) during different phenological phases and fruits development period. In current study conditions, it was possible to infer that Sunrise Solo variety and hybrid Tainung nº 1 are earlier, with an approximately 10-month interval between planting and the beginning of the harvest; therefore, necessitating accumulation of 1722.2 and 1798.1 degree-days, respectively.   Keywords: Carica papaya L., degree-days, plant performance.     SILVA, M. S.; LEONEL, S.; SOUZA, J. M. A.; FERREIRA, R. B.; MODESTO, J. H.; BOLFARINI, A. C. B. EXIGÊNCIA TÉRMICA E CARACTERIZAÇÃO FENOLÓGICA DE VARIEDADES DE MAMOEIRO CULTIVADAS SOB CLIMA SUBTROPICAL     2 RESUMO   A soma térmica tem sido amplamente utilizada para correlacionar fases fenológicas de uma cultura, uma técnica utilizada para quantificar o tempo necessário para qualquer fase fenológica em qualquer tipo de condição ambiental, independentemente da espécie. Frente ao exposto, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a exigência térmica e caracterização fenológica de variedades de mamoeiro cultivadas sob clima subtropical. Foi mensurado a duração dos seguintes estádios fenológicos: plantio ao florescimento (PF), florescimento à colheita e plantio ao início da colheita, através da aferição do tempo decorrido entre cada fase fenológica. As curvas de crescimento dos frutos, acompanhadas em flores femininas e hermafroditas, foram determinadas mediante avaliação do comprimento e diâmetro dos frutos em intervalos de 15 dias. Já a exigência térmica foi mensurada através do acumulo da soma térmica em graus-dia, durante as diferentes fases fenológicas e para o período de desenvolvimento dos frutos. Nas condições do presente estudo foi possível inferir que a variedade Sunrise Solo e o híbrido Tainung nº1 são mais precoces, com intervalo entre o plantio e o início da colheita de aproximadamente 10 meses, necessitando do acúmulo de 1722,2 e 1798,1 graus-dia, respectivamente.   Palavras-chave: Carica papaya L., graus-dia, performance de plantas.

scholarly journals CONSUMO HÍDRICO E EXIGÊNCIA TÉRMICA DA PALMA FORRAGEIRA EM AMBIENTE SEMIÁRIDO

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-128
Author(s):  
Antônio Suassuna de Lima ◽  
Patrícia Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Rigoberto Moreira de Matos ◽  
José Dantas Neto ◽  
Hermes Alves de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Thermal Requirement ◽  
Thermal Sum ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Phenological Phases

CONSUMO HÍDRICO E EXIGÊNCIA TÉRMICA DA PALMA FORRAGEIRA EM AMBIENTE SEMIÁRIDO     ANTÔNIO SUASSUNA DE LIMA1; PATRÍCIA FERREIRA DA SILVA2 ; RIGOBERTO MOREIRA DE MATOS3; JOSÉ DANTAS NETO4; LUCIANO MARCELO FALLÉ SABOYA5  E HERMES ALVES DE ALMEIDA6   1Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande - PB, Brasil, 58428-830, e-mail: [email protected] 2Pós- doutoranda em Engenharia e Gestão dos Recursos Naturais, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande - PB, Brasil, 58428-830, e-mail: [email protected] 3Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande - PB, Brasil, 58428-830, e-mail: [email protected].  4Professor Doutor, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola,  Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande - PB, Brasil, 58428-830, e-mail: [email protected]. 5Professor Doutor, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola,  Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande - PB, Brasil, 58428-830, e-mail: [email protected]. 6Professor Doutor, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Rua Baraúnas, 351 - Universitário, Campina Grande - PB, 58429-500, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected].     1 RESUMO   O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o consumo hídrico e estabelecer a exigência térmica de três variedades de palma forrageira nas diferentes fases de desenvolvimento em ambiente semiárido. O experimento foi desenvolvido em condições de campo no munícipio de Santa Luzia, PB, Fazenda Poço Redondo. Para a determinação da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), foram utilizados três lisímetros de drenagem localizados no centro da área experimental. Cada lisímetro continha quatro plantas com características semelhantes e sob o mesmo sistema de manejo das plantas externas. Um quarto lisímetro foi utilizado com grama para determinar a evapotranspiração de referência ET0.  Cada lisímetro representa uma área efetiva de evaporação de 1,17 m2. Pela ordem de emissão dos cladódios juntamente com o somatório de graus dias determinou-se as quatro fenofases da palma forrageira. A evapotranspiração de referência foi de 7,2 mm dia-1. Os valores de evapotranspiração da cultura ETc e coeficiente de cultivo (Kc), foram respectivamente: 4,8; 4,8 e 4,6 mm dia-1 e 0,72; 0,70 e 0,70, para as variedades orelha de elefante, baiana e miúda. A temperatura basal foi de 18 °C e a soma térmica acumulada no período foi superior a 4000 °C.   Keywords: coeficiente de cultivo, fases fenológicas, graus-dias, temperatura base.      LIMA, A. S.; SILVA, P. F.; MATOS, R. M.; DANTAS NETO, J.; SABOYA; L. M. F.; ALMEIDA, H. A. WATER CONSUMPTION AND THERMAL REQUIREMENT OF THE FORAGE PALM IN A SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT       2 ABSTRACT   This study aimed to evaluate the water consumption and establish the thermal requirement of three varieties of forage palm in different stages of development in a semiarid environment. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in the municipality of Santa Luzia, PB, Poço Redondo Farm. To determine the culture evapotranspiration (ETc), three drainage lysimeters located in the center of the experimental area was used. Each lysimeter contained four plants with similar characteristics and under the same management system as the external plants. The fourth lysimeter was used with grass to determine the reference evapotranspiration ET0. Each lysimeter represents an effective evaporation area of 1.17 m2. By the order of emission of the cladodes with the sum of degree days, the four phenophases of the forage palm were determined. The reference evapotranspiration was 7.2 mm dia-1. The evapotranspiration values of ETc culture and cultivation coefficient (Kc), were respectively: 4.8; 4.8 and 4.6 mm dia-1 and 0.72; 0.70 and 0.70, for Orelha the Elefante, Baiana and Miúda varieties. The basal temperature was 18 °C and the thermal sum accumulated in the period was over 4000 °C.   Keywords: cultivation coefficient, phenological phases, degree-days, base temperature.

scholarly journals Basal temperature and thermal sum in phenological phases of nectarine and peach cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1588-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilson Pacheco de Souza ◽  
Sarita Leonel ◽  
Andréa Carvalho da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Degree Days ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Thermal Sum ◽  
Phenological Phases

The objective of this work was to evaluate basal temperature, thermal sum at different phenological stages, phenological phase duration, yield and seasonality of one nectarine and 14 peach cultivars, between 2006 and 2009. The considered phenological phases were: pruning-sprouting; sprouting-flowering, from swollen bud to open flower; flowering-fruiting, from petal fall to medium-sized fruit; and ripening. Minimum basal temperatures (Tb) obtained were: pruning-sprouting, 8°C, irrespective of the cultivars; sprouting-flowering, 10°C, except for 'Cascata 968', which required 8°C Tb; flowering-fruiting, 12°C, except for 'Oro Azteca', which required 14°C Tb; ripening, 14°C, except for 'Sunblaze', 'Diamante Mejorado' and 'Precocinho' with 12°C Tb. For most cultivars, the maximum basal temperatures were 30, 34, 34 and 28ºC for phases pruning-sprouting, sprouting-flowering, flowering-fruiting and ripening, respectively. 'Turmalina', 'Marli' and 'Tropic Beauty' showed average yields of 3,945.0, 3,969.3 and 3,954.0 kg ha-1, respectively, in 2009, while the nectarine 'Sunblaze' showed around 3,900 kg ha-1 in 2008 and 2009. The cultivars differed for their total cycle and for the accumulated thermal sums which varied, respectively, from 245 days and 1,881.4 degree-days for 'Oro Azteca', to144 days and 1,455.7 degree-days for 'Precocinho'.

scholarly journals Development of 'Itália Melhorada' grapes on different rootstocks and under the semiarid conditions of the Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1867
Author(s):  
Aldrin Mario Da Silva Benjamin ◽  
Débora Jesus Dantas ◽  
Django Jesus Dantas ◽  
Glauber Henrique de Sousa Nunes ◽  
Celso Valdevino Pommer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Thermal Sum ◽  
City State ◽  
Semiarid Conditions

Our study was carried out in the region of Mossoró city, state of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil), in February 2013. This experiment aimed to describe the phenology, estimate biometeorological indexes, and perform a chemical characterization of 'Itália Melhorada' grapes (Vitis vinifera L) grafted on three different rootstocks (cultivars: IAC 313, IAC572, and IAC766), during two production cycles and under semiarid conditions. The first cycle lasted 115 days, with a pruning performed on 04/19/2013; yet the second lasted 111 days, with a pruning on 09/25/2013. In the first cycle, the thermal sum required was 1258.27 DD (degree days), while in the second, it was 1290.50 DD. The Heliothermic Geslin Index (HGI) observed in the first cycle was 352.84 and, in the second, it was 371.17. The rootstocks had no influence on the evaluated factors (phenology, TTA, TSS, and STT/ TTA) in either of the two cycles, therefore, all the tested rootstocks can be used indistinctly, but still, the analysis revealed differences from one cycle to another in terms of TSS and TSS / TTA of berries.

Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Coated Carica papaya Extracts for Solid-State Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 885 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Moses E. Emetere ◽  
Ikechukwu M. Ahiara
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Methanol Solution ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Green Solution ◽  
Conventional Type ◽  
Butanol Solution

The evolution of semiconductor from the conventional type to organic semiconductor has not convincingly shown that it is eco-friendly both in the short and long term. This research presents the green solution bio-semiconductor that was synthesized from zinc coated carica papaya. It was observed that carica papaya extracts do not respond significantly to the extracting solution (methanol, ethanol and butanol). The band gap of sample 1 (extract in methanol solution), sample 2 (extract in ethanol solution) and sample 3 (extract in butanol solution) was calculated as 1.98 eV, 2.01eV and 1.93 eV respectively. Further research is therefore recommended for the perfection of the bio-semiconductor.

scholarly journals Phyllochron estimation in intercropped strawberry and monocrop systems in a protected environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloísa Ferro Constâncio Mendonça ◽  
Eunice Oliveira Calvete ◽  
Alexandre Augusto Nienow ◽  
Rosiani Castoldi da Costa ◽  
Lucas Zerbielli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Angular Coefficient ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Camino Real ◽  
Fig Trees ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

The phyllochron is defined as the time required for the appearance of successive leaves on a plant; this characterises plant growth, development and adaptation to the environment. To check the growth and adaptation in cultivars of strawberry grown intercropped with fig trees, it was estimated the phyllochron in these production systems and in the monocrop. The experiment was conducted in greenhouses at the University of Passo Fundo (28º15'41'' S, 52º24'45'' W and 709 m) from June 8th to September 4th, 2009; this comprised the period of transplant until the 2nd flowering. The cultivars Aromas, Camino Real, Albion, Camarosa and Ventana, which seedlings were originated from the Agrícola LLahuen Nursery in Chile, as well as Festival, Camino Real and Earlibrite, originated from the Viansa S.A. Nursery in Argentina, were grown in white polyethylene bags filled with commercial substrate (Tecnomax®) and evaluated. The treatments were arranged in a randomised block design and four replicates were performed. A linear regression was realized between the leaf number (LN) in the main crown and the accumulated thermal time (ATT). The phyllochron (degree-day leaf-1) was estimated as the inverse of the angular coefficient of the linear regression. The data were submitted to ANOVA, and when significance was observed, the means were compared using the Tukey test (p < 0.05). The mean and standard deviation of phyllochrons of strawberry cultivars intercropped with fig trees varied from 149.35ºC day leaf-1 ± 31.29 in the Albion cultivar to 86.34ºC day leaf-1 ± 34.74 in the Ventana cultivar. Significant differences were observed among cultivars produced in a soilless environment with higher values recorded for Albion (199.96ºC day leaf-1 ± 29.7), which required more degree-days to produce a leaf, while cv. Ventana (85.76ºC day leaf-1 ± 11.51) exhibited a lower phyllochron mean value. Based on these results, Albion requires more degree-days to issue a leaf as compared to cv. Ventana. It was conclude that strawberry cultivars can be grown intercropped with fig trees (cv. Roxo de Valinhos).

scholarly journals Partial purification and Characterization of Two Pectinases (Polygalacturonase and Pectin lyase) from Papaya Pericarp (Carica papaya cv. solo 8)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2729-2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adingra Kouassi Martial Didier ◽  
Konan Kouassi Hubert ◽  
Kouadio Eugène Jean Parfait ◽  
Yapi Jocelyn Constant ◽  
Tano Kablan
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Pectin Lyase ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Purification And Characterization

scholarly journals An operational implementation of the GHER model for the Black Sea, with SST and CTD data assimilation

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1895-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vandenbulcke ◽  
A. Capet ◽  
J. M. Beckers ◽  
M. Grégoire ◽  
S. Besiktepe
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Reduced Rank ◽  
Data Transfers ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Assimilation Scheme

Abstract. In this article, we describe the first operational implementation of the GHER hydrodynamic model. This happened onboard the research vessel "Alliance", in the context of the Turkish Straits System 2008 campaign, which aimed at the real-time characterization of the Marmara Sea and (south-western) Black Sea. The model performed badly at first, mainly because of poor initial conditions. Hence, as the model includes a reduced-rank extended Kalman filter assimilation scheme, after a hindcast where sea surface temperature and temperature and salinity profiles were assimilated, the model yielded realistic forecasts. Furthermore, the time required to run a one-day simulation (about 5 min of simulation, or 10 min with pre-processing and data transfers included) is very limited and thus operational use of the model is possible.

Characterization of Microbial pigments from a combination of Citrus limon peel and Carica papaya pulp extract by using Penicillium purpurogenum

2021 ◽  
pp. 2417-2425
Author(s):  
Aparna S.S.V. ◽  
D. Sarvamangala ◽  
S. Manga
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Penicillium Purpurogenum ◽  
Papaya Pulp ◽  
Phenyl Vinyl

The present examination was done for assurance of the microbial colors present in the blend of Citrus limon (strip) and Carica papaya (pulp) is the restoratively significant plant having a place with the Rutaceae and Caricaceae family individually. In the present investigation, the concentrate of Citrus limon strip with Carica papaya mash has been exposed to aging by utilizing Pencillium purpurogenum and broke down by explanatory systems. This investigation uncovered that microbial concentrate of Citrus limon and Carica papaya contains Silanediol dimethyl, 3-furaldehyde, 4-hepten-3-one, 3-undecen-5-yne, 3-cyclohexon-ol, 3,4,5-Trimethylpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-6(1H)-one, N-didehydrohexacarboxyl-2,4,5-trimethylpiperazine, 6,10-Dimethoxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-(methylsulfanyl) - 2-aza-spiro [4.5] deca-1,6,9-trien-8-one, 9-octadecenoic corrosive, 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, Di-n-octyl phthalate, 2-[2-(4-chloro-phenyl)- vinyl]-1-(2-phenoxy-ethyl)- 1h-benzoimidazole, lilial, Cyclohexane, and 3',4',5,6,7,8-Hexamethoxyflavone defending the utilization of this plant to treat numerous aliments in society and homegrown prescription.

Biofilm characterization of several wastewater treatment plants with rotating biological contactors in Madrid (Spain)

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pérez-Uz ◽  
C. Franco ◽  
M. Martín-Cereceda ◽  
L. Arregui ◽  
I. Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Ciliate Species ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors ◽  
One Year

Ciliate communities were studied in the biofilms of three plants with rotating biological contactors (RBCs) over the period of one year. The aims of this study were: (i) to characterize ciliates to species level; (ii) to determine their abundance and spatial variation through the biological system; and (iii) to relate the spatial segregation and richness of ciliate species to plant performance. A number of species ranging from 33 to 67 were identified at the different plants. The overall best represented groups were peritrichs followed by scuticociliates (Las Matas), cyrtophorids (Boadilla) or hypotrichs (Camarma). Comparison of RBCs and activated sludge communities indicated that even though both were mainly constituted by peritrichs, differences in groups and species composition were observed.

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