scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL METHOD OF STRUGGLE AGAINST THE BASIC WRECKERS OF THE SWEET CORN IN R. OF MOLDOVA

1970 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asea Timus ◽  
N. Croitoru
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biological Method ◽  
Trichogramma Evanescens ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Given ◽  
Harmful Species

Every year, the demand of ecological products in the world is increasing more and more. Republic of Moldova also aspires to expand the areas of agricultural crops to get production with the "ecological" status. The sweet corn, is one of these cultures and every year the areas increase. However, because of the considerable develop of harmful insects on cultural fields, the damage reaches up to 15-20 % and more it is necessary to take measures of struggle. One of these, is a biological method and in this case it has appeared effective. For the period of sweet corn cultivation, excepting for the technology observance of cultivation of the given culture, there have been used biological methods of struggle against harmful insects. Depending on climatic conditions of each zone of the country where it is grown up this culture, different species of harmful insects develop. In R. Moldova, begining with year 2000, have been registered the following harmful species of insects on sweet corn: Aphis spp. (Aphididae); Agrotis spp. (Elateridae); Blaps halophila Fisch. (Tenebrionidae); Phylotreta spp. (Chrysomelidae); Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Noctuidae) Ostrinia nubilalis Hb. (Pyraustidae). The constant useful fauna which develops due to these harmful species is: Nabis spp. (Miridae); Chrysopa spp., (Chrysopidae); Coccinella spp. (Coccinelidae) and others. That is why, annually are let out individuals from species Trichogramma evanescens W., to reduce the number of harmful species H. armigera Hubner. This species annually damages on different cultures, including on sweet corn. The results on released trichogrammas in 2005, for struggle against harmful species H. armigera Hubner, are presented in this work.

Beyond cultural barriers, Islamic mysticism and intercultural insights

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Asghar Mosleh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Islamic Mysticism ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Intercultural Philosophy

Mysticism has had a magnificent role in most cultures, particularly in cultures based upon world religions. Studies conducted in recent decades show that emergent mysticisms in different historical periods and territories, despite the great differences in terms of climatic conditions, historical experiences, language and other cultural elements, share similar roots and principles. One of the roles intercultural philosophy can play is to introduce a comparative study of these emergent mysticisms in different cultures in order to create an appropriate setting for dialogue and understanding between cultures. In this article we briefly examine the grounds of the emergence and development of Islamic mysticism (Sufism) in Iran and then discuss one example of its potential for intercultural insight and dialogue with other traditions.

scholarly journals The influence of meteorological conditions on major quantitative and qualitative traits of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radojka Maletic ◽  
Radosav Jevdjovic
Keyword(s):  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Lower Mass ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Year 2000

The results of two-year investigations of buckwheat raised in agroecological conditions of South Banat (Pancevo) and West Serbia (Gorobilje) are presented in the paper. Based on the obtained investigation data, we confirm the hypothesis that buckwheat is a plant suited to more humid regions, since we have determined higher yield of the plant on locations with higher precipitation amount. During 1999, the yield of buckwheat was higher at the location in Pancevo and the next year at the location in Gorobilje. Also, in the year 2000, values of average plant height, number of seeds per plant and seed mass per plant were higher at the location in Gorobilje, whereas in the year 1999 (first year of investigation), which from the aspect of climatic conditions could be considered as optimal, plant yield and all other investigated parameters were better in case of buckwheat originating from the location in Pancevo. In the year 2000, in regard to the seed proportionally medium fractions were more present, which is, among other things, the result of the influence of higher precipitation amount. In regard to the exploitation value of the seed, better germination was registered for seed produced in 2000 (at both locations), although it had lower mass compared to the seed produced in 1999. Blossoming (blooming) in the first study year at both locations started 5 to 7 days earlier compared to the second year of investigations and lasted 5 to 8 days longer. On the other hand, in the second year of investigations at both locations harvesting started 10 to 12 days earlier compared to the previous year.

scholarly journals Energy economic suitability of the use of “air-air” recuperators in the climatic conditions of the republic of Armenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Artashes Petrosyan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Electric Heater ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Present Material ◽  
Methods Of Calculation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Given

The issues of energy saving in buildings are considered by using recuperators to save heat and cold, lost when removing air from the buildings space and transferring some of the energy to the fresh air that is supplied into the premises. Such heat exchangers can be a part of the mechanical ventilation system, as well as stand alone and carry out partial (due to heat exchange) or complete heating of fresh air (by using a heat transfer agent or an electric heater). Depending on the place of application and the recuperator type, they can have different energy efficiency or thermal efficiency, price, and respectively, energy economic indicators and payback period. Often, the developers and plants, the manufacturers go on partial deterioration of these indicators to reduce the product price, suggesting to use simpler structures, in particular, recuperators of “air-air” type with a different number of pipes in the heat exchanger. In the present material, the methods of calculation of multi-pipe recuperators for utilization of heat of exhausted air, having the simplest structures, are given. The areas of expedient use in various climatic conditions of the Republic of Armenia are determined. The criteria are the given expenses, fuel economy, their manufacture costs.

Colony formation by Bact. lactis aerogenes on solid media containing antibacterial agents

1952 ◽  
Vol 215 (1123) ◽  
pp. 565-565
Keyword(s):  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Fluctuation Test ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Statistical Variation ◽  
Toxic Concentration ◽  
Solid Agar ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Given

A study has been made of the formation of colonies of Bact. lactis aerogenes on solid agar media containing antibacterial substances (brilliant green, 1-phenyl semicarbazide, phenyl mercuric nitrate, phenol, thymol and chloramphenicol) at such concentrations that a small fraction only of the inoculated cells develop. The pattern of behaviour varies from drug to drug and sometimes from culture to culture with a given drug. As the toxic concentration increases, colonies diminish in number, in size or in both. Anomalous dependence in some cases upon inoculum size, and the appearance in others of satellites to the main colonies, indicate the operation of co-operative effects probably depending upon diffusion of metabolites or antagonists. The statistical variation in the number of developing colonies is greater for different cultures than for samples of a given culture (as in the well-known fluctuation test for mutations), but the behaviour of a culture may depend upon the aeration, and upon the precise conditions of the test. The variances show no apparent relation to the ease of production of resistance to the given drug. Nor does the scatter of the survival times in liquid media containing phenol (no resistance developable) differ much from that in chloramphenicol (resistant forms readily produced). Consideration of the factors determining the successful formation of a colony on a drug plate suggests that the fluctuation test for the demonstration of mutations must be applied with great reserve.

scholarly journals Potential for transmission of Stenocarpella macrospora from inoculated seeds to maize plants grown under controlled conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina da Silva Siqueira ◽  
José da Cruz Machado ◽  
Ellen Noly Barrocas ◽  
Mirella Figueiró de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Biological Methods

Maize seeds infected by Stenocarpella macrospora can cause stalk and ear rot and leaf spot. Transmission of this pathogen through seeds may vary according to the cultivar, climatic conditions, and virulence of the pathogen among other factors. The aim of this study was to assess the transmission rate of S. macrospora from seeds of the maize cultivars C1-RB9308YG and C2-RB9108 using artificially infected seeds grown under two temperatures (20 ºC and 25 ºC). Seeds were inoculated by the osmotic conditioning method for 24 h (inoculum potential - P1), 48 h (P2), 72 h (P3) and 96 h (P4). After inoculation, 25 seeds were distributed individually in plastic cups with substrate, with 4 replicates per treatment. At the end of twenty-eight days of daily assessments, all plants were analyzed for the presence of the pathogen by biological methods, and some were sampled at random and analyzed Bio-PCR. The maximum percentages of dead seeds/seedlings in pre-emergence were 74.5% and 82.5% for P3 and P4, respectively. The highest total rate of transmission of the pathogen under study was 85.8% for seeds of the cultivar C1 at the highest inoculum potential (P4), grown at the temperature of 20 ºC.

scholarly journals Improvement of the assortment to optimize grape production technology in the Anapo-Taman zone

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Л.П. Трошин ◽  
Р.В. Кравченко ◽  
Н.В. Матузок ◽  
Р.Н. Куфанова
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Piedmont Zone ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
High Head ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
The Given

Дан обзор результатов ампелографической оценки перспективных розовоягодных сортов винограда Анюта, Аркадия розовая, Виктор, Памяти хирурга в условиях Анапо-Таманской зоны Краснодарского края. Агротехника соответствовала общепринятой для данной культуры и зоны. Схема посадки - 3,0 х 2,5 м. Кусты формировались по типу высокоштамбового двуплечего горизонтального кордона. Все агробиологические учеты проводились по общепринятым методикам. На кустах формировалась одинаковая нагрузка побегами и гроздями. Анализ метеорологических условий периода вегетации, агробиологических и хозяйственно-технологических показателей изучаемых сортов свидетельствует о том, что почвенно-климатические условия Анапо-Таманской зоны Краснодарского края являются благоприятными для их возделывания в неукрывной культуре. Сорта Виктор и Аркадия розовая были отнесены к группе сортов очень раннего срока созревания, сорт Памяти хирурга - раннего, а сорт Анюта - к группе сортов среднепозднего срока созревания. Суммирование рангов сортов по признакам позволяет классифицировать их по комплексной ценности (в убывающем порядке ряда): Виктор, Анюта, Аркадия розовая и Памяти хирурга. В конце ряда - контрольный сорт Кишмиш лучистый. То есть все сорта народной селекции по комплексу биолого-хозяйственных признаков превосходят контрольный сорт и потому их следует рассмотреть как перспективные для районирования в Южно-Предгорной зоне Краснодарского края. Анализ результатов исследований показал, что для производства свежего столового винограда в условиях Анапо-Таманской зоны Краснодарского края в неукрывной культуре рекомендуется выращивание выделившихся по комплексу биолого-хозяйственных признаков сортов Виктор, Памяти хирурга, Аркадия розовая и Анюта. The article provides the summary of results on ampelographic assessment of promising rose-berry grape varieties ‘Anyuta’, Arcadia Rose’, ‘Victor’, ‘Pamyati Khirurga’ in the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar Territory. Agricultural techniques corresponded to those generally accepted for the given culture and zone. The planting pattern was 3.0 x 2.5 m. The bushes were trained as high-head two-armed horizontal cordons. All agrobiological surveys were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Identical loading with shoots and bunches was trained on the bushes. The analysis of meteorological conditions of the growing season, agrobiological and economic-technological parameters of the studied varieties indicates that the soil and climatic conditions of the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar Territory are favorable for their cultivation in open-earth culture. The varieties ‘Victor’ and ‘Arcadia Rose’ were attributed to the group of very early ripening varieties, the variety ‘Pamyati Khirurga’ - early, and ‘Anyuta’ - mid-late ripening varieties. Summing-up of varietal ranges according to the characteristics allows classify them according to their complex value (in range in descending order): ‘Victor’, ‘Anyuta’, ‘Arcadia Rose’ and ‘Pamyati Khirurga’. The control variety ‘Kishmish Luchistyi’ is at the end of this range. It means that all varieties selected by local inhabitants are superior to the control variety in terms of the complex of biological and economic characteristics, and therefore they should be considered as promising for zoning in the South Piedmont zone of the Krasnodar Territory. The analysis of the research results showed that in order to produce fresh table grapes in the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar Territory in open-earth culture, it is recommended to cultivate the varieties ‘Victor’, ‘Pamyati Khirurga’, ‘Arcadia Rose’ and ‘Anyuta’, distinguished by a complex of biological and economic characteristics.

scholarly journals Effect of utilization term on the quality of semi-natural grass stand in the autumn and in the winter time

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Jiří Skládanka
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Forage Utilization ◽  
Winter Time ◽  
June July ◽  
The Given ◽  
Made In

Quality of green fodder from a semi-natural sward consisting of Festuca rubra, Taraxacum officinale, Dactylis glomerata, Trisetum flavescens, Poa ssp., Agrostis stolonifera and Phleum pratense as dominant species, situated in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands (Czech Republic) was studied in the months of the main forage utilization (November, December and January). Main usage in the winter months was preceded by usage in June, July and August (preparatory cut). The sward was fertilized in the first half of August with 50 kg N.ha-1. Qualitative characteristics studied in 2000/2001, 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 were N-substances and NEL. Sward quality was decreasing from November to January with the date of utilization exhibiting a highly significant effect (α < 0.01) on the NEL content in all three years of monitoring and on the content of N-substances in the first two years of monitoring. Effect of the preparatory cut on the contents of N-substances and NEL was significant (α < 0.05) in all three years of monitoring and in the first two years of monitoring, respectively. In November, the contents of N-substances and NEL were higher in variants with the preparatory cut made in August than in variants with the preparatory cut made in June or July. The effect of the date of preparatory cut on the contents of N-substances and NEL in December and January was depending on climatic conditions in the given year.

scholarly journals Effect of different tillage intensity on yields and yield-forming factors in winter wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Martin Houšť ◽  
Blanka Procházková ◽  
Pavel Hledík
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
The Given ◽  
Direct Sowing ◽  
Growing Region

The paper presents results of a study on application of minimum tillage technologies when growing winter wheat. Experiments were performed in the sugar-beet-growing region with loamy chernozem within the period of 2005–2009. Aanalysed and evaluated were effects of different methods of soil processing on yield-forming factors in stands of winter wheat grown after three different preceding crops (i.e. alfalfa, maize for silage and pea). Evaluated were the following four variants of tillage: (1) conventional ploughing to the depth of 0.22 m (Variant 1); (2) ploughing to the depth of 0.15 m (Variant 2); (3) direct sowing into the untilled soil (Variant 3), and (4) shallow tillage to the depth of 0.10 m (Variant 4).The effect of different tillage intensity on winter wheat yields was statistically non-significant after all forecrops. After alfalfa, the highest and the lowest average yields were recorded in Variant 2 (i.e. with ploughing to the depth of 0.15 m) and Variant 3 (direct sowing into the untilled soil), respectively. After maize grown for silage, higher yields were obtained in Variant 2 and Variant 1 (conventional ploughing) while in Variants 4 and 3 the obtained yields were lower. When growing winter wheat after pea as a preceding crop, the highest and the lowest average yields were recorded after direct sowing (Variant 3) and in Variant 1 (i.e. ploughing to the depth of 0.22 m), respectively. Results of studies on effect of different tillage technologies on yields of winter wheat crops indicate that under the given pedological and climatic conditions it is possible to apply methods of reduced tillage intensity. However, the choice of the corresponding technology must be performed with regard to the type of preceding crop.

scholarly journals Forstliche Schadorganismen im Zeichen des Klimawandels | Effects of climate change on forest pests and diseases

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (10) ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Engesser ◽  
Beat Forster ◽  
Franz Meier ◽  
Beat Wermelinger
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Harmful Species

The predicted increase in temperature, dry summers, and extreme meteorological events will affect many harmful species both by directly accelerating their propagation rates as well as by weakening their host plants. There might also be shifts in the interrelations in species communities that can hardly be predicted. Some fungal species, that had previously been inconspicuous, caused notable damages in the drought periods of the last two decades. Higher winter temperatures often increase the survival rates of many fungal and insect species. Because hot and dry summers are likely to become more frequent and heavy storms tend to occur more often, an increase in massive outbreaks of bark beetles with corresponding damage is to be expected. As a result of global trade, more invasive alien fungi and insects are introduced into Europe where the climatic conditions become more favorable for them to establish themselves on native or introduced host trees. Insects and diseases can have a profound impact on forest dynamics. Therefore, these disturbances must be included in the discussion of future tree species composition and of forest development scenarios.

Ice Flow and Mass Changes of Lewis Glacier, Mount Kenya, East Africa: Observations 1974–86, Modelling, and Predictions to the Year 2000 AD

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (121) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hastenrath
Keyword(s):  
Model Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Volume Flux ◽  
Surface Slope ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Climatic Forcing ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Year 2000

AbstractThe study is based on an observation program since 1974, including the continuous monitoring of net balance during 1978–86. The 8 year vertical net-balance profile, characterized by negative values throughout and an increase of absolute amounts from the higher towards the lower elevations, defines the recent climatic forcing.A model is developed with a spatial resolution by 100 m wide bands, relating glacier morphology, ice flow, and mass economy, using as input ice thickness, surface slope, width of height contours, area of 100 m wide bands, volume flux, and net balance as a function of elevation. In 1 year time steps, the model calculates the changes in ice thickness and surface topography commensurate with the difference between net balance and longitudinal divergence of volume flux, and then the corresponding changes in surface slope, contour width, area of 100 m wide bands, volume flux, and net balance corresponding to the new surface elevations. This information serves as input for the next time step.The model was applied to the intervals 1974–78, 1978–82, and 1982–86, as training periods, to explore the diagnostics of ice flow and mass economy, and to ascertain the model performance in treating long-term evolution in glacier behavior. The experiments yielded a reasonable agreement between calculated and observed changes in ice thickness, velocity, and volume flux, over the three aforementioned 4 year periods of field monitoring. Two sets of prediction experiments beyond 1986 were then undertaken. The first used as input the observed 1978–86 vertical net-balance profile (a), and thus simulated the future evolution of the glacier given continuation of the recent climatic forcing. In the second set of experiments, the 1978–86 net-balance values were doubled to yield a more extreme net-balance profile (b), representing climatic conditions considerably more adverse to the maintenance of the glacier.Predictions are presented for the epochs 1990, 1994, 1998, and 2000. Given continuation of the recent climatic conditions (profile a), the following changes are anticipated from 1986 to the year 2000: a shrinkage of the volume from 4 to 1 x 106m3; an area decrease from 25 to 17 χ 104m2; a shortening of the glacier from 990 to less than 800 m; a slow-down of fastest ice flow from 2.5 to less than 1ma−1; a decrease of the maximum volume flux from 13 to less than 3 χ 103m3a−1; and substantial up-glacier displacements of the velocity and volume-flux maxima. Under more extreme negative net-balance conditions (profile b), the decay would be so greatly accelerated that Lewis Glacier may completely disappear well before the end of the millennium. This prospect is inherent in a possible change from recent climatic conditions.

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