scholarly journals Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Microbiological Contaminants of Foods

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgiana Mihaela BELBE ◽  
Maria TOFANA
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Irradiated Foods

Ionizing radiation can be used in food industry in order to control the number of microbiological contaminants, among others. The sources of irradiation allowed to be used in this respect are: high-voltage electron beams up to 10 MeV, X – rays up to 5 MeV and gamma rays produced from the radioisotopes 60Co and 137Cs. One of the most important properties of irradiation is inactivation of microorganisms, especially pathogens. Gram-negative pathogen bacteria are very sensitive to radiation. As expected bacterial spores are more resistant to ionizing radiation than vegetative cells are. Irradiation also reduces the number of mould populations. Yeasts on the other hand are more radio-resistant than bacteria and moulds and can become the dominant flora of irradiated foods. In what viruses are concerned, ionizing radiation must be accompanied by other treatments in order to be an efficient inactivation method. In conclusion, ionizing radiation can be used, at acceptable doses, as a control method in preserving the innocuity of foods.

HEALTH HAZARDS FROM MOBILE TOWER: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Avni KP Skandhan ◽  
Skandhan KP ◽  
Prasad BS
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Fm Radio ◽  
Smart Tv

Our knowledge on X-rays, gamma rays and ultraviolet radiation is ionising . Non-ionising gadget radiation is from Mobile Phone, Laptop, Tablet Smart TV etc. and harmful radiations is from mobile towers . FM radio waves, Microwaves, Visible light are also other forms of non-ionizing radiation.

Comparative Effects of Gamma-Rays and Electron Beams on Film Dosimeters and Bacterial Spores

1994 ◽  
pp. 739-741
Author(s):  
T. Hayashi ◽  
H. Takizawa ◽  
S. Todoriki ◽  
T. Suzuki ◽  
M. Furuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Bacterial Spores

The Effects of X-Ray Irradiation on Safety and Nutritional Value of Food: A Systematic Review Article

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 919-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakiyeh B. Zehi ◽  
Asma Afshari ◽  
Seyyed M.A. Noori ◽  
Behrooz Jannat ◽  
Mohammad Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iceberg Lettuce ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Fresh Products

X-ray is a non-thermal technology that has shown good efficacy in reducing pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, viruses and parasites. X-ray hygiene technology resulted in a high microbial loss in numerous food products, such as dairy products, ready-to-eat shrimp, oysters, fresh products, strawberries, shredded iceberg lettuce, and spinach leaves. Some X-ray studies on food safety have shown that X-ray is an effective technology and is also an appropriate alternative to the electron beam and gamma rays, and can be used in the food industry without side effects on human health. Besides, we reviewed the X-ray effect on the nutritional value of food. Therefore in this study, we aimed to review the available pros and cons of current studies regarding X-rays’ effects on the food industry.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Sensory Properties of Fuji Apples and Niitaka Pears Irradiated by Gamma Rays, Electron Beams, or X-rays

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koo Jung ◽  
Seon-Min Go ◽  
Byeong-Geum Moon ◽  
Beom-Seok Song ◽  
Jong-Heum Park
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
X Rays

Burns by Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Alcocer ◽  
Priscilla Alcocer ◽  
Carlos Marquez
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
Diagnostic Equipment ◽  
Nonionizing Radiation

Abstract This article consists of the study and investigative analysis of the effects of burns by radiation in humans. Cases of nuclear accidents, such as Chernobyl (ionizing radiation) and the effects of non-ionizing radiation such as infrared and microwave radiation are detailed. It is examined cases of injuries and burns by ionizing radiation due to irradiation (diagnostic equipment and medical treatment: X-rays, radiotherapy) or contamination (nuclear accidents, wars). Injuries and burns are also caused by nonionizing radiation, such as visible light (laser), ultraviolet, radiofrequency. There are numerous biological issues in the case of tissues, the ionizing radiation (ionizing particles and electromagnetic radiation: X-rays, gamma rays and high energy ultraviolet) can cause damage mainly in the DNA. This can cause mutations in its genetic code and cancer 5. In addition, damage to other tissues and organs can occur, as well as burns, erythema and lesions. The biological effects of nonionizing radiation are currently under investigation. Burns, erythema and lesions can also occur due to the following types of radiation: low energy ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwave, radiofrequency, electromagnetic fields. The purpose of this article is to provide an exhaustive analysis of all types of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and their effects on living beings. Finally, it is important to follow all safety and radiation protections against both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.

scholarly journals STUDY OF GAMMA RADIATION FROM BUILDING MATERIALS

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
Petras Vaitiekūnas ◽  
Daiva Lukošiūte
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Beta Particles ◽  
A Charge

People are constantly exposed to ionizing radiation, but generally the amount, type and duration of exposure to radionuclides (radiation emitters) affects the severity or type of health effect. Nearly all rocks, minerals and soil may contain small amounts of naturally occuring radioactive materials, and when they are incorporated into building materials, these naturally occurring radioactive materials are included as well. Ionization is a process in which a charge portion of a molecule is given enough energy to break away atoms. There are three main kinds of ionizing radiation: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays and x‐rays, with gamma and x‐rays having a higher amount of energy. Since gamma rays have a higher amount of energy, they have potential to cause a greater damage on the outside or inside of a human body. A model based on data gathered from different types of structures will try to show that the amount of ionizing radiation, especially gamma rays, that affect residents in various parts of buildings, is directly related to the properties of radionuclides present in building structures.

Electrons generated from machine sources operated at or below an energy level of 10 MeV The eV (electronvolt) is the unit of energy used to measure and describe the energy of electrons and of other types of radiation. The energy of 1 eV is equivalent to the kinetic energy acquired by an electron on being accelerated through a potential difference of 1 V. The eV is a very small unit of energy. It is therefore more common to speak of keV (kiloelectronvolt = 1000 eV) or MeV (megaelectronvolt = 1 million eV). To convert eV to units of energy one can use the conversion 1 MeV = 1.602 X 10“ J (joule). Gamma rays and x-rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum (Fig. 1), which reaches from the low-energy, long-wavelength radiowaves to the high-energy, short-wavelength cosmic rays. Radiowaves, infrared (IR) waves, and visible light are nonionizing radiations. Ultraviolet (UV) light can ionize only certain types of molecule under specific conditions and is generally not consid­ ered as ionizing radiation. X-rays and gamma rays are identical in their physical properties and in their effect on matter; they differ in their origin. X-rays are produced by machines and exhibit a wide continuous spectrum of radiation, whereas gamma rays come from radioactive isotopes (radionuclides) in a discon­ tinuous spectrum of radiation intensities. When ionizing radiation penetrates into a medium (e.g., the irradiated food) all or part of the radiation energy is absorbed by the medium. This is called the absorbed dose. The unit in which the absorbed dose is measured is the gray (Gy); it is equal to the absorption of 1 J (joule)/kg. One kGy (kilogray) = 1000 Gy. Formerly the dose unit rad was used. It was defined as 100 erg/g. The conversion of old to new units is based on the relationship 1000 rad = 1 Gy, or 1 krad = 10 Gy, or 1 Mrad = 10 kGy. The dose accumulated per unit of time is called the dose rate. Gamma ray sources provide a relatively low dose rate (typically 100-10,000 Gy/h, whereas

1995 ◽  
pp. 28-28
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Small Unit

Radiation And Its Effect To The Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Vishwakarma ◽  
Aradhana Singh Chauhan ◽  
Deepak Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Beta Particles ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Harmful Effects

Many forms of "radiation" are encountered in the natural environment and are produced by modern technology. Most of them can give both beneficial and harmful effects. Even sunlight, the most essential radiation of all, can be harmful in large amounts. Most public attention is given to the category of radiation known as "ionizing radiation." This radiation can disrupt atoms, creating positive ions and negative electrons, and cause biological harm. Ionizing radiation includes x-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons, and the varieties of cosmic rays. Exposure to radiation can cause damage to cells, eventually leading to cancer or other health concerns and also it effects our environment.

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