scholarly journals The Influence of Soil Humidity Stress on Eggplant Crop

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gicuța SBÎRCIOG
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Humidity ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Hydric Stress ◽  
Selection Of

In order to meet consumption requirements, according to the crops destination and way of preparing the fruits, the eggplant breeding process aims at obtaining some cultivars properly adapted to the climate and soil conditions from different culture areas.  In this context, the selection of genotypes which are tolerant to the thermal and hydric stress represents a major objective of the eggplant breeding.

Efficacy and Rate of Release of EPTC and Butylate from Starch Encapsulated Formulations Under Greenhouse Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Schreiber ◽  
B. S. Shasha ◽  
M. A. Ross ◽  
P. L. Orwick ◽  
D. W. Edgecomb
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rapid Release ◽  
Initial Release ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Selection Of

Four starch-encapsulated formulations of EPTC(S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) and of butylate(S-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate) were prepared and evaluated by comparison with their respective emulsifiable concentrate formulations for their slow-release capabilities and efficacies. Chemical and biological evaluation indicated that difference in controlled-release could be achieved by the selection of the starch xanthate and oxidant used in the formualtion process. EPTC and butylate released slower when formulated as starch-encapsulated granules than when formulated as emulsifiable concentrates under soil conditions that favored rapid release. The initial release was adequate for weed control and slow enough for desired residual activity. Repeated seeding and harvesting the treated soils and bioassays of treated soils generally produced release rate anticipated from short term dry and wet chemical tests.

scholarly journals Monitoring Soil Condition in the Northern Tibetan Plateau Using SSM/I Data

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. C. Chang ◽  
M. S. Cao
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Brightness Temperature ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Northern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Scattering Centers ◽  
Selection Of

A combination of a low 37 GHz brightness temperature and a negative 19 and 37 GHz spectral gradient can be an effective discriminant for frozen and thawed soil. SSM/I data for 1988 are used to study the freeze/thaw of soil in the Northern Tibetan Plateau, China. In this study, a previously derived freeze/thaw classification scheme was tested for this unique geographic location. It was found that the 37 GHz threshold needed to be refined for this region. It was also found that the 37 GHz emission is sensitive to the scattering centers embedded in the soil, which may account for the observed low brightness temperature. The selection of the 37 GHz brightness temperature threshold depends on the atmospheric and soil conditions inherent in a particular region.

scholarly journals Selection of promising black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) cultivars in Hungary

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 339-343
Author(s):  
Rédei Károly ◽  
Csiha Imre ◽  
Rásó János ◽  
Keserű Zsolt
Keyword(s):  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Selection Programme ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Selection Of

In Hungary the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia Linnaeus) is one of the most important exotic stand-forming tree species growing mostly under unfavourable ecological conditions. Considering the climate change effects its importance is increasing also in many other countries. As a result of a selection programme several black locust cultivars have been improved for setting up cultivar trials. In the paper four black locust cultivars were evaluated in Central Hungary under arid hydrological and brown forest soil conditions. Significant differences (P < 5%) were found in height, DBH, mean tree volume and average stem form value (SFV). At the age of 35 years the cultivar “R.p. Jászkiséri” appeared to be the most promising one for yield production and “R.p. Zalai” and “R.p. Nyírségi” for SFV.

Identifying ecological barriers to restoration in temperate grassy woodlands: soil changes associated with different degradation states

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Prober ◽  
Kevin R. Thiele ◽  
Ian D. Lunt
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Ecosystem Recovery ◽  
Positive Feedbacks ◽  
Ecological Barriers ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Repeated Pattern ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
Selection Of

Temperate grassy woodlands were once the dominant vegetation across many agricultural regions of south-eastern Australia, but most of these are now highly degraded and fragmented. Adequate conservation of these woodlands is dependent on successful ecological restoration; however, ecological barriers often limit ecosystem recovery once degrading processes are removed. To help identify these barriers, we used a state and transition framework to compare topsoils of little-disturbed (reference) and variously degraded remnants of grassy Eucalyptus albens Benth. and E. melliodora Cunn. ex Schauer woodlands. Topsoils of degraded remnants showed a repeated pattern, with the most compacted, most acidic and most depleted topsoils occurring in remnants dominated by Aristida ramosa R.Br. or Austrodanthonia H.P.Linder and Austrostipa scabra (Lindl.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett; the least compacted and most nutrient rich topsoils in remnants dominated by annual exotics; and generally intermediate topsoils in remnants dominated by Bothriochloa macra (Steud.) S.T.Blake or Austrostipa bigeniculata (Hughes) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett. Surprisingly, topsoils beneath trees in reference sites (supporting Poa sieberiana Spreng.) were similar to topsoils supporting annual exotics for most soil properties. Chemical properties of topsoils from open areas of reference sites [supporting Themeda australis (R.Br.) Stapf] were usually intermediate and similar to Bothriochloa macra and Austrostipa bigeniculata topsoils. The most striking exception to these trends was for soil nitrate, which was extremely low in all reference topsoils and showed a high correlation with annual exotic abundance. We discuss the potential for positive feedbacks between soil nitrogen cycling and understorey composition and the need for intervention to assist possible nitrate-dependent transitions between annual and perennial understorey states. Dominant grasses, trees and annual weed abundance may be useful indicators of soil conditions and could inform selection of target sites, species and techniques for restoration projects.

Seismic Performance of Improved Ground Sites during the 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam M. Wotherspoon ◽  
Rolando P. Orense ◽  
Mike Jacka ◽  
Russell A. Green ◽  
Brady R. Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Ground Failure ◽  
Canterbury Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Liquefaction Assessment ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

The city of Christchurch and the surrounding region on the South Island of New Zealand are underlain by large areas of recent alluvial sediments and fills that are highly susceptible to liquefaction and seismic ground failure. Thus, the widespread liquefaction that occurred following the successive large-scale earth-quakes, with moment magnitudes (MW) ranging from 6.0 to 7.1 that struck the Canterbury region in 2010–2011 was expected. Prior to the series of earthquakes, soil improvement had been used at several sites to mitigate the anticipated damage. This paper reviews the performance of improved sites during the Canterbury earthquake sequence. The existing soil conditions at each site and the design of the ground improvement are discussed, together with descriptions of the post-earthquake damage observed. Moreover, liquefaction assessment within and surrounding a selection of the ground improvement zones is presented.

Comparing Sliding Block Procedures for Displacement-Based Design of Earth Structures in Light of Major Chilean Earthquakes

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Tiznado ◽  
Maria Paz Silva ◽  
Natalia Viejo
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Earthquake Parameters ◽  
Critical Acceleration ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Earth Structures ◽  
Displacement Based ◽  
Selection Of

Current practice for seismic design of earth structures considers the use of displacement-based methods, which allow a quick and quantitative estimation of the movement of soil masses under earthquake loading. This type of procedures are aimed to establish a relationship between (i) the main earthquake parameters, (ii) the critical acceleration, and (iii) the corresponding permanent displacements of the soil structure. In this sense, based on the well-known Newmark’s sliding block method, several regression models intended for design purposes have been proposed during last decades. However, the selection of an appropriate method to predict the expected permanent displacements of a soil mass remains a difficult and somewhat arbitrary practice. In this paper, strong-motion records from four major Chilean earthquakes, grouped by soil conditions, are used to compare and evaluate the suitability of the reviewed methods for assessing the seismic performance of earth structures. From the results obtained, general conclusions and recommendations for practical applications on sites with similar characteristics to the Chilean subduction zone are elaborated.

scholarly journals Global mismatches between crop distributions and climate suitability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Mahaut ◽  
Samuel Pironon ◽  
Jean Yves Barnagaud ◽  
François Bretagnolle ◽  
Colin Khoury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Climatic Suitability ◽  
New Crops ◽  
The Social ◽  
Climate Suitability ◽  
Climatic Range ◽  
Wild Progenitors ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The selection of new crops and the migration of crop areas are two key strategies for agriculture to cope with climate change and ensure food security in the coming years. However, both rely on the assumption that climate is a major factor determining crop distributions worldwide. Here, we show that the current global distributions of nine of twelve major crops strongly diverge from their modelled climatic suitability for yields, after controlling for technology, agricultural management and soil conditions. Comparing the climatic niches of crops and their wild progenitors reveals that climate suitability is higher outside the native climatic range for six of these nine crops while all of them are farmed predominantly in their native ranges. These results show that agricultural strategies coping with climate change will be unsuccessful unless they fully consider the social, cultural, and ecological factors underpinning crop distributions.

In vivo screening of salinity tolerance in Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii)

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Shiwangni Rao ◽  
Mary Taylor ◽  
Anjeela Jokhan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Water Inundation ◽  
Poor Soil ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii) is a staple food crop in the Pacific, especially in the low lying atoll islands such as Tuvalu and Kiribati. This is owing to its ability to survive under poor soil conditions and harsh environments. However, as a result of the effects of climate change such as sea water inundation and intrusion into the fresh ground water lens, this crop is now under threat. To address this issue an adaption approach was taken whereby, Cyrtosperma merkusii was screened in vivo for salt tolerance. The epistemology followed random selection of two cultivars Ikaraoi and Katutu. These two cultivars were subjected to 0% (0 parts per trillion), 0.5% (5 ppt), 1% (10 ppt), 1.5% (15 ppt) and 2% (20 ppt) of salt in Yates’s advance seedling common potting mix. Both cultivars were able to tolerate salinity levels up-to 5ppt which is significantly more than the salt tolerance in glycophytes of 2.83 ppt. This research provides an insight into the variation of salt tolerance that may exist in C.merkusii gene pool, which can be used to adapt to natural disasters and buffer its impacts.

scholarly journals One Hundred Candidate Genes and Their Roles in Drought and Salt Tolerance in Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6378
Author(s):  
Ieva Urbanavičiūtė ◽  
Luca Bonfiglioli ◽  
Mario A. Pagnotta
Keyword(s):  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Drought And Salt Tolerance ◽  
Drought And Salt Stress ◽  
Hydric Stress ◽  
Efficient Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Drought and salinity are major constraints to agriculture. In this review, we present an overview of the global situation and the consequences of drought and salt stress connected to climatic changes. We provide a list of possible genetic resources as sources of resistance or tolerant traits, together with the previous studies that focused on transferring genes from the germplasm to cultivated varieties. We explained the morphological and physiological aspects connected to hydric stresses, described the mechanisms that induce tolerance, and discussed the results of the main studies. Finally, we described more than 100 genes associated with tolerance to hydric stresses in the Triticeae. These were divided in agreement with their main function into osmotic adjustment and ionic and redox homeostasis. The understanding of a given gene function and expression pattern according to hydric stress is particularly important for the efficient selection of new tolerant genotypes in classical breeding. For this reason, the current review provides a crucial reference for future studies on the mechanism involved in hydric stress tolerance and the use of these genes in mark assistance selection (MAS) to select the wheat germplasm to face the climatic changes.

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