scholarly journals Morphological and Physiological Responses of Morus alba Seedlings under Different Light Qualities

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juwei HU ◽  
Xin DAI ◽  
Guangyu SUN
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Leaf Thickness ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Palisade Tissue

Light quality can influence the photosynthetic characteristics, morphology and physiological processes of plants. To investigate the effects of different light qualities (white light, W; red light, R; blue light, B; mixture of red and blue light, RB) of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and white cold fluorescent lamp on the growth and morphology of fruiting mulberry plants (Morus alba L. cv. ‘Longsang No.1’), fruiting mulberry plants were grown under different light qualities: W, R, B and RB of the same photosynthetic photo flux density (PPFD; 100 μmol m-2 s-1) for 20 d. Our results showed that stem length and leaf area of plants grown under R were the highest. However, stem length and leaf area of plants grown under B were lowest. Dry weights (DW), leaf mass per area (LMA), chlorophyll a/b ratio, soluble protein content, sucrose and starch content, and total leaf nitrogen (N) content of plants grown under R were the lowest. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) of plants grown under RB were similar to plants grown under W. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and ΦPSII of plants grown under R and B were lower than plants grown under W and RB. Antioxidant enzymes activity of plants grown under R, RB and B were higher than plants grown under W. The number of leaf stomata, leaf thickness, palisade tissue length and spongy tissue length were the lowest in plants grown under R. The number of leaf stomata, leaf thickness and palisade tissue length of plants grown under RB and B were higher than plants grown under R. The results of this study indicate that a certain ratio of mixed red and blue LEDs light can reduce adverse effects of monochromatic red and blue LEDs light on fruiting mulberry growth and development.

scholarly journals Changes in peanut canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics induced by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in a nutrient-poor environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinli Bi ◽  
Huili Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Tiller Angle ◽  
Amf Inoculation

AbstractA well-developed canopy structure can increase the biomass accumulation and yield of crops. Peanut seeds were sown in a soil inoculated with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and uninoculated controls were also sown. Canopy structure was monitored using a 3-D laser scanner and photosynthetic characteristics with an LI-6400 XT photosynthesis system after 30, 45 and 70 days of growth to explore the effects of the AMF on growth, canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics and yield. The AMF colonized the roots and AMF inoculation significantly increased the height, canopy width and total leaf area of the host plants and improved canopy structure. AMF reduced the tiller angle of the upper and middle canopy layers, increased that of the lower layer, reduced the leaf inclination of the upper, middle and lower layers, and increased the average leaf area and leaf area index after 45 days of growth, producing a well-developed and hierarchical canopy. Moreover, AMF inoculation increased the net photosynthetic rate in the upper, middle and lower layers. Plant height, canopy width, and total leaf area were positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate, and the inclination angle and tiller angle of the upper leaves were negatively correlated with net photosynthetic rate. Overall, the results demonstrate the effects of AMF inoculation on plant canopy structure and net photosynthetic rate.

scholarly journals Whole-Plant Response of Selected Woody Landscape Species to Uniconazole

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Mack Thetford
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Top Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Abstract Uniconazole was applied as a foliar spray or medium drench to six woody landscape species: ‘Sunglow’ azalea; flame azalea; ‘Spectabilis’ forsythia; ‘Compacta’ holly; ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly; and mountain pieris. One hundred days after uniconazole application, leaf, stem, and top dry weight of all species, except flame azalea and mountain pieris, decreased as uniconazole concentration increased. Compared to controls, stem and leaf dry weight were reduced by uniconazole 18 to 60% and 13 to 32%, respectively, depending on species and method of application. Stem dry weight was reduced to a greater degree, compared to leaf dry weight. For all species, drench application was more effective than foliar spray in reducing leaf, stem, and top dry weight. Leaf area of ‘Spectabilis’ forsythia and ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly decreased with increasing rates. However, specific leaf weight was not affected. Uniconazole did not significantly affect leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance or internal leaf CO2 concentrations in ‘Spectabilis’ forsythia or ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly. No phytotoxicity was observed on any species.

scholarly journals The endogenous responses during the flowering stage of Torenia fournieri L. under LED light

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-667
Author(s):  
Tuan Trong Tran ◽  
Doan Do Tuong Han ◽  
Nguyen Huu Ho ◽  
Duong Tan Nhut
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Torenia Fournieri ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Carbohydrate Source

The quality of light has played an important role not only in the vegetative growth, but also in the reproductive stage of the plant. Normally, the endogenous transformation has hardly been observed under the general condition. This study analyzed the endogenous changes, which were particularly influenced by the spectrum of light emitting diode (LED) with induction flowering time from 30th to 40th day. In the 40th day of the flowering process, when the average number of flower buds get the highest, endogenous carbohydrate content was decreased. However, in this phase, plants need more energy; therefore, the net photosynthetic rate tends to increase in order to supply energy for flowering. Throughout 40 days of culture, the net photosynthetic rate had an increase in the concentration of CO2. In particular, it reached the peak when being induced under the light combination ratio 7:3 of red and blue light (0.222 µmol mol-1 h-1). The sugar content also followed the same trajectory; however, it dropped at the end of the period. Among all the experiments, the ratio of red and blue light 5:5 resulted in the highest content of endogenous carbohydrate source (722.30 µg g-1). Moreover, the morphological anatomy of shoot apical meristem in flowering stage was also studied. The floral transition at meristem and floral architecture is as similar as that of Arabidopsis. A typical flower of T. fournieri also consists of a sequence: sepals – petals – stamens – carpels. The SAM is organized into three different zones such as the central zone (CZ), the peripheral zone (PZ) surrounding the CZ and the rib zone (RZ) underneath the CZ.

Comparative carbon dioxide exchange for two Populus clones grown in growth room, greenhouse, and field environments

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 924-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Nelson ◽  
Paul Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Unit Leaf Area ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Growth Room

Light-saturated net photosynthetic rates per unit leaf area were 1.6–2.1 times greater for the photosynthetically mature leaves of plants of two hybrid Populus clones (NC-5260, 'Tristis No.1' (Populustristis Fisch. × P. balsamifera L.); NC-5326, 'eugenei' (P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. × P. nigra L.)) grown in pots in the field than in comparable plants from a controlled environment growth room and a winter greenhouse. Stomatal resistances to CO2 in the field trees were only 0.4–0.6 of those in growth room and greenhouse trees. Mesophyll (residual) resistances to CO2 in field trees were 0.4–0.8 of those in growth room and greenhouse trees. Field plants had specific leaf weights 1.5–1.8 times higher than growth room and greenhouse plants, likely primarily owing to the greater average photosynthetic photon flux density in the field (835, 225, and 142 μE m−2 s−1 for field, growth room, and greenhouse conditions, respectively). When net photosynthetic rates (Ps) were corrected for the differences in specific leaf weights to derive net photosynthetic rate per unit leaf dry weight, the values were similar for plants from the three environments (Ps in field trees was 0.9–1.2 times Ps in growth room and greenhouse trees); gross photosynthetic rates per unit leaf weight were even more similar. Internal leaf CO2 concentrations, and photorespiration and dark respiration rates per unit leaf area were not related to growth environment. However, photorespiration rate as a percentage of net photosynthetic rate was lower in the field trees (12–16% in field trees, 19–24% in growth room trees, and 23–39% in greenhouse trees). Net photosynthetic rate was shown to be under strong genetic control in these clones. The effects of growth environment on variables of carbon exchange are sensitive to the basis of expression of those variables.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Photosynthetic Characters and Regulation Pattern of Photosynthesis Associated Gene in Two Mulberry Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 863-872
Author(s):  
Yong Li
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms

Photosynthetic characteristics and expression patterns of the photosynthesis-related genes in the high-yield mulberry variety E’Sang 1 (E1) and normal mulberry variety Husang 32 (H32) were investigated in this study. The observation of daily variation of photosynthesis in E1 and H32 indicated that the peak of net photosynthetic rate(Pn)inE1 variety was significantly higher than that inH32 (P <0.05). Meanwhile, the Pn-PAR and Pn-Ci responses of E1 and H32 were evaluated, and the results showed that the carboxylation efficiency and compensation saturation point were much higher in E1 rather thanH32. Importantly, the photosystem II actual photochemical efficiency and photochemical quenching coefficient in the leaves of E1 were significantly higher than those in H32 (P<0.05). Also, the activity of RuBP in E1 was higher than that in H32 (P >0.05). Based on the RNA-seq data, a total of 3,356 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected among different time points between E1 and H32. Of these, 1,136 DEGs were involved in the metabolic pathways, including three main photosynthesis-related metabolic pathways (i.e., carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, carbon metabolism, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism). Meanwhile, 10 novel DEGs related to photosynthesis were detected, and four potential key genes of them could account for the differences in net photosynthetic rate and yield betweenH32 and E1.This study could provide important insights into the molecular breeding of mulberry varieties with high photosynthetic efficiency and contribute to understanding the genetic mechanism of photosynthesis.© 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Physiological Advantages of Grafted Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Seedlings under Low-temperature Storage in Darkness

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 993-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Ding ◽  
Beibei Bie ◽  
Wu Jiang ◽  
Qingqing Duan ◽  
Hongmei Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Temperature Storage

Low-temperature storage in darkness is usually used for preserving seedlings for a short period. To investigate whether grafted watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai] seedlings are superior to non-grafted ones under low-temperature storage in darkness and to study their physiological differences during storage, watermelon (‘Zaojia 84-24’) scions were grafted to pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch. ‘Zhuangshi’) rootstocks. Carbohydrate levels; chlorophyll and malondialdehyde contents; the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase; and photochemical efficiency were assayed during 6 days of storage at 15 °C in darkness. After that, seedlings were transplanted into an artificial climate chamber. The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance (gS) were measured on the first and third days after transplanting. The results showed that the grafted watermelon seedlings had more soluble sugar and chlorophyll contents, higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, and less malondialdehyde content than the non-grafted ones after 6 days of storage. In addition, low-temperature storage in darkness damaged the photosystem II of non-grafted watermelon seedlings more than that of grafted ones. After transplanting, grafted seedlings had a higher net photosynthetic rate. The results suggest that grafted watermelon seedlings were more suitable for the low-temperature storage in darkness than the non-grafted ones.

scholarly journals Green light reduces elongation when partially replacing sole blue light independently from cryptochrome 1a

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Mehdi bisbis ◽  
Ep Heuvelink ◽  
Weijie Jiang ◽  
Leo F. M Marcelis
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density

Abstract Although green light is often neglected it can have several effects on plant growth and development. Green light is probably sensed by cryptochromes (crys), one of the blue light photoreceptor families. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible interaction between green and blue light and the involvement of crys in the green light response of plant photomorphogenesis. We hypothesize that green light effects on morphology only occur when crys are activated by the presence of blue light. Wild-type Moneymaker (MM), cry1a mutant (cry1a) and two CRY2 overexpressing transgenic lines (CRY2-OX3 and CRY2-OX8) of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were grown in a climate chamber without or with green light (30 µmol m− 2 s− 1) on backgrounds of sole red, sole blue and red/blue mixture, with all treatments having the same photosynthetic photon flux density of 150 µmol m− 2 s− 1. Green light showed no significant effect on biomass accumulation, nor on leaf photosynthesis and leaf characteristics such as leaf area, specific leaf area, and chlorophyll content. However, in all genotypes, green light significantly decreased stem length on a sole blue background, whereas green light did not affect stem length on sole red and red/blue mixture background. MM, cry1a and CRY2-OX3/8 plants all exhibited similar responses of stem elongation to green light, indicating that cry1a, and probably cry2, is not involved in this green light effect. We conclude that partially replacing blue light by green light reduces elongation and that this is independent of cry1a.

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