A Study on the Biological Control of Fusarium oxysporum Using Trichoderma spp., on Soil and Rockwool Substrates in Controlled Environment

Medicinal plant cultivation in Controlled Environment (CE) is increasing in the context of the new findings concerning the abiotic stress factors manipulation that leads to a significant increment in bioactive substances. Pathogen control is a vital part of the cultivation system, therefore the study was focused on biological methods of controlling a frequently occurring disease, by inoculating the sterile substrates specific in hydroponics, with the beneficial organism. Hypericum perforatum seedlings were inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum and with Trichoderma spp. The results showed that the method of inoculation had a significant effect on the success of the biological control. The plants treated with Trichoderma spp. had a two-fold increase in foliar biomass and better development of roots than the plants inoculated with the pathogen. Morphologically there were no significant differences, with some notable exceptions. The health status of the seedlings inoculated with the pathogen showed signs of the disease, even in the presence of Trichoderma spp. Finally, determinations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at the root level showed that the biotic stress was considerable higher in the rockwool substrate that increased the secondary metabolism giving new perspectives in the cultivation of medicinal plants in CEA.

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Biological control of black pepper and ginger pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophthora capsici, using Trichoderma spp

Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology ◽

10.1016/j.bcab.2018.11.021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 177-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. Mousumi Das ◽

M. Haridas ◽

A. Sabu

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Phytophthora Capsici ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Trichoderma Spp

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Characterization and virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense cause wilt disease in banana plants and its biological control using endophytic fungi Trichoderma spp. at West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/886/1/012016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 886 (1) ◽

pp. 012016

Author(s):

I Made Sudantha

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Plant Tissue ◽

Endemic Area ◽

Wilt Disease ◽

Banana Plant ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Different Characteristics

Abstract One of the obstacles in developing banana plants is the presence of Fusarium wilt disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp cubense. This fungus is difficult to control because it has a survival structure in the form of chlamydospores that can survive as a saprophyte. One way to control it is biologically using the antagonist endophytic fungi Trichoderma spp. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and virulence of the fungus F. oxysporum f. sp cubense and its control using the endophytic fungi Trichoderma spp. The study used an exploratory method carried out in an endemic area of Fusarium wilt disease to isolate the fungus F. oxysporum f. sp cubense and the endophytic fungi Trichoderma spp. in the banana plant tissue. The research was continued in the laboratory, in the greenhouse, and in the field to test the effectiveness of the fungi Trichoderma spp. The results showed that seven isolates of the fungus F. oxysporum f sp cubense with different characteristics. Six isolates of the endophytic fungi Trichoderma spp. which is effective in suppressing the growth of the fungus F. oxysporum f. sp cubense, namely T. harzianum, T. koningii, T. aureoviride, T. hamatum, T. viride, and T. piluliferum.

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Influence of extra feed on change in the functional state of apple tree leaf under the influence of abiotic stress factors of the summer period

Scientific Works of North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture Viticulture Wine-making ◽

10.30679/2587-9847-2020-30-60-66 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 60-66

Author(s):

G.K. Kiseleva ◽

◽

N.I. Nenko ◽

V.P. Popova ◽

A.V. Karavaeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Functional State ◽

Apple Tree ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Summer Period ◽

Abiotic Stress Factors ◽

Tree Leaf

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GRAFTED TOMATOES – ECOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVE FOR CHEMICAL DISINFECTION OF SOIL

GEOLINKS Conference proceedings, Book 1 Volume 2 ◽

10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/21 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dorin Sora ◽

Mădălina Doltu

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Abiotic Stress Factors ◽

Increase Productivity ◽

Tomato Cultivars ◽

Chemical Disinfection

This study aimed to identification of an ecological alternative for the chemical disinfection of soil in the greenhouses from Romania. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most popular vegetable crops in the world. The carbohydrate, vitamins, salts of important mineral elements and organic acids content of tomato fruits is very important. Tomato crops are very sensitive to climatic vagaries, so fluctuation in climatic parameters at any phase of growth can affect the yield and the fruit quality. Grafting on Solanaceae is a method which has improved and spread quickly during the past years, a similar approach to crop rotation, a practice meant to increase productivity, resistance or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress factors and at increasing fruit quality. The research was conducted in a glass greenhouse of the Horting Institute, Bucharest, Romania. The biological material used was a Romanian tomato hybrid (Siriana F1), a Dutch tomato hybrid (Abellus F1) and four rootstocks, a Dutch tomato hybrid (Emperador F1) and three Romanian tomato cultivars (L542, L543 and L544) obtained from the Research and Development Station for Vegetable Growing, Buzău, Romania. The rootstocks have had resistance to biotic stress factors (soil diseases and pests) and the chemical disinfection of soil has was eliminated. The result of this research are presented in this paper.

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Antioxidant and Signaling Role of Plastid-Derived Isoprenoid Quinones and Chromanols

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22062950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 2950

Author(s):

Beatrycze Nowicka ◽

Agnieszka Trela-Makowej ◽

Dariusz Latowski ◽

Kazimierz Strzalka ◽

Renata Szymańska

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Oxygenic Photosynthesis ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Main Site ◽

Storage Lipids ◽

Abiotic Stress Factors ◽

Cell Components ◽

And Function

Plant prenyllipids, especially isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, are very efficient low-molecular-weight lipophilic antioxidants, protecting membranes and storage lipids from reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are byproducts of aerobic metabolism that can damage cell components, they are also known to play a role in signaling. Plants are particularly prone to oxidative damage because oxygenic photosynthesis results in O2 formation in their green tissues. In addition, the photosynthetic electron transfer chain is an important source of ROS. Therefore, chloroplasts are the main site of ROS generation in plant cells during the light reactions of photosynthesis, and plastidic antioxidants are crucial to prevent oxidative stress, which occurs when plants are exposed to various types of stress factors, both biotic and abiotic. The increase in antioxidant content during stress acclimation is a common phenomenon. In the present review, we describe the mechanisms of ROS (singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) production in chloroplasts in general and during exposure to abiotic stress factors, such as high light, low temperature, drought and salinity. We highlight the dual role of their presence: negative (i.e., lipid peroxidation, pigment and protein oxidation) and positive (i.e., contribution in redox-based physiological processes). Then we provide a summary of current knowledge concerning plastidic prenyllipid antioxidants belonging to isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, as well as their structure, occurrence, biosynthesis and function both in ROS detoxification and signaling.

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Biological control of Fusarium wilt of cucumber with nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m87-061 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 349-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

T. C. Paulitz ◽

C. S. Park ◽

R. Baker

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Control Activity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cucumber Roots ◽

Linear Regressions

Nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were obtained from surface-disinfested, symptomless cucumber roots grown in two raw (nonautoclaved) soils. These isolates were screened for pathogenicity and biological control activity against Fusarium wilt of cucumber in raw soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (F.o.c.). The influence of three isolates effective in inducing suppressiveness and three ineffective isolates on disease incidence over time was tested. The effective isolates reduced the infection rate (R), based on linear regressions of data transformed to loge (1/1 – y). Effective isolate C5 was added to raw soil infested with various inoculum densities of F.o.c. In treatments without C5, the increase in inoculum densities of F.o.c. decreased the incubation period of wilt disease, but there was no significant difference in infection rate among the inoculum density treatments. Isolate C5 reduced the infection rate at all inoculum densities of F.o.c. Various inoculum densities of C5 were added to raw soils infested with 1000 cfu/g of F.o.c. In the first trial, infection rates were reduced only in the treatment with 10 000 cfu/g of C5; in the second trial, infection rates were reduced in treatments with 10 000 and 30 000 cfu/g of C5.

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Trichoderma asperelloides Suppresses Nitric Oxide Generation Elicited by Fusarium oxysporum in Arabidopsis Roots

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-06-13-0160-r ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 307-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Kapuganti J. Gupta ◽

Luis A. J. Mur ◽

Yariv Brotman

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

No Production ◽

Disease Development ◽

Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Promote Plant Growth ◽

Induced Genes ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Lectin Protein

Inoculations with saprophytic fungus Trichoderma spp. are now extensively used both to promote plant growth and to suppress disease development. The underlying mechanisms for both roles have yet to be fully described so that the use of Trichoderma spp. could be optimized. Here, we show that Trichoderma asperelloides effects include the manipulation of host nitric oxide (NO) production. NO was rapidly formed in Arabidopsis roots in response to the soil-borne necrotrophic pathogen Fusarium oxysporum and persisted for about 1 h but is only transiently produced (approximately 10 min) when roots interact with T. asperelloides (T203). However, inoculation of F. oxysporum–infected roots with T. asperelloides suppressed F. oxysporum–initiated NO production. A transcriptional study of 78 NO-modulated genes indicated most genes were suppressed by single and combinational challenge with F. oxysporum or T. asperelloides. Only two F. oxysporum–induced genes were suppressed by T. asperelloides inoculation undertaken either 10 min prior to or after pathogen infection: a concanavlin A-like lectin protein kinase (At4g28350) and the receptor-like protein RLP30. Thus, T. asperelloides can actively suppress NO production elicited by F. oxysporum and impacts on the expression of some genes reported to be NO-responsive. Of particular interest was the reduced expression of receptor-like genes that may be required for F. oxysporum–dependent necrotrophic disease development.

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Biological Control of Fusarium Wilt in Tomato Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by AMF Glomus intraradices and some Rhizobacteria

Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0434.2005.01018.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 153 (9) ◽

pp. 544-550 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

A. Akkopru ◽

S. Demir

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Glomus Intraradices

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Jute Responses and Tolerance to Abiotic Stress: Mechanisms and Approaches

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10081595 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1595

Author(s):

Khussboo Rahman ◽

Naznin Ahmed ◽

Md. Rakib Hossain Raihan ◽

Farzana Nowroz ◽

Faria Jannat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Growth Physiology ◽

Abiotic Stress Factors ◽

Hot And Humid Climates ◽

Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽

Cold Metal

Jute (Corchorus spp.) belongs to the Malvaceae family, and there are two species of jute, C. capsularis and C. olitorious. It is the second-largest natural bast fiber in the world according to production, which has diverse uses not only as a fiber but also as multiple industrial materials. Because of climate change, plants experience various stressors such as salt, drought, heat, cold, metal/metalloid toxicity, and flooding. Although jute is particularly adapted to grow in hot and humid climates, it is grown under a wide variety of climatic conditions and is relatively tolerant to some environmental adversities. However, abiotic stress often restricts its growth, yield, and quality significantly. Abiotic stress negatively affects the metabolic activities, growth, physiology, and fiber yield of jute. One of the major consequences of abiotic stress on the jute plant is the generation of reactive oxygen species, which lead to oxidative stress that damages its cellular organelles and biomolecules. However, jute’s responses to abiotic stress mainly depend on the plant’s age and type and duration of stress. Therefore, understanding the abiotic stress responses and the tolerance mechanism would help plant biologists and agronomists in developing climate-smart jute varieties and suitable cultivation packages for adverse environmental conditions. In this review, we summarized the best possible recent literature on the plant abiotic stress factors and their influence on jute plants. We described the possible approaches for stress tolerance mechanisms based on the available literature.

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Molecular aspects of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) vascular wilt by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and antagonism by Trichoderma spp.

Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología Mexican Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.18781/r.mex.fit.2106-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Paula Andrea Castillo-Sanmiguel ◽

Laura Rocío Cortés-Sánchez ◽

Jovanna Acero-Godoy

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Vascular Wilt ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Synthetic Chemicals ◽

Efficient Alternative ◽

Molecular Aspects ◽

The One

Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) are susceptible to the infection by diverse pathogens that cause devastating diseases such as vascular wilt, which causes great losses at the production level. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) is one of the etiologic agents of this disease and its control lies in the use of synthetic chemicals which generate a negative impact in both health and the environment; thus, it is necessary to implement biological control as a healthier and more efficient alternative. The fungus Trichoderma spp. is a favorable option to be employed as a biocontroller against this pathogen thanks to its antagonist mechanisms, determined by metabolic and genetic characteristics. On the one hand, for Fol it is indispensable the activation of signaling routes such as MAPK Fmk1, MAPK Mpk1 y HOG, while Trichoderma spp. uses effectors involved in the interaction with the plant such as proteins, enzymes and secondary metabolites that also strengthen its immune response against infection, determined by both Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMP) and effectors. Therefore, this article makes a review about the mentioned characteristics and suggests a greater application of tools and molecular markers for the management of this disease.

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