Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Characterization of a Non-Polar Extract of Saffron Stamens in Food Matrix

The production of saffron spice generates large quantities of plant by-products: over 90% of the plant material collected is discarded, and a consideration fraction of this waste is plant stamens. This work investigated the chemical composition and the antimicrobial activities of the non-polar fraction extracted from four different saffron flower stamens. The chemical composition of ethereal extracts of the saffron stamens was qualitatively assessed by means of gas–chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. These analyses revealed ethereal extracts to possess a high polyunsaturated fatty acid content. In vitro antibacterial activity of stamen extracts showed no large differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in terms of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). In food matrix microbial analysis of the bacterial strains belonging to the main foodborne pathogen species, including Staphylococcus aureus DSM 20231, Escherichia coli DSM 30083, and Listeria monocytogenes DSM 20600, using low-fat UHT milk, revealed a statistically significant reduction in the number of cells (particularly for E. coli and S. aureus with a complete elimination of the population of the two target bacteria following incubation in diethyl ether extracts of saffron stamen (DES) at high concentrations tested, both at 37 °C and 6 °C (for 48 h and 7 days, respectively). A synergic effect was observed when the pathogens were incubated at 6 °C with DES. This work shows these by-products to be excellent sources of bioactive compounds, which could be exploited in high-added-value products, such as food, cosmetics, and drugs.

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Wood processing industry by-products as a source of natural bioactive compounds

Energy & Environment ◽

10.1177/0958305x20919939 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 0958305X2091993

Author(s):

Maria Celeiro ◽

J Pablo Lamas ◽

Rosa Arcas ◽

Marta Lores

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Industrial Process ◽

Added Value ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Cherry Tree ◽

Wood Processing ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽

By Products

The chemical composition of several by-products, chips, screw waters, and concentrates from a fiberboards manufacture green industrial process, which only employs wood and water, was deeply evaluated. The three by-products analyzed represent different steps of the industrial process. In addition, different types of wood: pine, walnut, chestnut, oak and cherry tree, were evaluated. For all of them, total polyphenols content, and antioxidant activity have been assessed, showing significant differences. To characterize the volatile compounds, an environmentally friendly technique, solid-phase microextraction has been employed. Besides, aqueous and generally recognized as safe organic extracts obtained from the by-products have been prepared, and their chromatographic fingerprint was obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify extractable organic wood components. Significant differences were observed between the studied by-products and wood types. More than 30 different compounds were successfully identified in the screw waters, and concentrates, including terpenes, sesquiterpenes, or polyphenols. Regarding the obtained extracts, up to 30 compounds were identified in the chips, screw waters, and concentrate extracts, highlighting the presence of 13 polyphenols in the cherry tree chips and more than 20 compounds with interesting properties in the concentrate extracts. This work contributes to improve the knowledge about the chemical composition of several wood industry by-products, which could be exploited to obtain natural extracts with added value for their reuse in the food, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical industry, reducing also the environmental impact of the industrial activity.

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Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil from Artemisia herba-alba Growing Wild in Tunisia

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800333 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ismail Amri ◽

Laura De Martino ◽

Aurelio Marandino ◽

Hamrouni Lamia ◽

Hanana Mohsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Lepidium Sativum ◽

Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Main Components

Aromatic plants can interfere in the Mediterranean ecosystem, mainly by the introduction in the environment of volatile compounds. For this reason, we studied the chemical composition and the possible phytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil extracted from leaves of Tunisian Artemisia herba-alba Asso. The chemical composition of the essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In all, 24 compounds were identified. The main components were camphor (39.1.%), chrysanthenone (15.0%) and cis-thujone (7.8%). The essential oil was evaluated for its in vitro phytotoxic activity against germination and initial radical growth of Raphanus sativus L., Lepidium sativum L., Sinapis arvensis L., Triticum durum L. and Phalaris canariensis L. seeds. The radicle elongation of the five seeds was affected to different extents by the oil, while germination was not affected. The oil, when tested against eight selected bacterial strains, showed low antimicrobial activity. The chemical composition of the oil of A. herba-alba can help in the chemosystematics of this complex genus. However, the recorded biological activities seem to be neither ecologically nor medicinally significant.

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In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Libanotis montana Essential Oil in Combination with Conventional Antibiotics

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400900238 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dragoljub L. Miladinović ◽

Budimir S. Ilić ◽

Tatjana M. Mihajilov-Krstev ◽

Jovana L. Jović ◽

Marija S. Marković

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

The chemical composition and antibacterial activity were examined of Libanotis montana Crantz subsp. leiocarpa (Heuff.) Soó. (Apiaceae) essential oil. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to analyze the chemical composition of the oil. The antibacterial activity was investigated by the broth microdilution method against thirteen bacterial strains. The interactions of the essential oil and three standard antibiotics: tetracycline, streptomycin and chloramphenicol toward five selected strains were evaluated using the microdilution checkerboard assay in combination with chemometric methods: principal components analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the most abundant compound class in the oil (67.2%), with β-elemene (40.4%) as the major compound. The essential oil exhibited slight antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains in vitro, but the combinations L. montana oil-chloramphenicol and L. montana oil-tetracycline exhibited mostly either synergistic or additive interactions. These combinations reduced the minimum effective dose of the antibiotics and, consequently, minimized their adverse side effects. In contrast, the association of L. montana essential oil and streptomycin was characterized by strong antagonistic interactions against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. In the PCA and HCA analyses, streptomycin stood out and formed a separate group.

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Chemical Composition and Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Lavender Essential Oil and Some By-Products

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10091829 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1829

Author(s):

Alexandru Ciocarlan ◽

Lucian Lupascu ◽

Aculina Aricu ◽

Ion Dragalin ◽

Violeta Popescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Residual Water ◽

By Products

The producers of essential oils from the Republic of Moldova care about the quality of their products and at the same time, try to capitalize on the waste from processing. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the chemical composition of lavender (Lavanda angustifolia L.) essential oil and some by-products derived from its production (residual water, residual herbs), as well as to assess their “in vitro” antimicrobial activity. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils produced by seven industrial manufacturers led to the identification of 41 constituents that meant 96.80–99.79% of the total. The main constituents are monoterpenes (84.08–92.55%), followed by sesquiterpenes (3.30–13.45%), and some aliphatic compounds (1.42–3.90%). The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis allowed the quantification of known triterpenes, ursolic, and oleanolic acids, in freshly dried lavender plants and in the residual by-products after hydrodistillation of the essential oil. The lavender essential oil showed good antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Xanthomonas campestris, Erwinia carotovora at 300 μg/mL concentration, and Erwinia amylovora, Candida utilis at 150 μg/mL concentration, respectively. Lavender plant material but also the residual water and ethanolic extracts from the solid waste residue showed high antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium chrysogenum, Bacillus sp., and Pseudomonas aeroginosa strains, at 0.75–6.0 μg/mL, 0.08–0.125 μg/mL, and 0.05–4.0 μg/mL, respectively.

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oil From Salvia mirzayanii Leaves

Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2156587217717414 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 770-776 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kamiar Zomorodian ◽

Mahmoodreza Moein ◽

Keyvan Pakshir ◽

Forough Karami ◽

Zahra Sabahi

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Antifungal Activities ◽

Global Challenge ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

Resistance of many pathogens to available drugs is a global challenge and is leading to growing interest in natural alternative products. In this study, chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the essential oil from Salvia mirzayanii were investigated. The chemical constituents of essential oil from S mirzayanii were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity was determined by broth microdilution. The main identified compounds were 1,8-cineole (41.2 ± 1.3%), linalool acetate (11.0 ± 0.5%), and α-terpinyl acetate (6.0 ± 0.4%) (mL of essential oil/g of plant material). The MIC95 were 0.03 to 0.5 µL/mL and 16 to 128 µL/mL for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively. These results indicated that Salvia mirzayanii essential oil significantly inhibited the growth of standard and clinically isolated tested yeasts by MIC50 0.03 to 1 µL/mL. Potent antibacterial and antifungal activities of Salvia mirzayanii essential oil may be considered in future study, particularly against antibiotic-resistant cases.

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Assessment of the Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antimicrobial Potential of Extracts of the Liverwort Scapania Aspera

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800932 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800

Author(s):

Danka R. Bukvicki ◽

Amit K. Tyagi ◽

Davide G. Gottardi ◽

Milan M. Veljic ◽

Snezana M. Jankovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Spoilage Microorganisms ◽

Broth Dilution

The chemical composition of Scapania aspera extracts was determined by solid phase micro extraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME GC-MS) and 96 constituents were identified. The dominant compounds in the methanol extract were β-barbatene (25.1%), o-cymene (14.0%), α-barbatene (5.7%), allo-aromadendrene (4.9%) and β-bourbonene, while in the ethanol extract, o-cymene (17.8%), β-barbatene (17.6%), α-thujene (6.7%), octen-1-ol acetate (4.9%) and β-bazzanene (2.4%) were the major components. In the ethyl acetate extract, β-barbatene (14.3%), undecane (11.8%), 2-methyldecane (11.2%), decane (10.9%) and o-cymene (3.6%) were major components. The antimicrobial activity of the different extracts was evaluated against pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms using disc diffusion and micro-broth dilution methods. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts of S. aspera varied from 0.4 to 1.5 mg/mL and 1 to 3 mg/mL for yeast and bacterial strains, respectively. The zone of inhibition of the methanol extract for yeast strains was higher than that for bacterial strains. The results suggest that S. aspera extracts have potential as natural antimicrobial agents.

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Chemical Composition of Fatty Acid and Unsaponifiable Fractions of Leaves, Stems and Roots of Arbutus unedo and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Unsaponifiable Extracts

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1000500721 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohamed Amine Dib ◽

Julien Paolini ◽

Mourad Bendahou ◽

Laurent Varesi ◽

Hocine Allali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Arbutus Unedo ◽

Long Chain

The chemical composition of the fatty acid and unsaponifiable fractions of the leaves, stems and roots of Arbutus unedo L. were determined using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fatty acid fractions of the leaves, stems and roots contained 38.5%, 31.3% and 14.1% palmitic acid, respectively, along with other long-chain fatty acids (up to C22). The chemical composition of the unsaponifiable fractions differed: the leaf and stem fractions contained high levels of aliphatic (32.1% and 62.6%, respectively) and terpenic compounds (49.6% and 25.7%, respectively), and the root fraction mainly contained esters, of which the most abundant was benzyl cinnamate (36.6%). The antimicrobial activities of the unsaponifiable fractions against nine species of microorganisms were assessed. The unsaponifiable leaf and stem extracts inhibited the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans.

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Synthesis, lipophilicity and antimicrobial activity evaluation of some new thiazolyl-oxadiazolines

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports ◽

10.15386/cjmed-473 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 521-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cristina Ioana Stoica ◽

Ioana Ionuț ◽

Adrian Pîrnău ◽

Carmen Pop ◽

Ancuța Rotar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Principal Component ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Pca Method ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Layer Chromatography

Background and aims. Synthesis of new potential antimicrobial agents and evaluation of their lipophilicity.Methods. Ten new thiazolyl-oxadiazoline derivatives were synthesized and their structures were validated by 1H-NMR and mass spectrometry. The lipophilicity of the compounds was evaluated using the principal component analysis (PCA) method. The necessary data for applying this method were obtained by reverse-phase thin-layer chromatography (RP-TLC). The antimicrobial activities were tested in vitro against four bacterial strains and one fungal strain.Results. The lipophilicity varied with the structure but could not be correlated with the antimicrobial activity, since this was modest.Conclusions. We have synthesized ten new heterocyclic compounds. After their physical and chemical characterization, we determined their lipophilicity and screened their antimicrobial activity.

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Chemical composition and anti-microbial analysis of Mentha arvensis L. and Thymus linearis Benth. essential oils of leaves

ROMANIAN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL LETTERS ◽

10.25083/rbl/26.5/2893.2900 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 2893-2900

Author(s):

SAJIDA BIBI ◽

◽

SHAHAB ALI ◽

SHAHI DIN ◽

IKRAM ULLAH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Compositional Data ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Mentha Arvensis ◽

Microbial Analysis ◽

First Time

This study was performed to evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oils of Mentha arvensis and Thymus linearis and their antimicrobial activities. The complexity of the essential oils is a basic challenge for determining their reliable and accurate compositional data. Rapid advances in spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques have resolved this challenge to a large extent by examining essential oils. Essential oils were analyzed through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) following extraction through steam distillation from their leaves for the first time in Miandam, District Swat, KP, Pakistan. The GC-MS analysis revealed 26 and 25 components in the essential oil of Mentha arvensis and Thymus linearis respectively. The major components were carvone (23.53%), P-Cymen-2-ol (20.35%), and caryophyllene oxide (18.81%) in Mentha arvensis but Thymus linearis has Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methyl phenol) (40%), O-Cymene (2-Isopropyltoluene) (14.95%) and beta-bisbolene (12.54%). The essential oils of both plants showed bactericidal activities against five different bacterial strains (i.e. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klesiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) during disc diffusion method and therefore it is suggested that they may be used as a natural antiseptic and could play important roles in food and pharmaceutical industry.

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By-Products of Camu-Camu [Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh] as Promising Sources of Bioactive High Added-Value Food Ingredients: Functionalization of Yogurts

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25010070 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 70 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Natália Conceição ◽

Bianca R. Albuquerque ◽

Carla Pereira ◽

Rúbia C. G. Corrêa ◽

Camila B. Lopes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Food System ◽

Food Additives ◽

Added Value ◽

Phenolic Profile ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

Myrciaria Dubia ◽

By Products ◽

Fruit Part

Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh) is a fruit economically relevant to the Amazon region, mostly consumed in the form of processed pulp. Our aim was to perform an unprecedented comparative study on the chemical composition and bioactivities of the camu-camu pulp and industrial bio-residues (peel and seed), and then the most promising fruit part was further explored as a functionalized ingredient in yogurt. A total of twenty-three phenolic compounds were identified, with myricetin-O-pentoside and cyanindin-3-O-glucoside being the main compounds in peels, followed by p-coumaroyl hexoside in the pulp, and ellagic acid in the seeds. The peel displayed the richest phenolic profile among samples, as well as the most significant antibacterial (MICs = 0.625–10 mg/mL) and anti-proliferative (GI50 = 180 µg/mL against HeLa cells) activities. For this reason, it was selected to be introduced in a food system (yogurt). Taken together, our results suggest the possibility of using the camu-camu peel as a source of food additives.

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