scholarly journals Effect of Salt Stress on Germination and Growth Parameters of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinbode Foluso OLOGUNDUDU ◽  
Adekunle Ajayi ADELUSI ◽  
Richard Olutayo AKINWALE
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties

The response of eight varieties of Oryza sativa L. (‘NERICA 1’, ‘NERICA 5’, ‘NERICA 12’, ‘NERICA 19’, ‘IR 29’, ‘IR 20’, ‘IWA 11’, and ‘POKKALI’, a salt tolerant check) against four salinity levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 ds m-1) were studied at germination and early growth stages. Data were analyzed using Statistical Analytical System (SAS) and means were separated by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for Final Germination Percentage (FGP), Speed of Germination (SG), Germination Energy Percentage (GE%), shoot and root length and root and shoot dry weight. Based on dry matter yield reduction, rice varieties were classified as tolerant (T), moderately tolerant (MT), moderately susceptible (MS) or susceptible (S). Germination was not recorded at 20 ds m-1 salt concentration in all cultivars. Salinity decreased FGP, SG, GE% and led to reduction in shoot and root length and dry weight in all varieties and the magnitude of reduction increased with increasing salinity stress. Rice varieties ‘NERICA 12’, ‘IR 20’, ‘IWA 11’ and ‘NERICA 19’ showed greater salt tolerance during germination (germinated at 10 ds m-1 salinity). However, ‘NERICA 1’, ‘IR 29’, and ‘IR 20’ performed better based on dry matter yield reduction. The result suggested that ‘NERICA 1’, ‘IR 29’, and ‘IR 20’ might be used for further study of salinity effect on growth processes and physiological consequences at advanced stage of growth. The physiological responses of rice plants to salinity at various developmental stages are therefore critical for identifying salinity tolerance in the cultivars.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity on Emergence and Early Growth Stages of Aromatic and Non-Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Ghulam Sarwar Channa ◽  
Abdul Razak Mahar ◽  
Lnayatullah Rajpar ◽  
Abdul Hafeez Memon ◽  
Muneer Ali Bhagat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Improved Performance

Salinity hampers the production of many field crops in the region including rice (Oryza sativa L.), while commonly classified as salt sensitive within the same species, the level of sensitivity varies between genotypes. This study investigated the salinity tolerance of 28 rice genotypes, including 9 aromatics and 19 non-aromatics. Sixty seeds of each genotype were initially sown in trays (24x18 inches) during the 1st week of June, by of using four salt treatments (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM NaCl+CaCl2 @ 20:1). The experiment was laid down in a completely randomized design with four replicates in laboratory conditions, at Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Sindh, for the period of twenty-five days. A significant reduction in agro-morphological parameters was observed against all salinity levels. Based on reduction in dry matter yield, all rice genotypes were found tolerant at 40 mM. Eleven rice genotypes were found tolerant, fourteen were moderately tolerant, one was moderately sensitive and remaining two genotypes were found sensitive at 80 mM salinity level. Furthermore, none of the genotypes were able to with stand 120 mM of salinity. The genotypes Khushboo, DR-83 and Mahek performed meager and showed more than 50% reduction over control and categorised as sensitive, with the genotypes Latifee, DR-67 and DR-92, DR-51 and  IR-6 are categorised as tolerant with a reduction of less than 20% over control based on dry matter yield reduction against all salinity treatments at the early seedling stage. However, these genotypes cannot be justified as tolerant only on the basis of their improved performance at early growth stage. Hence, these genotypes are suggested to be studied further at other advanced growth stages up to maturity to evaluate their response under a saline environment.    

scholarly journals Determination of germination and seedling growth parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under stress conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-701
Author(s):  
Fatih ÖNER ◽  
Ayşe Ö. Ş. SOYSAL
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Stress Levels

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food for more than half of the world’s population. Globally, rice is grown on approximately 160 million hectares with an average annual production of 740.96 million tonnes. Salinity is an important abiotic factor for germination. In this study rice varieties were analysed for salt stress tolerance at germination growth stage. The response of eight rice varieties against six (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 mM NaCl) salinity levels were studied at germination stage. Seeds of eight rice varieties (‘Yatkin’, ‘Miss-2013 Passali’, ‘Kale’, ‘Manyas Yildizi’, ‘Efe’, ‘Biga Incisi’ and ‘Osmancik-97’) were kept under six salt stress levels. Number of seeds germinated (number), germination rate (%), average germination time, fresh and dry weight of germinated seeds (g), fresh and dry weight of the coleoptile (g), fresh and dry weight of the radicle (g), the length of the coleoptile and radicle (mm) were recorded. The results showed that with increasing salt stress, germination in all the varieties was delayed. The increase in salt stress also reduced every measured trait significantly in all the varieties. Maximum germination percentage (100%) was observed in ‘Biga Incisi’ under all the salt stress levels. Our research data would be helpful for identification of the tolerant varieties which can be studied further in terms of economically.

scholarly journals Mitigation of salt stress in rice plant at germination stage by using methyl jasmonate

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakil Mahmud ◽  
Shayla Sharmin ◽  
Bishan Lal Das Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Anowar Hossain ◽  
Muhammad Javidul Haque Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Biochemical Component ◽  
Germination Stage

To explore the possibility of using methyl jasmonate (MeJA) for alleviation of salt stress, the present study was conducted where six rice varieties (BRRI dhan31, BRRI dhan46, Gota, Kajalsail, Pokkali and Pengek) were grown in non saline (0 dSm-1), saline (12 dSm-1), saline (12 dSm-1) + 10 ?M MeJA and saline (12 dSm-1) + 20 ?M MeJA conditions at germination stage (till the 9 days). MeJA was applied by imbibing seeds in it for 24 hours. To evaluate the effect of MeJA on saline stressed plant at germination stage, change in growth parameters namely germination percentage, shoot and root length, fresh and dry wt. of shoot, fresh and dry wt. of root and biochemical component- activity of alpha-amylase were monitored. Salinity had a minimum effect on final germination percentage (FGP) of rice varieties, but delayed in attaining it. MeJA had least positive effect. Salinity significantly reduced the shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of all the varieties. MeJA had more decreasing effect in susceptible varieties while increasing effect in moderately tolerant and tolerant. Activity of alpha-amylase in germinated seed varied from 0.051 mg to 0.111 mg mal./mg tissue. At 12dSm-1 salinity, susceptible and moderately tolerant varieties showed significant reduction but tolerant showed significant increase. MeJA intensified the negative effect further in susceptible varieties. In tolerant and moderately tolerant varieties, increment in activity took place and 10 ?M had a better effect over 20 ?M MeJA.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 74-81

scholarly journals Biological activity of chitosan inducing resistance efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.) after treatment with fungal based chitosan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vethamonickam Stanley-Raja ◽  
Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan ◽  
Kanagaraj Muthu-Pandian Chanthini ◽  
Haridoss Sivanesh ◽  
Ramakrishnan Ramasubramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Fungal Chitosan ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Better Than

AbstractReduced pathogen resistance and management of the left-over rice stubble are among the most important challenges faced in rice cultivation. A novel and eco-friendly strategy to synthesise ‘Fungal Chitosan’ (FC) from Aspergillus niger using rice straw could serve as a sustainable treatment approach to improve both disease resistance and yields, while also effectively managing the rice stubble waste. The FC treatment promoted germination as well as growth parameters in rice varieties, TN1 (high yielding-susceptible) and PTB33 (low yielding-resistant) better than a commercial chitosan (PC). Treatments of exogenously applied FC to plants produced direct toxicity to Xoo, and reduced the BLB disease index by 39.9% in TN1. The capability of FC to trigger a cascade of defense pathways was evident from the measurable changes in the kinetics of defense enzymes, peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). FC treatment increased levels of POD in TN1 by 59.4%, which was 35.3% greater than that of untreated PTB33. Therefore, the study demonstrated the effectiveness of FC treatments for use in agriculture as a potential biostimulant as well as protective agent against bacterial leaf blight, BLB, of rice (Oryza sativa) that could be produced from stubble waste and improve rice stubble management strategies.

scholarly journals Growth parameters and yield attributing characters of PR-118 (V1) and PR-116 (V2) varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by different planting methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 755-762
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
L. K. Dhaliwal
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Planting Method

Field experiments were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab) to study the effect of different agronomic aspects of bed planting on growth and yield of rice during Kharif seasons of 2012 and 2013. The 30 days old seedlings of both rice varieties PR-118 (V1) and PR-116 (V2) were transplanted on 15th June (D1), 30th June (D2) and 15th July (D3). The two rice varieties were transplanted under bed planting (M1) and conventional planting (M2) methods respectively. The results showed that growth parameters like number of tillers per plant, dry weight per plant leaf area index (LAI) and plant height were significantly higher in bed planting than conventional method. In bed planting method, grain yield of rice (48.82q/h) was found to be more than the conventional method (35.74 q/h) during 2012.Varieties PR-118 yielded 47.61q/h more than PR-116 (39.97 q/h) in bed planting. Yield contributing characters like number of effective tillers, number of grains per plant and 1000-grain weight of rice were more in bed planting than conventional method. Harvest index and biological yield was also found to be more in bed planting method than conventional planting. Rice transplanted on 15th June yielded (50.15q/h) more than 30th June (41.45q/h) and 15th July (35.27q/h). Similar results were found in Kharif 2013. Interaction between dates of transplanting and varieties and between varieties and planting methods were found significant.

scholarly journals Effect of Silicate Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Two Local Indonesian Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Widjajanto ◽  
Sumarsono . ◽  
Endang Dwi Purbajanti
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Beneficial Elements

Background: The beneficial elements availability such as silicon was determined rice growth and yield. Rice requires a different dose of silicon during the growing period. Experiment was aimed to investigate the effect of silicate levels, rice varieties and the interaction of the two on the growth and yields of two local Indonesian varieties of rice. Methods: A completely randomized design of factorial pattern with 4 replications was used in the experiment. Treatments consisted of No added SiO2 (Si-0); added 100 and 200 kg SiO2 ha-1, respectively for Si-100 and Si-200 and two local rice varieties, Pandan wangi (P1) and Mentik susu (P2). Result: The treatment had no significant effect on growth and yield of rice. Addition of 100 and 200 kg SiO2 ha-1 to P1 and P2 did not show a significant difference on the growth and yield of rice compared to control (P0). Plant height and root dry weight at P1 was lower than P2, but the 1,000-grain weight was showed, vice versa. Silicon addition up to 200 kg SiO2 ha-1 may not be recommended to be applied in rice cultivation, especially Pandan wangi and Mentik susu varieties. Improving the two varieties, further research is needed by increasing the silicon doses. 

scholarly journals Karakter morfologi akar sebagai indikator kekurangan air pada padi lokal Superwin (Root-morphological characters as water-deficit indicators in local rice Superwin)

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Claudya Torey ◽  
Song Ai Nio ◽  
Parluhutan Siahaan ◽  
Susan M Mambu
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Rice Varieties

Abstrak Evaluasi karakter morfologi akar telah dilakukan untuk menentukan karakter morfologi akar yang potensial sebagai indikator adanya kekurangan air pada padi (Oryza sativa L.) di antara panjang akar, volume akar, berat basah akar, berat kering akar, rasio akar:tajuk dan rasio panjang akar:tinggi tanaman. Eksperimen ini dilakukan di rumah kaca dan menggunakan 2 varietas padi (Superwin dan IR 64) pada fase vegetatif  yang ditumbuhkan pada media tanah di polybag dengan perlakuan kekeringan (tidak disirami selama 14 hari) dan disirami sampai kapasitas lapang (kontrol). Panjang akar dan rasio panjang akar:tinggi tanaman dapat dijadikan indikator kekurangan air pada padi Superwin dan IR 64. Superwin yang merupakan padi sawah dapat dipertimbangkan untuk ditanam di lahan kering. Kata kunci: indikator, kekeringan, morfologi akar Abstract Root-morphological characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) were evaluated to determine the potential characters as water-deficit indicators among the length, volume, fresh weight, dry weight, ratio root:shoot and ratio root length:plant height. The experiment was conducted in the glasshouse using 2 rice varieties (cv. Superwin and IR 64) grown in the soil mixture at the vegetative phase. The treatments in this experiment were water deficit (without water for 14 days) and well-watered (watering until field capacity). The root length and ratio root length:plant height were potential as water- deficit indicators in Superwin dan IR 64. The upland rice, Superwin, should be considered to be cultivated in the water limited area. Keywords: drought, indicator, root morphology

Phytoaccumulation potential and enzymatic activities of Oryza sativa L. genotypes exposed to Cr (VI) in hydroponic culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Giri ◽  
Prakash Chandra Mishra ◽  
Surjendu Kumar Dey
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Chromium Ions

In this work, the phytoaccumulation efficiency and enzymatic activities of various rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes exposed to differential concentrations of Cr (VI) have been studied. The cultivars experimented were Pratikshya, Sankar, Annapurna, White swarna and Pimpudibasa. The seedlings were raised with ¼ strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution prepared in deionised water supplemented with different concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400µg/L) of hexavalent Cr as potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) under controlled environmental conditions. The seedlings were harvested at 7 days intervals and parameters like root and shoot elongation, enzymatic activities and tolerance to chromium ions were measured after different periods of exposure. The highest concentration of Cr (VI) ions in shoots (9.92 µg/g dry weight) and roots (8.51µg/g dry weight) was found in Pratikshya exposed to 300 µg/L of Cr(VI) after 21 days of treatments. The growth parameters of five cultivars and tolerance to chromium were in the order of Pratikshya>Sankar>Annapurna>White swarna>Pimpudibasa. Cr(VI) toxicity was correlated with peroxidase and catalase enzyme activities of different rice cultivars. The interaction between chromium ions and rice cultivars biomass was studied using SEM-EDX and FTIR analysis.

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