scholarly journals Pathogenicity, Epidemiology and Virulence Factors of Salmonella species: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamègnon Victorien DOUGNON ◽  
Boris LEGBA ◽  
Esther DEGUENON ◽  
Gildas HOUNMANOU ◽  
Jerrold AGBANKPE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Salmonella Control

Salmonella infections are major public health problems worldwide. The hereby review aimed to establish an overview on the pathogenicity, epidemiology and virulence factors of Salmonella spp. in the world. A systematic search was conducted online using the keywords ‘Salmonella’, ‘Salmonella spp.’, ‘Salmonella spp. Epidemiology’, ‘virulence factors of Salmonella spp. in the world’, ‘bacteria responsible for the contamination of meat products’, ‘non-typhoid salmonella’. These keywords were entered into databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using mainly French language. The obtained articles were included based on the reliability of their source, the study area (usually Benin and Africa) and the subject. The review revealed that Salmonella spp. is motile Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, of the family Enterobacteriaceae, currently counting more than 2,600 serovars. Human contamination occurs through the ingestion of contaminated water and food and can cause gastroenteritis or typhoid fever, which are two serious public health problems. A gene set constituting the pathogenicity islands determines the pathogenesis of Salmonella spp. The diagnosis is based on bacteriological, serological and molecular techniques. Salmonella infections are usually treated using antibiotics; however, emergence of antibiotic resistance in these microorganisms suggests that the anti-salmonella control should explore new sources such as medicinal plants

PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH BARBECUED FOOD. A REVIEW

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Todd ◽  
H. Pivnick
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Actual Temperature ◽  
The World ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
And Storage

Barbecued foods are popular ready-to-eat products which are increasing in sales in many countries throughout the world. They are sold from grocery stores, restaurants, take-out shops, and outdoor stalls. These foods, mainly barbecued chicken, have caused 62 known outbreaks of food poisoning, some of them involving hundreds of people and causing deaths. Although freshly barbecued foods, adequately cooked, are wholesome and contain few bacteria, subsequent unsanitary handling and storage in inadequate holding facilities increases the risk of bacterial contamination; these bacteria may grow to hazardous levels. Stored barbecued chickens have been found with bacterial counts. Temperature control of barbecued food is considered the best way of preventing food poisoning. Unfortunately, legislation in most countries does not specify actual temperature requirements for storing of potentially hazardous foods, which includes barbecued products. We recommend that barbecued food should be stored at :≤40 F or ≥140 F.

scholarly journals Distribution of serotypes of Listeria monocytogenes in chicken meats in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1859
Author(s):  
S. SAHIN ◽  
R. KALIN ◽  
MN MOGULKOC
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Food Borne Infections

Listeria monocytogenes is one of the important causes of food-borne infections. This study was conducted to determine the presence of L. monocytogenes and its serotype distribution in a total of 400 packaged chicken meat products (drumstick, breast, wing, and whole chicken) from different national companies. L. monocytogenes contamination was detected in 26.5% (106 in 400) of all samples when the products considered, drumsticks, breasts, wings, and whole chickens showed 47%, 15%, 35, and 9% positivity respectively. Four important serotypes of L. monocytogenes in human listeriosis (1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c and 4b) were identified, and serotype 1/2a (94.3%) was determined as predominant in packaged chicken meats. The present study revealed that L. monocytogenes 1/2a serotype is prevalent in chicken meats and this may cause public health problems in Turkey. Further studies in poultry meats should be conducted on a large scale such as regional or national big markets to determine the presence of the pathogen and its dominant serotypes.

scholarly journals Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Perilaku Konsumsi Tablet Fe saat Menstruasi pada Mahasiswi FKM UNAIR Surabaya

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Rohmanur Izzani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
P Value ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The World

Anemia is one of the health problems in the world especially in developing countries and it is estimated that 30% of the world population suffers from anemia. Anemia is one of the health problems that often occur in pregnant women and young women. According to WHO (2013), the prevalence of anemia in the world reaches 40–88%. According to Riskesdas (2013) got anemia patients in adolescent girls amounted to 2.7%. One cause of high rates of anemia in adolescent girls is the lack of awareness of consumption of Fe tablets during menstruation. Consciousness of Fe tablet consumption during menstruation can not be separated from information and knowledge, because of knowledge is one of several factors that influence one's consumption behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge with adolescent attitudes about consumption of Fe tablet during menstruation on students of Faculty of Public Health Unair Surabaya. This research was analytic with cross sectional approach. The samples were 50 respondents taken by simple random sampling technique. The instrument used a questionnaire. The result of this research was chi-square statistic test with significance level α = 0,05 or 95%. Statistical test results obtained p value = 1 < α = 0.05. The conclusion of this research is that there is no significant relationship of knowledge with attitude of Fe tablet consumption during menstruation on students of Faculty of Public Health Unair Surabaya.

scholarly journals A Review on the Factors Contributing to 2019-nCoV Virus Outbreaks in Wuhan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Sun ◽  
Thilakavathy Karuppiah ◽  
S. Suresh Kumar ◽  
Guozhong He
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Susceptible Populations

The new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan has caused virus outbreaks in many provinces and cities in China, and several neighboring countries were also affected. In recent years, coronavirus several outbreaks around the world were reported, however researchers could not predict its onset. Coincidentally, the birthplace of another coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that causes serious public health problems is also in China. This review compares and analyzes the external environment, natural hosts, intermediate hosts, and susceptible populations when these two coronaviruses occurred. Based on the analysis results, we found that the 2019-nCov virus outbreak in Wuhan was not an accidental phenomenon, but a result of a combination of factors. At the same time, through the conclusions of these analyses, we will be able to get a glimpse of the trajectories of new coronaviruses and curb the virus outbreak in future.

scholarly journals Determination of the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and S. aureus in meat products by Real-Time PCR and testing their antibiotic susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (06) ◽  
pp. 6533-2021
Author(s):  
REYHAN IRKIN ◽  
BERKAY BOZKURT ◽  
GULENDAM TUMEN
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

From a public health point of view meat products contain high pathogenic risk factors. This is because they can be contaminated with Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms, and, more importantly, antibiotic resistance has been reported in these microorganisms at an increasing frequency. To examine the presence of Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus in samples of raw and semi-cooked (chicken doner, meat doner, chicken, beef, and lamb products) meat from markets of Izmir and Balikesir, Turkey were analysed. The presence of microorganisms in the samples was determined by Real-Time PCR method using Salmonella spp. and S. aureus specific primers. Following Real-Time PCR, microorganisms were isolated by selective culture methods and biochemical tests from the positive meat samples and tested for their antibiotic susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Method. The antibiotic disc diffusion method showed that S. aureus was resistant to penicillin G, oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, erythromycin, and ampicillin, whereas Salmonella spp. was resistant to penicillin G, sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, and ampicillin. As these products are consumed frequently, their contamination with S. aureus (≥ 5 × 103 cfu/g) and Salmonella spp. can be a risk factor for food poisoning. The contamination of meat products’ with S. aureus and Salmonella spp. can be a risk factor for public health and the antibiotics to be preferred in illness treatment are of critical importance.

scholarly journals The role of the world health organization in solving international public health problems: history, modernity and development prospects

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Epidemics of smallpox, cholera, plague and other infectious diseases in the world in the past were accompanied by the deaths of millions of people and often threatened humanity with destruction as a biological species. Therefore, society was forced to join forces to create an organization that would provide health protection on a global scale. On April 7, 1948, 26 UN member states created the World Health Organization, the main goal of which was to help provide the protection of health of the population of all countries of the world. Purpose of the study - analysis of the historical data of the process of creating the World Health Organization, achievements for all the years of its existence, financing in last years and formation of the opinions of authors on the role of this organization in solving health problems of all humanity. Results. The article presents data on stages of the formation of the World Health Organization. Information about positive results for more than 70 years in solving reproductive health problems, maternal and child mortality, eradicating many infectious diseases in different parts of the world and other problems is detailed. Joint resolutions of the World Health Organization with the United Nations were adopted about general and complete disarmament, protection of humanity from atomic radiation, ban on the use of chemical and bacteriological weapons, defining of the role of doctors and other health workers in the preservation and strengthening of the world. Information on the World Health Organization funding is provided. The prospects for the development of the organization are described. Conclusions. The World Health Organization actively continues its work – maintains contact with international experts, governments and partners for quick collection of scientific data on a new virus, tracks its distribution and assesses its virulence, provides to countries and population recommendations on health protection measures and preventing the spread of infection. The global climatic crisis and the coronavirus infection pandemic showed that the role of the World Health Organization should increase to prevent cataclysms in some countries and globally. It is the World Health Organization that has a huge positive international experience in fighting various public health problems and it remains the only effective organization that consolidates the efforts of most countries of the world to overcome the problems of all humanity.

scholarly journals SEROTYPING AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY TESTING OF ENTEROBACTERIAL PATHOGENS IN DIARRHOEAL PATIENTS OF KATHMANDU

2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (143) ◽  
pp. 392-6
Author(s):  
Abhignya Subedi ◽  
C D Shrestha ◽  
R P Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Family ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Shigella Spp

In a study carried out at National Public Health Laboratory, Teku, 236 samples werecollected from the diarrhoeal patients and half of them were The patients below 15years of age. Altogether 61 pathogens belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceaewere isolated. The presence of pathogens in the patterns below 5 years was highlysignificant (P<0.05%). E coli was most common (68.8%) followed by Salmonella spp.(16.4%) and Shigella spp. (14.7%). Enteropathogenic was E. coli was the most frequentisolate (71.4%) among the pathogenic E. coli. Similarly, Salmonella typhimuriumwas the commonest salmonellae and Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri werethe most commonly isolated shigellae. Most of the pathogens were sensitive toCiprofloxacin (72.1%) and least was sensitive to Ampicillin (9.8%). Only 4.9% of thepathogens were sensitive to all the antibiotics tested.

scholarly journals Malaria-free Certification in China: Achievements and Lessons Learned from the National Malaria Elimination Programme

Zoonoses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Feng ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Gui Xia ◽  
Shui-Sen Zhou ◽  
Ning Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Elimination Programme ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Health Organization

Malaria was once one of the most severe public health problems in China. However, after 70 years of integrated interventions, substantial progress has been made, and remarkable milestones have been met in malaria elimination in China. On June 30th, 2021, China was officially certified as a malaria-free country by the World Health Organization. This paper highlights the achievements of, and lessons learned from the malaria elimination programme.

scholarly journals ROLE OF MANSIK BHAVAS ON IMMUNITY W.S.R. TO COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1322-1327
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Bhatnagar ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Dinesh Chandra Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The world was confronted with an illness 'COVID-19', caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This novel coronavirus is highly contagious and in just a few months has become a serious threat to human health all over the world. It was declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the end of January 2020 and a pandemic in March 2020. In addition to the public health challenges, this pandemic has created another parallel pandemic of mental health problems. There are many relations of doing panic and getting the disease and the pos- sibility of Mansik Bhavas like fear (Bhaya), anger (Krodha), grief (Shoka) and not follow Sadvrutta can be the cause or precipitating factor of infection to any person. Ayurveda and modern point of view agree to the statement that different Mansik Bhavas like Bhaya, Krodha, Shoka and not follow Sadvrutta etc. can lead to or can act as Hetu for many diseases like COVID-19 etc. and hence there is the existence of a relation between these Mansik Bhavas and Vyadhi Utpatti. Furthermore, the existing mental health problems have also been seen to exacerbate owing to this pandemic. The mental health problems are both seen among the community members and the healthcare pro- viders who are at the continuous forefront of service provision in healthcare settings. The best way of preventing COVID-19 infection is by enhancing an individual's body immunity. Some of the principles could be useful in mitigating the mental health issues that the current world is grappling with owing to COVID‐19. In this review article, we will understand the Role of Mansik Bhavas on immunity to COVID-19 with different references given in Ayurvedic texts, modern texts and articles. Keywords: Ayurveda, COVID-19, Mansik bhavas (Bhaya, Krodha, Shoka and Sadvrutta), Immunity.

scholarly journals Creating a healthy Wirobrajan community from an early age through psychoeducation and early detection of people with mental disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-739
Author(s):  
Moh Aminullah ◽  
Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Jefri Reza Phalevi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Public Health Facility ◽  
The Family

Public concern for mental health problems is still very minimal, including in the Wirobrajan neighborhood, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Wirobrajan Public Health Center as a public health facility has carried out various kinds of health education activities. However, the results were not optimal considering this requires the participation of the community in paying attention to health in the family environment. The mental health early detection movement is one of the factors for preventing mental health problems in the family. The purpose of this activity is to conduct psychoeducation and early detection of people with mental disorders (ODGJ) in the Wirobrajan environment. The method used was a cross-sector mini workshop in the form of ODGJ socialization, inauguration of the alert village decree and counseling on the role of families in preventing ODGJ recurrence. The results of the activity showed that mental health cadres had a better understanding of the concept, causes, and treatment of mental disorders, as well as the role of family and the environment in ODGJ. Thus, the cadres will understand more about people with mental disorders and have new abilities related to early detection of mental health.

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