scholarly journals Is There an App for Everything? Potentials and Limits of Civic Hacking

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenia Ermoshina
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Civic Participation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
Technical Point ◽  
Software Studies ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
Definition Of

The present article analyzes potential and limits of crowdsourcing software (mobile and web applications) as tools for civic participation. Based on an empiric study of six Russian and French civic applications, developed in response to a particular public problem (corruption, electoral falsifications, police violence and urban problems), the article proposes to address the problem of digital asymmetry from the perspective of pragmatism, STS and software studies The author focuses on the phase of design, coding and testing, and analyzes the procedures of standardization and classification necessary for developing the interfaces. While standardization seems inevitable from the technical point of view, it produces a particular form of asymmetry between the lived experience of a “trouble” and the categorical grid. Developing a civic application, coders propose a certain definition of a public problem and rectify it in the interface. The article argues that an active participation of users in the improvement of the application may help to overcome the limits and asymmetries.

The Minimum of Sulfur Required for Vulcanization. A Résumé

1932 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-295
Author(s):  
G. Bruni
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Technical Point ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Fundamental Difficulty ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Exact Definition

Abstract The problem of the minimum proportion of sulfur necessary to effect vulcanization is fundamental to an interpretation of the very nature of vulcanization itself. Since the introduction of ultra-accelerators, it has been recognized that very small quantities of sulfur are sufficient to bring about vulcanization. In experiments carried out in 1918 in collaboration with G. Menghi in the Laboratory of Chemical and Physical-Chemical Research of the Pirelli Company of Milan, the author found that by the aid of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate or of similar substances there is an appreciable vulcanization with 0.2 per cent of sulfur. This fact was made public in patents applied for by the author the next year. On the other hand, it is generally recognized today that all vulcanization originates in a chemical reaction, though a fundamental difficulty lies in the fact that it has never been possible to give an exact definition of what is meant by vulcanization. When is a rubber considered vulcanized? From a technical point of view this question may be answered, but there has not been a satisfactory explanation up to this time.

scholarly journals Framework Agreement as the Basis of the Obligation, or Criticism of the Concept of the Article 429.1 of the Russian Civil Code

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Шнигер ◽  
Dmitriy Shniger
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Framework Agreement ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Practical Recommendations ◽  
Basic Contract

The author analyzes the concept, features, scope and contents of the framework agreement from the point of view of the Russian Civil Code, the Concept of improvement of general provisions of obligation law of Russia and the needs of economic turnover. In the article the author formulated the definition of a framework agreement, which is seen as the basis of the obligation to conclude another one, main contract in the future (or several contracts). The author has analyzed the different ways to conclude the basic contract and has made legal qualifications of such contract documents (applications, specifications, etc.). Also the author has come to conclusion on the essential terms of the main contract and has provided practical recommendations for the conclusion of framework contracts and permits arising from them civil disputes. A few issues on accountability of the parties for breach of the master contract were also considered in present article.

New trends on yeast autolysis and wine ageing on lees: a bibliographic review

OENO One ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Fornairon-Bonnefond ◽  
Carole Camarasa ◽  
Michel Moutounet ◽  
Jean-Michel Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Technical Point ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Yeast Autolysis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ageing On Lees ◽  
State Of Art ◽  
Wine Ageing

<p style="text-align: justify;">In enology, lees are mainly used in the traditional practice of « sur lies » wine ageing, which consists of carrying on the contact between wine and lees (yeasts and vegetal residues) during ageing. Lees come either from first or second fermentation, and could be used for white or red wines elaboration. Such an enological practice remains yet empirical. In the present paper, the state of art was investigated in order to collect and analyze most of the scientific works realized on wine lees. It includes also technological points relevant from such a practice.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A clear definition of wine lees from legal and technological points of view was given in the first part of the present paper. A second part described the mechanisms of autolysis and focused more precisely on each class of identified autolysis products. Many scientific works had indeed revealed the yeast autolysis phenomenon occuring during such a way of wine ageing. All these works remained mainly based on identification of yeast macromolecules released in the wine during the autolysis phenomenon. However, the experimental methodologies followed by the different authors are variable, and most of the obtained results were difficult to extrapolate to actual wine ageing on lees. Only few works dealt with the physicochemical properties of such lees during autolysis, specially towards oxygen, polyphenols and other wine compounds. A compilation of recent data obtained on these peculiar topics was then given. In a third and last part, the effect of ageing wine on lees was approached from a technical point of view.</p>

O Problema da Definição do Acidente em Aristóteles

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 103-149
Author(s):  
António Pedro Mesquita ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Posterior Analytics ◽  
The Status ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The present article aims to clear up three different, though connected, questions: 1st. The significance of the double definition of ‘accident’ in the Topics. 2nd. The significance of the distinction be tween two types of accident (‘strict’ accident and per se accident) in the Posterior Analytics and in the Metaphysics, namely in its alleged relationship with the double definition of ‘accident’ in the Topics. 3rd. The meaning of per se accidents within the framework of the predicables, namely from the point of view of its putative identification with propria predicates. In the course of the analysis, the answers given to these three questions are the following (in inverse order to their presentation): 1. By definition, the same predicate can never be a per se accident and a proprium, except incidentally, namely when regarded ‘at a certain moment’ (pote) or ‘in relation to something else’ (pros ti). In fact, despite Aristotle’s silence about the status of per se accidents within the framework of the predicables, they have there its own peculiar logical location, namely under the first definition of ‘accident’. 2. The distinction between ‘strict’ accident and per se accident, on the one hand, and the double definition of ‘accident’, on the other, do not coalesce, though they partially overlap. The second definition of ‘accident’ in the Topics subsumes only ‘strict ’ accidents, while the first definition is generally valid for ‘strict’ accidents and per se accidents. 3. As far as an educated guess can go on historical matters, we can suppose that the second definition of ‘accident’ was conceived by Aristotle to cover the only kind of accidents recognised by him when writing the Topics, while, by that time, the first definition was thought merely as a alternative negative definition. However, it is the schema provided by the first definition that allows a precise technical definition of the two types of accidents, which nowhere can be found in Aristotle texts. In the final part of the article, we try to reconstruct this technical definition.

Immunocytochemical methodology for the localization of neuronal antigens at the ultrastructural level

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 876-877
Author(s):  
Jorge Pecci Saavedra ◽  
Mark Connaughton ◽  
Juan José López ◽  
Alicia Brusco
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Tissue Fixation ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Interpeduncular Nucleus ◽  
Technical Point

The use of antibodies as labels for the localization of specific molecules in the nervous systan has been extensively applied in recent years. Both monoand polyclonal antibodies or antisera have been employed. The knowledge of the organization of neuronal connectivities, gliovascular relationships, glioneuronal relationships and other features of nerve tissue has greatly increased.A number of areas of the nervous systan have been analyzed in our laboratory, including the nuclei of the raphe system, the reticular formation, interpeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, caudate nucleus, putamen, pallidum, spinal cord, pineal gland and others.From a technical point of view, a number of variables needed to be taken into account in order to obtain reliable and reproducible results. The design of the optimal conditions of tissue fixation, embedding, sectioning, dilution of antibodies, and adaptation of Sternberger PAP technique were sane of the parameters taken into account to optimize the results. It is critical that each step of the technique be defined for each particular case.

Understanding functional illiteracy from a policy, adult education, and cognition point of view: Towards a joint referent framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulajić ◽  
Miomir Despotović ◽  
Thomas Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Components Of Reading ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The article discusses the emergence of a functional literacy construct and the rediscovery of illiteracy in industrialized countries during the second half of the 20th century. It offers a short explanation of how the construct evolved over time. In addition, it explores how functional (il)literacy is conceived differently by research discourses of cognitive and neural studies, on the one hand, and by prescriptive and normative international policy documents and adult education, on the other hand. Furthermore, it analyses how literacy skills surveys such as the Level One Study (leo.) or the PIAAC may help to bridge the gap between cognitive and more practical and educational approaches to literacy, the goal being to place the functional illiteracy (FI) construct within its existing scale levels. It also sheds more light on the way in which FI can be perceived in terms of different cognitive processes and underlying components of reading. By building on the previous work of other authors and previous definitions, the article brings together different views of FI and offers a perspective for a needed operational definition of the concept, which would be an appropriate reference point for future educational, political, and scientific utilization.

Dosimetry and optimization in digital radiography based on the contrast-detail resolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Otto Gomes Batista ◽  
Alexandre Gomes De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Inverse Image ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Direct Radiography ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Entrance Surface Air Kerma

Contrast-detail (C-D) curves are useful in evaluating the radiographic image quality in a global way. The objective of the present study was to obtain the C-D curves and the inverse image quality figure. Both of these parameters were used as an evaluation tool for abdominal and chest imaging protocols. The C-D curves were obtained with the phantom CDRAD 2.0 in computerized radiography and the direct radiography systems (including portable devices). The protocols were 90 and 102 kV in the range of 2 to 20 mAs for the chest and 80 kV in the range of 10 to 80 mAs for the abdomen. The incident air kerma values were evaluated with a solid state sensor. The analysis of these C-D curves help to identify which technique would allow a lower value of the entrance surface air kerma, Ke, while maintaining the image quality from the point of view of C-D detectability. The results showed that the inverse image quality figure, IQFinv, varied little throughout the range of mAs, while the value of Ke varied linearly directly with the mAs values. Also, the complete analysis of the curves indicated that there was an increase in the definition of the details with increasing mAs. It can be concluded that, in the transition phase for the use of the new receptors, it is necessary to evaluate and adjust the practised protocols to ensure, at a minimum, the same levels of the image quality, taking into account the aspects of the radiation protection of the patient.

DIRECTIONS OF ASSOCIATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF PERSONAL NAMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Olena Karpenko ◽  
Tetiana Stoianova
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The Brain

The article is devoted to the study of personal names from a cognitive point of view. The study is based on the cognitive concept that speech actually exists not in the speech, not in linguistic writings and dictionaries, but in consciousness, in the mental lexicon, in the language of the brain. The conditions for identifying personal names can encompass not only the context, encyclopedias, and reference books, but also the sound form of the word. In the communicative process, during a free associative experiment, which included a name and a recipient’s mental lexicon. The recipient was assigned a task to quickly give some association to the name. The aggregate of a certain number of reactions of different recipients forms the associative field of a proper name. The associative experiment creates the best conditions for identifying the lexeme. The definition of a monosemantic personal name primarily includes the search of what it denotes, while during the process of identifying a polysemantic personal name recipients tend have different reactions. Scientific value is posed by the effect of the choice of letters for the name, sound symbolism, etc. The following belong to the generalized forms of identification: usage of a hyperonym; synonyms and periphrases or simple descriptions; associations denoting the whole (name stimulus) by reference to its part (associatives); cognitive structures such as “stimulus — association” and “whole (stimulus) — part (associative)”; lack of adjacency; mysterious associations. The topicality of the study is determined by its perspective to identify the directions of associative identification of proper names, which is one of the branches of cognitive onomastics. The purpose of the study is to identify, review, and highlight the directions of associative identification of proper names; the object of the research is the names in their entirety and variety; its subject is the existence of names in the mental lexicon, which determines the need for singling out the directions for the associative identification of the personal names.

Localized Irrigation System for Thuja Orientalis in Intensive Culture

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Mădălina Stănescu ◽  
Constantin Buta ◽  
Geanina Mihai ◽  
Lucica Roșu
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
First Year ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
Technical Point ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Thuja Orientalis ◽  
Agricultural Farm

Abstract In order to increase the competitiveness of an agricultural holding through the efficient use of the production factors, the modernization of an agricultural farm was carried out by exending the existing greenhouse with at least 700m2 for the intensive cultivation of ornamental plants - Thuja Orientalis. The material is produced by initiating crops in pots, with seedlings grown in pots or transplanting them in pots right after the first year of the multiplication and growing them in containers, appropriate to their size, until reaching their full value. From a technical point of view, reaching the objective will also be possible through a localized irrigation system.

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