The Minimum of Sulfur Required for Vulcanization. A Résumé

1932 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-295
Author(s):  
G. Bruni
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Technical Point ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Fundamental Difficulty ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Exact Definition

Abstract The problem of the minimum proportion of sulfur necessary to effect vulcanization is fundamental to an interpretation of the very nature of vulcanization itself. Since the introduction of ultra-accelerators, it has been recognized that very small quantities of sulfur are sufficient to bring about vulcanization. In experiments carried out in 1918 in collaboration with G. Menghi in the Laboratory of Chemical and Physical-Chemical Research of the Pirelli Company of Milan, the author found that by the aid of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate or of similar substances there is an appreciable vulcanization with 0.2 per cent of sulfur. This fact was made public in patents applied for by the author the next year. On the other hand, it is generally recognized today that all vulcanization originates in a chemical reaction, though a fundamental difficulty lies in the fact that it has never been possible to give an exact definition of what is meant by vulcanization. When is a rubber considered vulcanized? From a technical point of view this question may be answered, but there has not been a satisfactory explanation up to this time.

scholarly journals Legal aspect of social entrepreneurship

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 08071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uliana Filatova ◽  
Nina Semeryanova ◽  
Svetlana Suslova ◽  
Alena Gabudina ◽  
Anna Kopytova
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The article discusses the main issues of definition of social entrepreneurship, both from economic and legal point of view. Since Russian legislature is only at the beginning of the way to create legal framework for activities, legislation on social entrepreneurship seems fragmentary and inconsistent. All of that adversely affects development of social entrepreneurship. Official city statistics (Nizhnevartovsk) show that less than a third of all entrepreneurs are interested in this type of activity; entrepreneurs who already have business in the field of social entrepreneurship mostly do not plan to expand current activities in this area. Analysis can contribute to creation of developed socio-economic relations in Russia. It can be achieved by building effective relations between social entrepreneurs and beneficiaries on the one hand, and also between social entrepreneurs and the state on the other.

scholarly journals SEMANTICS OF THE VERBALITY ЖИТЬ IN RUSSIAN DIALECTS OF UDMURTIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
E.A. Zhdanova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The article is devoted to the analysis of semantic features that are noted in the verb жить in Russian dialects of Udmurtia. As the analysis of the material of the corpus of Russian dialects of Udmurtia showed, this verb is found in contexts indicating values different from those known in the literary language. In connection with the need to clarify the layout of the corpus and create a dictionary of Russian dialects in Udmurtia, a definition of the semantics of this verb is required. The semantic features of a dialect word can be established both by linguistic factors: the syntactic role and lexical compatibility, as well as extralinguistic factors: the range of specific uses of the verb, historical information about the settlement of this territory, religious and ideological features of dialect speakers. For analysis, material from various lexicographic sources, as well as etymological information, was used. As a result of the study, an idea about the possibility of double interpretation of the semantics of the analyzed dialect word was formed: on the one hand, from the point of view of its implementation in dialect, as a syncretic unit, on the other hand, from the point of view of its lexicographic representation, as a set of lexical-semantic variants.

scholarly journals On certain properties of the alloys of the gold-copper series

1901 ◽  
Vol 67 (435-441) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technical Point ◽  
Physical Constants ◽  
Systematic Examination ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Molecular Constitution

Notwithstanding the extraordinary importance from a technical point of view of the members of this series, which constitute the gold coinages of the world, singularly little is known respecting either their molecular constitution or even their physical constants. Both the authors of this paper possess unusual facilities for studying them, and they felt that time should not be lost in beginning a systematic examination of the series. The other alloys used for coinage have, on the other hand, not been so neglected.

Two Kinds of Soft Facts

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro De Florio ◽  
Aldo Frigerio
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Contingents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Divine Knowledge ◽  
Soft Fact ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The concept of soft facts is crucial for the Ockhamistic analysis of the divine knowledge of future contingents; moreover, this notion is important in itself because it concerns the structure of the facts that depend—in some sense—on other future facts. However, the debate on soft facts is often flawed by the unaware use of two different notions of soft facts. The facts of the first kind are supervenient on temporal facts: By bringing about a temporal fact, the agent can bring about these facts. However, on the one hand, the determination of the existence of these facts does not affect the past; on the other hand, assimilating divine knowledge into this kind of facts does not help the Ockhamist. The authors will argue that, to vindicate Ockhamism, another definition of “soft fact” is necessary, which turns out to be much more demanding from a metaphysical point of view.

scholarly journals Erosion by water-hammer

1928 ◽  
Vol 119 (783) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Hammer ◽  
Incompressible Fluids ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Mechanical Explanation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mechanical Nature

Corrosion or erosion of the surfaces of metals under water is in many cases found to be actively promoted by their motion through the water, or by the motion of the water over them. In such cases the relative parts played in the action by corrosion and erosion respectively are not readily distinguished. Even where corrosion products are found the action may still be primarily one of erosion, the latter merely creating the conditions favourable to corrosion. It may, for example, have the effect of removing a surface layer or protective scale. On the other hand, where corrosion products are not found the process is frequently claimed to be a corrosive one, the only function allowed to erosion being that of removing the products of corrosion as fast as they are formed. No doubt in some instances this latter point of view is justifiable, but in many cases the reason for attributing the action to corrosion rather than to erosion is merely that the mechanical nature of the cause is not sufficiently apparent, through a failure to recognise the remarkable ability of water and other nearly incompressible fluids, under certain circumstances, to produce momentary pressures far in excess of the yield-point strength of ordinary materials. The object of this note is to show that in many instances a satisfactory mechanical explanation of such action can be advanced by associating it with the phenomenon known as water-hammer, and, in particular, to show that the same principles afford a satisfactory explanation of the impact pressures produced by drops of water impinging on metallic surfaces.

Materialistic Psychiatry [Materialistische Psychiatrie]. (Monats. f. Psych. und Neur., Bd. ix, H. 1, 1901.) Juliusburger, Otto

1902 ◽  
Vol 48 (200) ◽  
pp. 162-162
Author(s):  
W. H. B. Stoddart
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Physical Phenomenon ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Relation ◽  
Animal Psychology ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Dr. Weygandt, in an article entitled “Psychology and Cerebral Anatomy in Special Relation to Modern Phrenology,” which appeared in Die Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, made the statement that the only true basis for the study of psychiatry is the acceptance of the doctrine of psycho-physical parallelism, and quotes Wundt's definition of this parallelism in support. Dr. Juliusburger feels it his duty to pen a somewhat indignant and scornful reply, and points out, in the first place, that whereas in 1863 Wundt, in his lectures, treated human and animal psychology from a monistic point of view, it is only in later years (1892) that he took up his dualistic standpoint of a psycho-physical parallelism, according to which, although with every psychical act there is a co-existent physical phenomenon, nevertheless these two manifestations are entirely independent of each other and have no causal relationship. Dr. Weygandt agrees with Ebbinghaus that mind and brain are not separable entities—the one a product of the other—but they are an actual combination, varying only according to the point of view from which we regard their manifestations; when viewed from within, these phenomena are psychical, when from without, physical.

A NEW FORMALIZATION OF FEFERMAN’S SYSTEM OF FUNCTIONS AND CLASSES AND ITS RELATION TO FREGE STRUCTURE

1995 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 187-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSUMU HAYASHI ◽  
SATOSHI KOBAYASHI
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technical Result ◽  
Technical Point ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Theory

A new axiomatization of Feferman’s systems of functions and classes1,2 is given. The new axiomatization has a finite number of class constructors resembling the proposition constructors of Frege structure by Aczel.3 Aczel wrote “It appears that from the technical point of view the two approaches (Feferman’s system and Frege structure) run parallel to each other in the sense that any technical result for one approach can be reconstructed for the other”.3 By the aid of the new axiomatization, Aczel’s observation becomes so evident. It is now straightforward to give a mutual interpretation between our formulation and a first order theory of Frege structure, which improve results by Beeson in Ref. 4.

scholarly journals Tratados internacionais e implicações locais: A desertificação

GEOgraphia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Verdum
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
Desertification Process ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Definition Of

A partir do interesse de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre como o processo de desertificação vem  sendo concebido nos fóruns  internacionais e nos  documentos oficiais que deles surgem, pretende-se trazer uma reflexão sobre a temática, principalmente no que se refere a definição desse processo e o que está sendo proposto para minimizá-10. Neste sentido, resgata-se três documentos essenciais: a Agenda  21, em seu capítulo  12, como o resultado  da Convenção do Rio  de Janeiro,  em  1992; a Convenção de  Luta  Contra  a Desertificação da ONU, ratificada em  1994  e a Resolução 238/97, do Conama - Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente. Na avaliação desses documentos percebe-se de um  lado, uma série de conexão entre eles, não só do ponto de vista conceitual, mas das ações, das especulações e das abordagens científicas. Por outro lado, existe também, uma série de não conectividades entre eles. Assim, esses documentos apresentam-se polêmicos, tanto do ponto de vista conceitiial como, também, no que se refere as proposições de envolvimento da sociedade com a problemática.AbstractThe objective of  this work  is to offer thoughts over the debate, as to  the knowledge on  the desertification process, the definition of  this process and what  is being done to minimize  it, which has  been  conceived  in  the  international forums  and  official documents. Three essencial documents are  reviewed:  1) Chapter  12, from Agenda 21, which resulted  from  the Rio de Janeiro Convention,  in 1992; 2)  the Convention  for  the  Fight Against Desertification, from UN,  ratified  in  1994; and  3)  the Brazilian  legal act called Resolução 238197,  from Conselho Nacional  de Meio Ambiente - Conama. On  evaluating these documents, a series of connections are observed, not only from a conceptual point of view  but also relating to  the actions, speculations and scientific approaches that are proposed. On the other hand, there is a great number of  non-connectives among the same group of documents. Therefore, these charters are polemic in concept as well as when  they consider society involvement.

scholarly journals Proposta de uma Aplicação web para Gestão e Simplificação do Processo de Doação para instituições de Caridade

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Silva ◽  
Lethícia Souza ◽  
Marcos Souza ◽  
Cleisson Batista
Keyword(s):  
Web Application ◽  
User Acceptance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technical Point ◽  
The Public ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Donation Process

The present article refers to the construction of a web application named Doai, capable of managing and promoting donations for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and charities in the Piemonte Norte do Itapicuru - Bahia. From interviews with institutions’ managers, it became evident the lack of basic resources to maintain the continuity of the performed activities, It was also found that in many cases donations do not reflect your real needs. This demonstrates the lack of information between donors and these institutions. The problems experienced in these organizations was motivate the development this proposal, which aims to promote existing institutions in the region, with the modernization of dissemination actions, with the simplification of the donation process and with the resources available to leverage the contributions. After construction, the tool was submitted to analysis, with the participation of 73 (seventy-three) people from the region. In this research it was possible to realize that few people are involved with philanthropic activities. On the other hand, a large part of the public are motivated to donate using the tool, showing out how it offers good usability. In addition, much of the public also shows interest in virtual payment methods. From a technical point of view, the tool has a good user acceptance and meets the proposed requirements.

scholarly journals “Bobok” as a Mirror of Surprise

2021 ◽  
Vol V (4) ◽  
pp. 157-174
Author(s):  
Svetlana Neretina
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
True Definition ◽  
The Voice

The article considers the phenomenon, on the one hand, of a mirror, in which any thing, subject, person, first of all, is fixed in a reflection that makes it possible to observe oneself for the sake of self — understanding, on the other hand, the boundaries, mainly the boundaries between life and death, which can be crossed for the same purpose with the help of certain mental and physiological processes that affect the psycho — emotional state (in this case, sleep). Both phenomena, which seem similar, are in fact different: in one case, the emphasis is placed on contemplation, in the other — on speculation and hearing, tuned to the voice of another world. It is not by chance that Dostoevsky chose the place of the event: the cemetery as the border between life and death and the cemetery monument as a symbol of memory, where the hero “thought accordingly”. Since the hero of the story is in an inadequate state after the funeral, the theme of menippea, a seriously funny genre, appears as if by itself, especially since M. M. Bakhtin considered the story “Bobok” “one of the greatest menippe in world literature.” The author of the article considers Bakhtin's approach to the story from the standpoint of menippea justified, because he defines this genre not from the point of view of the effect it produces on the reader, but from the standpoint of the philosophy of action, which Bakhtin considered to be the true definition of this genre. The author draws attention to the “logic of turning”, or tropologic, on the basis of which the story is built with its oxymorons, comparisons, and irony. The story, according to the author, is characterized not by ambivalence, but by the convergence of beginnings and ends. The philosophical thought of one of the characters in the story correlates the thoughts of the living and the dead, i.e. those who are in different space-time realities, so that they seem to be embedded in each other. This similarity, which does not deprive the story of carnivalization, which always deals with duality, is internally focused on the idea of like-mindedness having one source, anticipating the question that has not yet been born about the way of modifying being in possibility into being in reality.

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