scholarly journals Acute Influences of Bisphenol A Exposure on Hypothalamic Release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Kisspeptin in Female Rhesus Monkeys

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (7) ◽  
pp. 2563-2570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Kurian ◽  
Kim L. Keen ◽  
Brian P. Kenealy ◽  
James P. Garcia ◽  
Curtis J. Hedman ◽  
...  

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial compound with pervasive distribution in the environments of industrialized countries. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control recently found that greater than 90% of Americans carry detectable levels of BPA, raising concern over the direct influences of this compound on human physiology. Epidemiologic evidence links elevated BPA serum concentrations to human reproductive dysfunction, although controlled studies on the acute effect of BPA exposure on reproductive function are limited, particularly in primates. We evaluated the effect of direct BPA exposure on female primate hypothalamic peptide release. Specifically, using a microdialysis method, we examined the effects of BPA (0.1, 1, and 10nM) directly infused to the stalk-median eminence on the release of GnRH and kisspeptin (KP) in mid to late pubertal ovarian intact female rhesus monkeys. We found that the highest level of BPA exposure (10nM) suppressed both GnRH and KP release, whereas BPA at lower concentrations (0.1 and 1nM) had no apparent effects. In addition, we measured BPA in plasma and hypothalamic dialysates after an iv bolus injection of BPA (100 μg/kg). We found a relatively stable distribution of BPA between the blood and brain (plasma:brain ≅ 5:1) persists across a wide range of blood BPA concentrations (1–620 ng/mL). Findings of this study suggest that persistent, high-level exposures to BPA could impair female reproductive function by directly influencing hypothalamic neuroendocrine function.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Tomas Jambor ◽  
Eva Kovacikova

Infertility is widespread problem defined as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. One of the most notable factors causing this status is the exposure to environmental contaminants. It is now recognized that many contaminants present in the environment have the ability to interfere in the action of hormones and therefore are termed endocrine disruptors (EDs). Some of these compounds are present in nature, but the majority are artificial and released into the environment by the human activities without any prior knowledge of their impact on ecosystems, animal welfare, or wildlife and human health. Many epidemiological studies have reported a radical growth in the incidence of male infertility, accompanied by decreasing sperm quality, decline in spermatozoa motility, defect in Leydig cell morphology, insufficient activity of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. The similar situation was observed in female, when the increased risk for endometriosis, reproductive and other endocrine-related cancer, impaired oocytes, ovarian dysfunction, or irregular menstrual cycle was confirmed. All mentioned consequences have been associated with increasing concentration of bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment. Humans are exposed to BPA not only through specific occupational circumstance, but nowadays more generally also from the ordinary day-to-day domestic and workplace lifestyles. Almost 3.4 million tons per year of BPA is used in a variety common product such as food packaging, household products, epoxy resins, dental sealants and many others. Under these endpoints, apprehensions about the reproductive dysfunctions associated with BPA action are unquestionable. In this review, we address the topic of BPA effects on reproductive function in males and females and emphasize its effects on overall health. A considerably more detailed and systematic research in EDs toxicology is required for a better understanding of risks associated with exposure to environmental toxicants.


2022 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Евгений Сергеевич Попов ◽  
Татьяна Васильевна Алексеева ◽  
Юлия Олеговна Калгина ◽  
Людмила Андреевна Албычева ◽  
Владимир Андреевич Шолин

Охрана репродуктивного здоровья предполагает множество направлений деятельности, в том числе мероприятия, направленные на коррекцию пищевого статуса мужчин и женщин репродуктивного возраста, особенно беременных и кормящих женщин. Объектом исследований являлся паштет печеночный профилактической и лечебной направленности с включением пищевой системы на основе альбумина пищевого, жмыха зародышей пшеницы и фасоли. Исследованы органолептические, функционально-технологические, реологические показатели качества и безопасности, микроструктура паштета, обоснованы параметры и режимы подготовки пищевой системы и готового изделия с ее применением. Установлено, что массовая доля таких нутриентов, как Fe, Zn, Na, P и водорастворимых витаминов (В и В), находилась на уровне 20 % и более от суточной потребности. Отмечено увеличение содержания в диапазоне от 20 до 50 % суточной потребности фолиевой кислоты, витаминов В, В, С и D, что позволяет отнести разработанный паштет к функциональному продукту. При этом содержание некоторых компонентов (Mn, Cu, витаминов В, В) превысило уровень 50 % суточной потребности, благодаря чему паштет также можно отнести к витаминизированным продуктам. Выявлено улучшение сбалансированности состава полиненасыщенных жирных кислот, в разработанном продукте соотношение омега-6 к омега-3 кислот соответствовало рекомендациям НИИ питания РАМН (5-10:1) и составляло соответственно (омега-6 : омега-3) 7:1. Биологическая ценность спроектированного паштета находится на высоком уровне и достигает значения 69,8 %, показатель КРАС 30,2 %, что свидетельствует о незначительном количестве избыточных аминокислот в белковой фракции продукта. The protection of reproductive health involves many areas of activity, including measures aimed at correcting the nutritional status of men and women of reproductive age, especially pregnant and lactating women. The object of research was liver pate of preventive and therapeutic orientation with the inclusion of a food system based on food albumin, wheat germ cake and beans. Organoleptic, functional-technological, rheological, quality and safety indicators, the microstructure of the pate are studied, the parameters and modes of preparation of the food system and the finished product with its use are justified. It was found that the mass fraction of nutrients such as iron, zinc, H, P and water-soluble vitamins (B and B) was at the level of 20 % or more of the daily requirement. There was an increase in the content of folic acid, vitamins B, B, C and D in the range from 20 to 50% of the daily requirement, which allows us to attribute the developed pate to a functional product. At the same time, the content of some components (manganese, copper, vitamins B, B) exceeded the level of 50 % of the daily requirement, so that the pate can also be attributed to fortified products. An improvement in the balance of the composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids was revealed, the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 acids in the developed product corresponded to the recommendations of the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (5-10:1) and was respectively (omega-6 : omega-3) 7:1. The biological value of the designed pate is at a high level and reaches a value of 69.8 %, the RED indicator (30.2 %), which indicates an insignificant amount of excess amino acids in the protein fraction of the product.


1978 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. LESHNER ◽  
P. T. K. TOIVOLA ◽  
E. TERASAWA

Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A. (Received 25 January 1978) Diurnal variations in the adrenal secretion of glucocorticoids have been described in a wide range of species. Among primates, most attention has been devoted to man (e.g. Krieger, 1970; Rose, Kreuz, Holaday, Sulak & Johnson, 1972), although the secretion of cortisol in the male rhesus monkey has also been examined (e.g. Michael, Setchell & Plant, 1974; Holaday, Meyerhoff & Natelson, 1977). We present here a report of circadian variations in the concentration of cortisol in the plasma throughout the menstrual cycle of the female rhesus monkey. Three intact female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were adapted to chronic restraint in primate chairs for several months. After confirmation of normal menstrual cycles, a chronic indwelling catheter (Silastic Medical Grade Tubing, 20-gauge, Dow Corning) was inserted. The catheter was placed into the right atrium via the internal


1974 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd F. Van Pelt

Routine physical examination of laboratory-housed female rhesus monkeys can reveal lesions of the reproductive tract, and uterine cysts, ovarian cysts, cervical mucocoele, endometriosis, genital tuberculosis, and genital tract involution are briefly described. The examinations are also useful in the early determination of pregnancy, in the selection of females for breeding, and in settling mating priorities. Attention to cycle-to-cycle variation in fertility can lead to improved reproductive performance of the colony.


2011 ◽  
pp. OR34-1-OR34-1
Author(s):  
Kathryn C Calhoun ◽  
Elizabeth Padilla-Banks ◽  
Patricia A Hunt ◽  
Catherine A VandeVoort ◽  
Carmen J Williams

2016 ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
M. Makarenko ◽  
◽  
D. Hovsyeyev ◽  
L. Sydoryk ◽  
◽  
...  

Different kinds of physiological stress cause mass changes in the cells, including the changes in the structure and function of the protein complexes and in separate molecules. The protein functions is determined by its folding (the spatial conclusion), which depends on the functioning of proteins of thermal shock- molecular chaperons (HSPs) or depends on the stress proteins, that are high-conservative; specialized proteins that are responsible for the correct proteinaceous folding. The family of the molecular chaperones/ chaperonins/ Hsp60 has a special place due to the its unique properties of activating the signaling cascades through the system of Toll-like receptors; it also stimulates the cells to produce anti- inflammatory cytokines, defensins, molecules of cell adhesion and the molecules of MHC; it functions as the intercellular signaling molecule. The pathological role of Hsp60 is established in a wide range of illnesses, from diabetes to atherosclerosis, where Hsp60 takes part in the regulation of both apoptosis and the autoimmune processes. The presence of the HSPs was found in different tissues that are related to the reproductive system. Key words: molecular chaperons (HSPs), Toll-like receptors, reproductive function, natural auto antibody.


Author(s):  
V. Dodokhov ◽  
N. Pavlova ◽  
T. Rumyantseva ◽  
L. Kalashnikova

The article presents the genetic characteristic of the Chukchi reindeer breed. The object of the study was of the Chukchi reindeer. In recent years, the number of reindeer of the Chukchi breed has declined sharply. Reduced reindeer numbers could lead to biodiversity loss. The Chukchi breed of deer has good meat qualities, has high germination viability and is adapted in adverse tundra conditions of Yakutia. Herding of the Chukchi breed of deer in Yakutia are engaged only in the Nizhnekolymsky district. There are four generic communities and the largest of which is the agricultural production cooperative of nomadic tribal community «Turvaurgin», which was chosen to assess the genetic processes of breed using microsatellite markers: Rt6, BMS1788, Rt 30, Rt1, Rt9, FCB193, Rt7, BMS745, C 143, Rt24, OheQ, C217, C32, NVHRT16, T40, C276. It was found that microsatellite markers have a wide range of alleles and generally have a high informative value for identifying of genetic differences between animals and groups of animal. The number of identified alleles is one of the indicators of the genetic diversity of the population. The total number of detected alleles was 127. The Chukchi breed of deer is characterized by a high level of heterozygosity, and the random crossing system prevails over inbreeding in the population. On average, there were 7.9 alleles (Na) per locus, and the mean number of effective alleles (Ne) was 4.1. The index of fixation averaged 0.001. The polymorphism index (PIC) ranged from 0.217 to 0.946, with an average of 0.695.


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