scholarly journals Cowpea yield on soils with residues of NPK and natural phosphate fertilizers in succession the area of degraded pasture

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Emerson Gazel Teixeira ◽  
Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes ◽  
Jessivaldo Rodrigues Galvão ◽  
Wendel Valter da Silveira Pereira ◽  
Sandro Rogério Almeida Casanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Phosphate ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Degraded Pasture ◽  
And Control ◽  
Degraded Pastures

ABSTRACT The cultivation of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp] can be an important alternative in succession to maize in areas of degraded pastures due to the use of residue from fertilizers . With this, we aimed to evaluate the productivity of cowpea as a successor culture to undergo corn doses of reactive natural phosphate Arad and combinations with NPK. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a split plot with four replications. The fertilizer was applied in previous cultivation (crop) using four phosphate doses in the form of Arad natural phosphate: 50, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and the sub-plots in combination with NPK, NK, NK + liming, and control (no liming and fertilizer). The cowpea yield components were evaluated in this work. The residues of P2O5 from the natural phosphate increased the phosphorus content in the plant and influenced the number of grains per pod. The residual effect of NK+ liming and only NK showed better results for the variables grain yield, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and dry mass of aerial part. The residual effect of NPK showed better results for the mass of 100 grains.

scholarly journals Chemical Attributes of Soil and Response of Wheat to Serpentinite in Direct Seeding System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Alves A. Alovisi ◽  
Munir Mauad ◽  
Alessandra M. T. Alovisi ◽  
Luciene K. Tokura ◽  
Robervaldo S. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Ph Decrease

The serpentinite is an alternative for the correction of soil acidity and is composed of calcium and magnesium silicate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual effect of the serpentinite application on soil chemical attributes and the effects on wheat crop productivity in a no-tillage system. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a subdivided plot scheme, with four replications. The plots were constituted by serpentinite doses (0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 Mg ha-1) and in the subplots the soil collection layers (0.0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m). The chemical attributes of the soil evaluated at 41 months after the application of serpentinite, presented favorable results of the residual power of this corrective. The main results observed are related to the increase of pH, decrease of aluminum content and potential acidity, and increase of Ca, Mg and Si contents, cation exchange capacity (CTC) and base saturation. The residual of the serpentinite in the soil contributed with an improvement in the chemical attributes of the soil, which favored the increase of the dry mass, number of spikes and yield of the wheat crop.

scholarly journals Residual effect of imazapyr + imazapic on cotton grown in succession to soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 400-405
Author(s):  
Samia R. de S. Ribeiro ◽  
Amanda dos S. Souza ◽  
Jéssica F. L. Leal ◽  
Junior Borella ◽  
André L. S. Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Carryover Effect ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Shoot Mass

ABSTRACT The long residual period of pre-emergent herbicides can interfere with successor crops, causing a phenomenon named carryover. This study evaluated the residual effect of imazapyr + imazapic herbicides on cotton crop grown in succession to soybean. The experiment was conducted between September 2016 and March 2017, in a randomized block design with 4 replicates, where the treatments were four doses of imazapyr + imazapic, 75, 150, 225 and 300 g a.i. ha-1, and the control. The analyzed variables were chlorophyll a fluorescence, shoot height, root length and volume, dry shoot mass and root dry mass. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test, at p ≤ 0.05. The reduction in photosynthetic performance indexes for treatments of 150, 225 and 300 g a.i. ha-1 at 15 days after emergence (DAE) and of 75 g a.i ha-1 at 60 DAE indicated a photoinhibitory effect of these herbicides on plants. However, shoot height, length, volume and root dry mass were not affected in the treatments tested. Therefore, the persistence of the herbicide in the soil was not enough to characterize a carryover effect in cotton 135 days after application (DAA).

scholarly journals Vegetative characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L.) as bioindicator parameter of herbicide in the soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1171-1179
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida Peres Oliveira ◽  
Edna Maria Bonfim Silva ◽  
Tonny José Araújo da Silva ◽  
Jefferson Vieira José ◽  
Káritta Saldanha Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Simulated Rain ◽  
Rain Simulation ◽  
Polynomial Regression Model

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the presence of the herbicide 2,4-D in the Neosol. We conducted the experiment in a greenhouse using the soybean crop as a bioindicator. A randomized block design with 5 x 3 factorial scheme composed of five application periods before sowing (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days) and three simulated rain (0 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm), with four repetitions was conducted. The herbicide dose was 1500 g a.i. ha-1, the rainfall was simulated one hour after pulverization. Twelve hours after the last rain simulation, Cv. TMG® ANTA 82 RR was sown, and pot moisture remained at 80% of pot capacity throughout the experiment. Herbicide in the soil was evaluated by visual plant phyto-intoxication, plant height, shoot fresh mass and root fresh mass, and shoot dry mass and root dry mass at 26 days after sowing. Statistical analysis was performed according to the polynomial regression model. The application of herbicides in dry soils that remained without rain during the first hours resulted in greater residual effect on the soil (0 mm of rain). The occurrence of higher humidity accelerated the degradation of the herbicide in the soil (30 mm of rain). Longer periods between application and sowing provided more significant increments. The herbicide’s toxic effects reduced linearly as started from 12 days before sowing. The 2,4-D showed low persistence in the soil, and 12 days was observed to represent a safe time length between spraying and sowing, regardless of the occurrence of rainfall. The soybean was a good indicator of 2,4-D.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and potassium supply and the morphogenic and productive characteristics of marandu palisadegrass

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1666-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Mahmoud Megda ◽  
Francisco Antonio Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
System Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Specific Length

The objective of this work was to study morphogenic characteristics, and dry matter production of roots and shoots of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) submitted to combinations of nitrogen and potassium, in a nutritive solution, employing silica as substrate. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse during the summer. It was used a 5² fractionated factorial scheme with 13 combinations of nitrogen and potassium, which were distributed in a randomized block design, with four replications. The nitrogen × potassium interaction was significant for the number of tillers and leaves, for leaf area, for shoots and root section dry mass, for total length and surface and specific length and surface in the roots. Production of aerial part dry mass positively correlated with the number of tillers and leaves and grass leaf area. Nitrogen rates modulated the root system development, and the root specific length and surface decreased when high rates of nitrogen and potassium were supllied. Nitrogen and potassium influence Marandu palisadegrass morphogenic characteristics, which are determinant for grass dry matter production.

scholarly journals Residual effect of sewage sludge fertilization on sunflower yield and nutrition

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1005-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann C. de Albuquerque ◽  
Geraldo R. Zuba Junio ◽  
Regynaldo A. Sampaio ◽  
Luiz A. Fernandes ◽  
Fabiano B. S. Prates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Potential Acidity

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the residual effect of sewage sludge fertilization on yield and nutrition of sunflower in its second cycle. The experiment was carried out from April to August 2012. The treatments consisted of four doses of sewage sludge (0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha-1, dry basis) applied in the first cycle of sunflower, distributed in a randomized block design, with six replicates. Sunflower stem diameter, plant height, capitulum diameter and yield increased with the increment in sewage sludge doses, with maximum values observed with the dose of 30 t ha-1. The contents of calcium and magnesium in the soil, pH, sum of bases, effective and potential cation exchange capacity and base saturation increased, while potential acidity and the contents of manganese and iron in the leaves decreased, with the increment in the residual doses of sewage sludge. There was a reduction in yield and growth characteristics of sunflower in the second cycle; thus, additional fertilization with sewage sludge is recommended in each new cycle.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF FORAGE CACTUS VARIETIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIPE LIMA DE AMORIM ◽  
JANAINA AZEVEDO MARTUSCELLO ◽  
JOSÉ TEODORICO DE ARAÚJO FILHO ◽  
DANIEL DE NORONHA FIGUEIREDO VIEIRA DA CUNHA ◽  
LIANA JANK
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT: Cultivars of the genus Nopalea are known in Brazil for being tolerant to cochineal carmine attacks, thus making the cultivation of this genus a promising alternative for mitigating the negative effects of this insect on the production of biomass. With the objectives of characterizing morphologically spineless forage cactus varieties and identify morphological characteristics that may be the focus in spineless forage cactus breeding programs, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 11 treatments and four replications. The variety Alagoas showed the highest values of weight, area and volume of cladodes. The varieties Negro Michoacan F7 and V7, Tamazunchale V12 showed the highest values of the cladode area index, the total volume of cladodes and total fresh mass production. The varieties Negro Michoacan V7 and F7 presented the highest water use efficiency and dry mass yield. Cladode volume showed the highest correlation coefficients with the fresh weight of cladodes. Aiming the release of varieties for biomass production, varieties Negro Michoacan F7, V7 and Tamazunchale V12 may substitute the Miúda variety. The number and cladode area index may be used as criteria for selection of superior varieties in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Drought-induced alterations in the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the relation with drought tolerance in sugar cane

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Ramos da Silva ◽  
Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta ◽  
Samira Domingues Carlin ◽  
Bruna Robiati Telles
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Transpiration ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Prolonged Drought ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACT Although there are evidences that the proper supply of mineral nutrients to plants relieves water stress, little is known on the approach of how the drought affects the absorption and accumulation of nutrients by distinct sugar cane genotypes, or in different parts of a same plant. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the content and accumulation of N, P and K in the aerial part of plant from three genotypes of sugar cane, submitted to three water potentials in the soil, and check the relationship of these variables with the tolerance of plants to prolonged drought. In order to access this objective, an experiment under greenhouse conditions, comprised by a fatorial 3 × 3, in a randomized block design, and four replicates was carried out. After 90 days from treatment imposition, the plant transpiration rate, plant dry mass, concentration of N, P and K were determined in leaves and culms, as well as in total plant shoot were measured. It was found that tolerance to drought in sugar cane is related to higher levels of N and K in the leaves and stems, and larger accumulations of K and P in the plant shoot. There is high positive correlations among accumulation of N, P and K in the plant shoot and dry matter production by plants submitted to drought. There are intermediate correlations among plant transpiration and nutrient uptake by plants under drought. Plants of the genotype SP81-3250 are more tolerante to prolonged drought, than the RB855453 and IACSP95-5000 plants.

scholarly journals Interference of Urochloa plantaginea on Morphophysiology and Yield Components of Black Beans

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Milena Barretta Franceschetti ◽  
Leandro Galon ◽  
Maico André Michelon Bagnara ◽  
Renan Pawelkiewicz ◽  
Leonardo Brunetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Black Beans ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Among the factors which affect crop productivity, there are weeds which compete for environment resources. The objective of this work was to determine the periods of interference of alexandergrass on the morphophysiology and productivity components of black beans. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with four replications. The bean cultivar of the black type used was IPR Uirapuru, being the treatments separated in two models of interference: in the coexistence group, the crop of the bean lived with the alexandergrass by growing periods of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and throughout the cycledays after emergence and throughout the cycle; in the control group the crop was kept free of the infestation for the same periods described previously. At 42 DAE were evaluated the variables related to plant morphology and physiology (height of bean plants, number of trifoliate leaves, dry mass plant, number of grains pods, number od pods plants, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, photosynthetic activity, efficiency of carboxylation, efficient use of water, transpiration rate). Considering the results, it is possible to conclude that the critical period of interference prevention (CPIP) comprises 24 to 50 DAE, the period before the interference (PBI) was 24 DAE and the total period of interference prevention (TPIP) was 50 days and that the morphological and physiological variables of the plants were negatively affected in the coexistence with the alexandergrass when compared to the treatments kept free of weeds throughout the crop cycle.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PRA LANSIA PRE HIPERTENSI YANG DIBERI JUS TOMAT (Lycopersicum grandifilum)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
Hari Yani Fadillah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressure Treatment ◽  
And Control

The research aims to know the effect of tomato juice on blood pressure in pre-elderly pre hypertension at Posbindu Puskesmas Nusa Indah Bengkulu City.The design of research was a quasi experiment include pre test post test. This population was all patients posbindu aged 45-59 years. Sampling of this research randomized block design of one factorial were 6 samples divided into treatment and control group. The data which have been analyzed using univariate and bivariate. From this research were obtained the results such as the mean of sistole blood pressure before and after intervention in treatment group p = 0,273 and diastole p = 0,27. Mean systole blood pressure control group p = 0.060 and diastole p = 2.14. Distribution of tomato juice (Lycopersicum grandifilum) did not given affect the decrease in blood pressure of systole diastole before and after intervention in pre-elderly pre hypertension. Whereas the difference in mean systole of blood pressure treatment and control group p = 0.935 and diastolic of blood pressure p = 0.678. There ware not difference in mean of blood pressure in the tomato juice treatment group and control of Vitamin C. The result concluded there were not effect of tomato juice (Lycopersicum grandifilum) on systolic of blood pressure in pre-elderly pre hypertension at Posbindu Puskesmas Nusa Indah Bengkulu City.

scholarly journals Cutting Height of Mombasa Grass Under Silvopastoral and Monoculture Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
M. O. D. Rodrigues ◽  
A. C. dos Santos ◽  
M. O. D. Rodrigues ◽  
O. Silveira Junior ◽  
L. B. T. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Main Variable ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
Cutting Height

This study aimed to evaluate the production of Mombasa grass cultivation under two different systems: monoculture and silvopastoral, with heights of 70, 80, 90, and 100 cm. Two seasons were evaluated: rainy period (December to March) and rain/drought transition (March to June). The variables evaluated were: total dry mass (TDM), dry mass (DM) of the morphological components, number of tillers, efficiency of nitrogen use, DM content, number of harvest cycles and cutting intervals. The experimental design was a randomized block design with five replications. The monoculture system presented the highest yields of TDM, number of tillers and DM of the morphological components in the two evaluated periods. The main variable affected by shading was the number of tillers per area, which directly affects all variables linked to production. In addition to the type of system, the time of the year also influenced the production of DM of the grass. The evaluation of grass productivity in silvopastoral system evidenced that the plant tends to respond differently to cutting management when compared to the monoculture system. In the monoculture system, the recommended height for greater TDM yield and better leaf/stem ratio in the rainy period and the rainy/drought transition period was 80 cm, maintaining the residue height at 40 cm. As for SSP, cutting height of 70 cm presented the highest TDM and leaf/stem ratio for the two evaluated periods, maintaining the residue height at 40 cm.

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