scholarly journals Aluminum toxicity effect on the initial growth of yacon plantlets

Revista CERES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Tiago Pacheco Mendes ◽  
Fábio Luiz de Oliveira ◽  
Marcelo Antonio Tomaz ◽  
Wagner Nunes Rodrigues ◽  
Ariany das Graças Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Foliage Development

ABSTRACT The increasing consumption of yacon potato has raised worldwide interest in its crop and generated demand for scientific elucidations of several factors associated to its agricultural management. Among the demands, there are the studies related to the effects of aluminum (Al3+) on the development of yacon plants. Thus, this study was developed to evaluate the effects of aluminum on budding and initial growth of yacon plantlets. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design, with three replications and six aluminum contents in the substrate: 0, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg L-1. The response of yacon plantlets to aluminum contents was evaluated by the emergence time, emergence speed index, number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, radicle length, and dry mass weight of leaves, stems, and radicles. The presence of aluminum in the substrate negatively influences the emergence and initial growth of yacon, causing losses in foliage development (number of leaves and leaf area), in biomass accumulation, growth and, especially, restricting the development of radicles. Aluminum toxicity fully inhibits radicle growth in substrate contents above 83 mg L-1, under the controlled conditions used in this experiment.

scholarly journals FLAME RETARDANTS EFFECTS ON THE INITIAL GROWTH OF Schizolobium amazonicum HUBER EX DUCKE

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elen Silma Oliveira Cruz Ximenes ◽  
Andréa Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Adilson Pacheco de Souza ◽  
Josiane Fernandes Keffer ◽  
Alison Martins dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Positive Effect

ABSTRACT Flame retardants are efficient in fighting wildfire; however, their environmental implications, especially regarding the vegetation, need to be clarified. This work aimed at assessing the effects of flame retardant on the initial growth of Schizolobium amazonicum. Treatments consisted in applying different flame retardant concentrations via substrate and leaf: Phos-Chek WD-881® (0, 3.00, 6.00, 8.00 and 10.00 mL L-1), Hold Fire® (0, 7.00, 9.00, 12.00 and 15.00 mL L-1) and water-retaining polymer Nutrigel® used as alternative retardant (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 g L-1). Growth analyses were carried out to assess the effects of these substances (10 repetitions per treatment). The aliquot of 10.00 mL L-1 of Phos-Chek WD881 applied on the leaves led to an increase of 70% in leaf area and 15% in seedling height. The same Phos-Chek concentration favored height increase (32%) and total dry mass accumulation (33%) throughout time. The concentration of 15 mL L-1 of Hold Fire® applied on leaves, compromised 45% the accumulation of dry biomass in the seedling. Initially, 1.00 g L-1 of Nutrigel® applied via substrate led to an increase of 70% in leaf area, 29% in plant height, and 89% in leaf dry mass. Therefore, Phos-Chek applied on leaves favored shoot growth in S. amazonicum. Hold Fire® applied on leaves impaired biomass accumulation in seedlings. Nutrigel® applied on substrate does not cause long-lasting damage to the initial growth of S. amazonicum. The aliquot of 0.50 g L-1 administered via polymer leave had positive effect on seedling shoot.

scholarly journals Effects of plant growth regulators in heliconia ‘Red Opal’

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Ana Cecilia Ribeiro de Castro ◽  
Fernando José Hawerroth ◽  
Carlos Alberto Kenji Taniguchi ◽  
Tiago Freitas Silva ◽  
Nazaré Suziane Soares
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
One Year

The objective of this study was to evaluate growth regulators with purpose of reducing the size of heliconia ‘Red Opal’ potted plants. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with five treatments (trinexapac-ethyl and paclobutrazol at rates of 37.5 and 75.0 mg of active ingredient per pot and control without growth regulator) and five replicates. The treatments were applied 40 days after planting the rhizomes in pots filled with soil. Thirty and 150 days after the growth regulator application, plant height, number of leaves and shoots, petioles length and leaf area were evaluated. One year after planting the rhizomes in pots the number of inflorescence and leaves (leaves, sheathing leaf bases and inflorescences) and rhizomes (rhizomes and roots) dry mass were determined. Trinexapac-ethyl had no differences compared to the control in any of the variables evaluated. Paclobutrazol proved effective in reducing plant height, leaf area and petiole length and increase in number of leaves and shoots but the effect was temporary. Also, it did not affect the inflorescences production and leaves and rhizomes dry mass. Paclobutrazol is efficient to promote height reduction and to increase the number of shoots in heliconia ‘Red Opal’ potted plants without affect the inflorescence formation but its effects is temporary.

scholarly journals Influence of Weeds on Yacon Initial Growth and Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.O. CABRAL ◽  
F.L. OLIVEIRA ◽  
L.P. DALVI ◽  
A.G. TEIXEIRA ◽  
L.J.F.N. ROCHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Stems

ABSTRACT: The consumption of yacon has been increasing around the world due to the nutritional and pharmaceutical properties of this plant. The growing commercial interest in yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) generates a demand for crop management research studies, including the effect of weed competition on yacon, which was not yet studied. Thus, this study was performed with the objective of evaluating the effects of weed competition on yacon development and growth. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and seven replicates. Treatments were yacon with the interference of four weed species: Cyperus rotundus L. (nutgrass), Commelina benghalensis L. (tropical spiderwort), Amaranthus viridis L. (slender amaranth) and Bidens pilosa L. (hairy beggarticks). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using 10 dm3 pots. Plant height, number of leaves, number of stems, leaf area, fresh and dry mass weight (total and partial), and chlorophyll A, B and total were evaluated. The weed competition resulted in a decrease in the yacon development (height, number of leaves, number of stems, leaf area), photosynthetic rate (decreased chlorophyll content A, B and total) and yield, as also decreased the accumulation of fresh and dry biomass of tuberous roots. C. benghalensis L. and A. viridis L. were the weeds most affecting the development and growth of yacon.

scholarly journals Saline-sodic soil and organic matter addition in the cultivation of the colored cotton ‘BRS Topázio’

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Magaly Morgana Lopes da Costa ◽  
Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Francisco Wesley Alves Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Number Of Leaves

he prevailing climate of the semiarid region in the northeastern region of Brazil along with inadequate irrigation management, have caused the formation of halomorphic soils, which have hampered agricultural production and environmental sustainability of this region. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the emergence and initial growth of the cotton cultivar ‘BRS Topázio’ cultivated in soil with different levels of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and concentrations of organic matter (OM) in a greenhouse from April to June 2014. The experiment was set in a randomized block design in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, with three replicates, and the treatments consisted of five ESP levels (13.6, 22.4, 30.1, 39.0, and 48.0) and four OM concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15% based on soil volume). Soils with an ESP ranging from 13.6 to 48.0 did not interfere with the emergence and number of leaves of cotton at 10 days after seeding (DAS). At 44 DAS, in the period preceding the flowering stage, ESPs ranging from 27 to 30 promoted greater plant height, stem diameter, and shoot fresh and dry matter. Increasing OM increased the emergence percentage and emergence speed index and, at 44 DAS, increased plant height, stem diameter, and shoot fresh and dry matter. Increasing OM mitigated the effect of the exchangeable sodium up to an ESP of 30 on the number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area at 10 DAS, and up to mean ESPs of 28.5 and 34.0 for the number of leaves and leaf area, respectively, at 44 DAS.

scholarly journals The production of Physalis spp. seedlings grown under different-colored shade nets

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Rafael Pio ◽  
Joyce Dória Rodrigues Soares ◽  
Paulyene Vieira Nogueira ◽  
Pedro Maranha Peche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of seedlings of Physalis L. species under different-colored shade nets. Four shade nets individually stained white, blue, red and black, all with 50% shading, were used in this study, and an additional  treatment (control) was used in which seedlings were grown in full sun. The study examined four species of Physalis, namely, P. peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima and P. ixocarpa. The experiment followed a randomized block design with three blocks and 25 seeds per plot. The species were sown in styrofoam trays. Germination was monitored daily to calculate the Emergency Velocity Index (EVI) and stabilize the overall percentage of emergence. Height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area index and dry mass of seedlings were assessed at 50 days after sowing. The study found that these species react differently to changes in the light spectrum. Seedlings of P. peruviana should be grown under a white or red shade net; of P. pubescens under a white or black shade net; of P. minima under a white, red or black shade net; and of P. ixocarpa under a white shade net. For all species, 50% shade should be used. 

scholarly journals Initial growth of zucchini irrigated with saline water in soil with biofertilizers

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juvenaldo Florentino Canjá ◽  
Josimar De Azevedo ◽  
Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Clarissa Lima Magalhães ◽  
Thales Vinícius De Araújo Viana
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Zucchini culture is slightly sensitive to salinity and is among the ten vegetables of highest economic value, with characteristics of precocity and easy cultivation. These characteristics are some of the reasons for the expansion of its cultivation among small producers. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of different levels of salinity in the irrigation water and biofertilizer types on the initial growth of the zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) culture. The experiment was carried out in the full sunlight in a randomized block design, in a 5x2 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of a combination of five types of biofertilizers (quail, sheep, mixed, bovine, and crab) and two salinity levels of the irrigation water (0.8 and 2.5 dS m-1), with five replicates. At 30 days after transplanting, the following variables were evaluated: electrical conductivity of the substrate, plant height, number of leaves, roots length, stem diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, dry mass of the aerial part, root dry mass, and total dry mass. Salt stress negatively interferes with the accumulation of zucchini plant biomass. Quail, bovine, and sheep biofertilizers are more efficient about plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter. The sheep biofertilizer attenuates the salt stress for the dry mass of the aerial part, the root, and the total dry mass.

scholarly journals Evaluation of leaf and root absorptions of glyphosate in the growth of coffee plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edimilson Alves Barbosa ◽  
Isabel Moreira da Silva ◽  
André Cabral França ◽  
Enilson de Barros Silva ◽  
Christiano da Conceição de Matos
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Reduced Dose ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

ABSTRACT Intoxication by dispersion of glyphosate droplets in coffee seedlings is common and, in addition to the problem of drift, there are reports of contamination of this herbicide to a nontarget plant via the rhizosphere. Hydroponics allows the comparison of the translocation of the glyphosate absorbed by the foliage or the roots and avoids the interaction with the soil, which could hamper the achievement of more accurate conclusions when it is absorbed by the root. Thus, the toxicity of glyphosate sublethal dosages in the initial growth of coffee plants in hydroponics was evaluated by applying four sublethal dosages in two different locations (solution and leaf). Fifty days after the application of the herbicide, the intoxication percentage and the growth of the coffee seedlings were evaluated. From the reduced dose of 115.2 g·ha-1 of glyphosate, height reductions, root length; number of leaves, dry mass of leaf, roots and total, leaf area, and leaf mass ratio were observed. The first two parameters were observed only in leaf application and the others via leaf and solution. The aerial part–root ratio system had an increase in herbicide sublethal dosages when applied to leaves and the ratio of leaf area and specific leaf area increased in both applications. Sublethal dosages of glyphosate applied to young coffee plants under hydroponic conditions impair their growth, and it is more accentuated with increasing doses and when the leaves, instead of the roots, absorb the herbicide.

scholarly journals N:K RATIO FOR PHENOLOGICAL GROWTH STAGES OF NET MELON CULTIVATED IN NFT HYDROPONIC SYSTEM1

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
CAMILA SENO NASCIMENTO ◽  
CAROLINA SENO NASCIMENTO ◽  
ARTHUR BERNARDES CECÍLIO FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT The adequate ratio in the supply of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) for each phenological growth stage of melon is fundamental for its growth and development with the maximization of the dry mass partition between the vegetative and reproductive parts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of N and K concentrations in two phenological growth stages (vegetative and reproductive stage) of melon and obtain the best N:K ratio for each one. In the first stage, four concentrations of N (8, 11, 14 and 17 mmol L-1) and two concentrations of K (4 and 5 mmol L-1) were evaluated in a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme with five replicates. In the second stage, in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme, the combinations of the two concentrations of N that generated the best characteristics in the previous stage and two concentrations of K (4.5 and 9.0 mmol L-1) were evaluated. The increase of the N concentration in the vegetative stage promoted the increase of the N, P and S content of leaves and the reduction of K, Ca and Mg. Moreover, it increased the number of leaves, the height of the plant (vertically tutored) and the leaf area. Therefore, 17:5 mmol L-1 was considered as the best N:K ratio for the vegetative stage. In the second stage, there was no effect of N and K concentrations on leaf area, yield and fruit quality. So, 14:4.5 mmol L-1 was considered as the best N:K ratio for the reproductive stage.

scholarly journals Iron Toxicity on Germination and Early Growth of Cecropia hololeuca Miq.

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-esp.) ◽  
pp. 584-592
Author(s):  
Josinei Rodrigues Filho ◽  
Viviana Borges Corte ◽  
Idalina Tereza de Almeida Leite Perin ◽  
Rodolpho Waichert da Silva ◽  
Camila Reis
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass

O ferro (Fe) é um nutriente essencial para as plantas, sendo insubstituível ao metabolismo. Todavia, o aumento em sua concentração leva ao acúmulo de espécies reativas de oxigênio e estresse oxidativo que resultará em prejuízos aos vegetais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito de elevadas concentrações de Fe na germinação e desenvolvimento de Cecropia hololeuca Miq. A espécie foi submetida às concentrações de 0,045, 4 e 8mM aplicados na forma de sulfato ferroso e Fe-EDTA. Foram analisadas a porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento da parte aérea, radicular, massa fresca e seca. Para a análise de desenvolvimento foi analisado a área folhar o comprimento do caule, comprimento radicular, massa fresca e seca, os pigmentos cloroplastídeos, fluorescência da clorofila, e análise dos teores de elementos via EDS. Foi verificado a atividade enzimática (SOD, CAT, POX). Ambas as fontes de Fe resultaram em danos à germinação e desenvolvimento. O tratamento com Fe-EDTA mostrou efeitos mais significativos na germinação, crescimento aéreo e radicular e biomassa das sementes. O mesmo tratamento se mostrou mais prejudicial nas plântulas jovens com quedas na clorofila a, crescimento radicular, aéreo, área folhar e biomassa. As plântulas expostas ao Fe apresentaram queda no desempenho fotossintético e no teor de cálcio (Ca) folhar. Não foi observado aumento na atividade da CAT e SOD. A POX apresentou elevação quando submetida ao Fe-EDTA 8mM. Tais resultados evidenciam que a espécie C. hololeuca se mostra sensível a toxidez por ferro, acarretando danos ao metabolismo e crescimento inicial.    Palavras-chave: Embaúba. Estresse. Metal Pesado. Toxidez.  Abstract Iron (Fe) is as an essential nutrient for plants and is irreplaceable in many metabolic processes. However, the increase in its concentration leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress that will result in damage to plant. The objective of this work was to verify the effect of high Fe concentrations on germination and initial development of Cecropia hololeuca Miq. They were submitted to concentrations of 0.045, 4 and 8mM applied as ferrous sulfate and Fe-EDTA. Germination percentage, germination speed index, shoot length and root, fresh and dry mass were analyzed. For the initial developmental the following variables were analyzed: Leaf area, stem length, root length, fresh and dry mass, chloroplast pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence analysis, analysis of element contents via EDS. The activity of enzymes (SOD, CAT, POX) was verified. Both sources of Fe resulted in damage to germination and development. Fe-EDTA treatment showed the most significant negative effects on germination, root and air growth and seed biomass accumulation. The same treatment was more detrimental in the establishment of young seedlings with decreases in chlorophyll a, root growth, aerial growth, leaf area and biomass accumulation. Seedlings exposed to Fe showed a decrease in photosynthetic performance and a decrease in leaf calcium (Ca) content. No increase in CAT and SOD enzymes activity was observed. POX increased its activity when submitted to 8mM Fe-EDTA. These results show that the species C. hololeuca is sensitive when exposed to toxic levels of Fe, causing damage to metabolism and initial growth.   Keywords: Embauba. Stress. Heavy Metal. Toxicity.

scholarly journals Proline Activity and Growth of Oil Palm affected by Aluminium Toxicity and Silica as Ameliorant

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 007
Author(s):  
Annisa Khoiriyah ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra ◽  
Prapto Yudono
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Test Level

The research aims to investigate the effects of silica (Si) as an ameliorant on the proline compound concentration and the growth response of oil palm exposed to aluminum toxicity. The research was arranged in a complete randomized block design with 8 blocks as replications. The first factor was Al toxicity which consisted of two levels as without and with Al toxicity. Al toxicity treatment was applied by giving 300 ppm of Al concentrate along with watering activity regularly. The second factor was the application of silica which consisted of four levels as 0, 32, 64 g/plant. Proline and growth activities of leaf area, plant height, number of leaves, and dry weight were observed in the research. The data subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% test level. If the result of ANOVA showed significant differences among treatments, then the data would have been analyzed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% test level. The results of the research provide information that Al toxicity increases proline compound in the plant tissues and decreases leaf area, plant height, number of leaves, and dry weight of Oil Palm. Applying Si at the level of 64 g/plant could increase proline concentrate and dry weight of oil palm exposed to A1 toxicity. Proline compound in the plant tissues did not have any correlation with the growth of oil palm. Thus, this case indicated that proline was a product and not a plant tolerant mechanism of Al toxicity.

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