scholarly journals Silicon in wheat crop under water limitation and seed tolerance to water stress during germination

Revista CERES ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-367
Author(s):  
Guilherme Fontes Valory Gama ◽  
Laryssa Bitencourt Teixeira Lima Brum ◽  
Maycon Silva Martins ◽  
Laércio Junio da Silva ◽  
Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Water Limitation

scholarly journals Determination of Wheat Growth, Crop Coefficient (KC) and Water Stress Coefficient (Ks) under Different Salinity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam Abedinpour
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stress Coefficient ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Water Stress Coefficient

A field experiment was conducted for determination of crop coefficient (KC) and water stress coefficient (Ks) for wheat crop under different salinity levels, during 2015-16. Complete randomized block design of five treatments were considered, i.e., 0.51 dS/m (fresh water) as a control treatment and other four saline water treatments (4, 6, 8 and 10 dS/m), for S1, S2, S3 and S4 with three replications. The results revealed that the water consumed by plants during the different crop growth stages follows the order of FW>S1>S2>S3>S4 salinity levels. According to the obtained results, the calculated values of crop coefficients significantly differed from those suggested by FAO No.56 for the crops. The Ks values clearly differ from one stage to another because the salt stress causes both osmotic stress, due to a decrease in the soil water potential, and ionic stress which the average values of water stress coefficient (Ks) follows this order; FW(1.0)=S1(1.0)>S2(1.0)>S3(0.93)>S4(0.82). Overall, it was found the differences are attributed primarily to specific cultivar, the changes in local climatic conditions and seasonal differences in crop growth patterns. Thus, further studies are essential to determine the crop coefficient values under different variables, to make the best management practice (BMP) in agriculture.

scholarly journals Application of SP AW model parameters - optimum sowing date and water stress to explain wheat yield variability

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-574
Author(s):  
R. K. MALL ◽  
B. R. D. GUPTA ◽  
K. K. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Water Stress Index ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Daily Weather Data

The Soil-Plant-Atmosphere- Water (SPA W) model has been calibrated and validated using field experiment data from 1991-92 to 1993-94 for wheat crop at Varanasi district. Long-term (1973-74 to 1995-96) daily weather data were combined with general observation of wheat growth and soils to provide daily water budgets for 23 years. The model was calibrated with one year detailed crop growth characteristics and soil water observations and validated with another year soil water observations. The daily-integrated water stress index (WSI) values at the end of crop season correlated quite well with observed grain yield in this region.   The water budget analysis shows a distinct optimum sowing period from 5th to 25th November and  an optimum sowing date on 15th November with minimal water stress index. These results demonstrate the potential of SPA W model for planning irrigation scheduling and water management for wheat crop in this region.

Comparison of physiological response to growth stage-based supplemental and conventional irrigation management of wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Adnan Al-ghawry ◽  
Attila Yazar ◽  
Mustafa Unlu ◽  
Celaleddin Barutcular ◽  
Yeşim Bozkurt Çolak
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
Conventional Irrigation

Abstract A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different conventional and supplemental irrigation strategies on leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and chlorophyll content (SPAD) yield and irrigation water productivity (IWP) of wheat using sprinkler line source in 2014 and 2015 in the Mediterranean region. The irrigation strategies were, supplemental irrigation (SI) during flowering and grain filling (SIFG), SI during grain filling (SIG), SI during flowering (SIF) and conventional irrigation (CI). These strategies were conducted under four irrigation levels 25, 50, 75, 100% and a rain-fed as control. The results indicated that CI100 and CI75 produced the greater grain yield and IWP, respectively. CI100 resulted in the increased chlorophyll content by 8.8% over rain-fed. The results confirmed that the SPAD and stomatal conductance values were not equally sensitive to water stress during growth stages. The wheat crop suffered a greater SPAD and gs reductions when the water stress occurred during the grain filling stage (SIF strategy) compared to other strategies, which means that the grain filling stage is more sensitive and effective to decrease the yield of winter wheat. The higher grain yields were achieved when the seasonal mean gs reached 207.4 mmol/m2s in CI and 169.2 mmol/m2s in SI, and the stomatal closure responded well to low, moderate and severe drought treatments. The leaf stomatal conductance (gs) was correlated linearly with grain yield. These relations could be used as a physiological indicator to evaluate water stress effect on the growth and productivity of wheat.

scholarly journals Wheat water use and yield under different salinity of irrigation water

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam Abedinpour
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stress Coefficient ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Water Stress Coefficient

Abstract A field experiment was conducted for determination of crop coefficient (KC) and water stress coefficient (Ks) for wheat crop under different salinity levels, during 2015–2016. Complete randomized block design of five treatments were considered, i.e., 0.51 dS·m−1 (fresh water, FW) as a control treatment and other four saline water treatments (4, 6, 8 and 10 dS·m−1), for S1, S2, S3 and S4 with three replications. The results revealed that the water consumed by plants during the different crop growth stages follows the order of FW > S1 > S2 > S3 > S4 salinity levels. According to the obtained results, the calculated values of KC significantly differed from values released by FAO paper No 56 for the crops. The Ks values clearly differ from one stage to another because the salt accumulation in the root zone causes to reduction of total soil water potential (Ψt), therefore, the average values of water stress coefficient (Ks) follows this order; FW(1.0) = S1(1.0) > S2(1.0) > S3(0.93) > S4(0.82). Precise data of crop coefficient, which is required for regional scale irrigation management is lacking in developing countries. Thus, the estimated values of crop coefficient under different variables are essential to achieve the best management practice (BMP) in agriculture.

scholarly journals Comparison of Effectiveness of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) on Vitis vinifera under Low Irrigation Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fattahi ◽  
S. Nasrollahpourmoghadam ◽  
A. Mohammadkhani
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Water Limitation

Background: Grapevine is an important perennial crop worldwide, consumed as fresh or dried (raisins) fruit. Grapevines are exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses during their growth. Water shortage is one of the primary stressors and severely restricts the development of the grape industry. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a kind of beneficial soil microorganism, can create a symbiotic association with plant roots forming arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs), which play a role in the regulation of plant growth. Methods: This research was accomplished in order to investigate the effect of 4 species mycorrhizal fungi on grapevine ‘Asgari’ cultivar under water stress conditions. We use of 3 irrigation regime that consist: 100% (as control), 70 and 40 % of field capacity. As well as, mycorrhizal treatments include: non-use of mycorrhizal (NM) and use of mycorrhiza (M) (Glomus mosseae, G. intraradices, G. etunicatum and G. verciform). Result: The results indicated that shoot and root dry weight, pigments (total chlorophyll and carotenoids), relative water content (RWC), P, Mg2+ and Ca2+ under water limitation decreased but electrolyte leakage (EL), proline and total soluble sugars (TSS) increased chlorophyll content, RWC and nutrient (P, K+ and Ca2+) in M plants was higher than NM plants. Generally, the use of mycorrhiza fungi in this experiment reduced the harmful effects of water stress. Our results shown that G. verciform and G. etunicatum were better for symbiosis with “Asgari” grapevine under water limitation.

Winter Wheat Crop Reflectance and Nitrogen Sufficiency Index Values are Influenced by Nitrogen and Water Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1612-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Clay ◽  
Tulsi Prasad Kharel ◽  
Cheryl Reese ◽  
Dwayne Beck ◽  
C. Gregg Carlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop

Efficiency of water use by irrigated wheat in the Sudan

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. El Nadi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Irrigated Wheat ◽  
Water Treatments

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted to study the differential responses of a wheat crop to water stress during different stages of its growth. Evidence was produced to show that both the flowering phase and the stage of grain filling and maturation were more sensitive to drought than the vegetative period of growth. Yield of wheat was not reduced when the crop suffered from cycles of water stress induced during the vegetative period, if the crop received favourable water regimes thereafter. Efficiency of water utilization from different water treatments was assessed. There was no relation between the protein and starch contents of the grain and the type of water treatment.The effects of different water treatments on crop development and on components of yield were studied.

scholarly journals Impact of Soil Water Stress at Seed Development Stage on Phenology, Fecundity and Seed Dormancy of Avena sterilis ssp. ludoviciana

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali ◽  
Michael Widderick ◽  
Alwyn Williams ◽  
Steve Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Soil Water Stress ◽  
No Till

Wild oat (Avena sterilis ssp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Nyman) is considered the most difficult-to-control winter weed in the northern grain region (NGR) of Australia particularly following the adoption of no-till conservation agriculture and the enhanced reliance on herbicides for weed control. A diversity of survival mechanisms is responsible for its persistence in no-till conservation cropping. Among them long-term, variable seed dormancy is the most important. A number of environmental stresses (for example drought) are known to affect the seed dormancy status. We hypothesized that the increasing frequency of hot and dry period in late winter/early spring season in the NGR might help to mature and shed less dormant wild oat seeds before the wheat crop is harvested. This early shedding of highly germinable seed better aids persistence in no-till conservation cropping systems. Our research showed that soil water stress applied at seed development stage resulted in lower number (16–22% less) of early maturing (5–20 days earlier) less dormant (28% less) seeds compared with control plants. This observation was made for a number of biotypes either coming from within one location or between locations within the NGR. Thus, the frequent hot and dry period at the time of seed development in the NGR is responsible for production of less dormant Avena sterilis ssp. ludoviciana seeds where no-till conservation cropping is helping to retain these seeds on the top soil. Under favourable germination conditions in the following season these less dormant seeds will immediately be available to re-infest the autumn/winter-sown wheat crop.

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