scholarly journals Economic impact of Huanglongbing on orange production

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Vaz da Costa ◽  
Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro Neves ◽  
Renato Beozzo Bassanezi ◽  
Rui Pereira Leite Junior ◽  
Tiago Santos Telles
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
Citrus Plant ◽  
Citrus Diseases ◽  
Useful Life

Abstract Huanglongbing (HLB) is considered one of the main citrus diseases; it spreads quickly through orchards, reducing the production and quality of the fruit of affected plants, and causes significant economic losses. In this context, the aim of this study was to estimate the incidence and economic impact of the losses generated by HLB in the micro-region of Paranavaí, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. We used data from the Paraná Agribusiness Defense Agency, which conducts surveys of host plants of the causal agent of HLB. The production sacrificed by HLB was estimated considering the following scenarios: (i) losses occurring from January 2011 to June 2013; and (ii) losses related to the potential production of the citrus plant over its useful life. Although the annual incidence of HLB in the Paranavaí region is currently below 2.5%, there was a 6-fold increase in the incidence of the disease, from 0.16% to 0.96%, in the period considered. Orchards that had lesser than 10,000 plants showed a higher incidence of the disease. The losses produced by HLB generated estimated economic impacts of US$11.8 million and US$39.2 million for the first and second scenarios, respectively. These results highlight the importance of the prevention and management of this disease.

scholarly journals Economic losses due to Vernonia rubricaulis poisoning in cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 2217-2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Cezar Soares ◽  
Rayane C. Pupin ◽  
Carolina C. Guizelini ◽  
Alberto O. Gaspar ◽  
Danilo C. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Toxic Plants ◽  
Adult Females

ABSTRACT: Vernonia rubricaulis is a hepatotoxic plant found in the Pantanal biome. Under natural conditions, it is responsible for highly fatal poisonings in cattle. From January 1999 to December 2016, 33 outbreaks of V. rubricaulis poisoning were recorded, resulting in 1509 bovine deaths, of which 719 (47.6%) were adult females, 413 (27.4%) were adult males, 244 (16.2%) adult cattle with no information about sex and 133 (8.8%) calves. The coefficients of morbidity, mortality and lethality were respectively 2.79%, 2.77% and 99.24%. Most outbreaks occurred in properties containing up to 1,000 cattle, where the most significant economic impacts were also observed. Among the total recorded deaths, the total direct monetary loss was estimated at US$764,893.33, which represents an average of 3.05% of the total assets (US$25,090,683.51) of the herds involved in the outbreaks. The plant can cause more severe damage to properties with less than 500 cattle, and can reach 50% of the total value of the herd. In comparison to other methods, the methodology used in this study has an economic impact consistent with reality, not overestimating the losses. Toxic plants, such as V. rubricaulis, can cause significant economic losses in the extensive systemic livestock, and it is important decision-making and prophylactic management to avoid the occurrence of poisoning in the herds.

scholarly journals Economic impacts of Covid-19 on the labor market and human capital

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-96
Author(s):  
Marek Dvořák ◽  
Patrik Rovný ◽  
Veronika Grebennikova ◽  
Marina Faminskaya
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Public Officials

This paper tackles the economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the labor markets and human capital. Specifically, it looks into the issues the pandemic brought upon the human resources and personnel during coronavirus lockdowns. Our results identify that in spite of all the adverse effects of the pandemic such as the excessive burden on the healthcare system, great economic losses and disruptions on the labor market (such as the loss of human capital and widening gaps in gender inequality) due to the lockdowns in many countries intended to slow down the spread of the infection with the purpose of flattening the curve representing the numbers of the COVID-19 patients, the current situation had many positive economic effects. For instance, we find that the recent pandemic helped to increase the financial inclusion and enabled broader access to financial system. In addition, during the past few months, digitalization and the use of information technology deepened and progressed in both large and small enterprises as well as in the higher education institutions. Moreover, COVID-19 pandemic helped to develop the awareness about the climate change among many people by demonstrating how the decrease in economic activity can have a profound effect on cutting CO2 emissions. Furthermore, we find that COVID-19 pandemic contributed to optimizing work load and cutting unnecessary work in many large and small business companies and public institutions. It is likely that most of them will continue with this optimization and digitalization of work after the pandemic is over. Last but not least, we note the enhanced family life and interpersonal relations that would without any doubt contribute to the quality of human capital and the level of happiness. Our results might be useful for public officials and labor market specialists who would want to grasp the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and to find ways how to smoothen its impacts.

Economic Impact of Lifestyle Behaviour and Quality of Sleep on Long-Term Sickness Absence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noora Kanerva ◽  
Paulus Torkki ◽  
Ossi Rahkonen ◽  
Johanna Pekkala ◽  
Olli Pietiläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviour

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physiological and Quality Parameters of Green Asparagus Spears Subjected to Three Treatments against the Decline Syndrome

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier López-Moreno ◽  
Santiago Atero-Calvo ◽  
Eloy Navarro-León ◽  
Begoña Blasco ◽  
Teresa Soriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Death ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
High Level ◽  
Green Asparagus

Green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a widely grown and consumed crop which provides high-level nutritional interest. In recent years, the decline syndrome in asparagus plantations has been rapidly augmenting. This syndrome causes the early death of whole plants, also negatively affecting the new replanting. Decline causes notable economic losses in the sector. The objective of this work was to verify the effect of different treatments against asparagus decline syndrome on the physiological parameters and nutritional quality of the spears. To meet the objective, four different treatments were applied to asparagus plots strongly affected by decline syndrome: (T1) untreated control soil, (T2) biofumigation with Brassica pellets, (T3) biofumigation with chicken manure pellets, and (T4) disinfestation of the soil with Dazomet. The cumulative yield and physiological and quality parameters of green asparagus spears were studied. Thus, malondialdehyde (MDA), photosynthetic pigments, glutathione (GSH), ascorbate (AsA), total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanin, antioxidant test, mineral nutrients, and the amino acid profile were measured on asparagus spears. The results showed that the Brassica pellets and Dazomet treatments were the most effective against the damage caused by the decline syndrome. However, it would be necessary to monitor the evolution in the following years.

scholarly journals Sterilization regret in India: Is quality of care a matter of concern?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Bansal ◽  
Laxmi Kant Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Public Health Facility ◽  
The Family ◽  
Planning Methods

Abstract Background According to United Nations, 19% of females in the world relied only on the permanent method of family planning, with 37% in India according to NFHS-4. Limited studies tried to measure the sterilization regret, and its correlated factors. The study tried to explore the trend of sterilization regret in India from 1992 to 2015 and to elicit the determining effects of various factors on sterilization regret, especially in context to perceived quality of care in the sterilization operations and type of providers. Data and methods The pooled data from NFHS-1, NFHS-3 and NFHS-4 was used to explore the regret by creating interaction between time and all the predictors. Predicted probabilities were calculated to show the trend of sterilization regret amounting to quality of care, type of health provider at the three time periods. Results The sterilization regret was increased from 5 % in NFHS-1 to 7 % in NFHS-4. According to NFHS-4, for those whose sterilization was performed in private health facility the regret was found to be less (OR-0.937; 95% CI- (0.882–0.996)) compared to public health facility. Also, the results show a two-fold increase in regret when women reported bad quality of care. The results from predicted probabilities provide enough evidence that the regret due to bad quality of care in sterilization operation had increased with each subsequent round of NFHS. Conclusion Many socio-economic and demographic factors have influenced the regret, but the poor quality of care contributed maximum to the regret from 1992 to 2015. The health facilities have seriously strayed from improving the health and well-being of women in providing the family planning methods. In addition, to public facilities, the regret amounting to private facilities have also increased from NFHS-1 to 4. The quality of care provided in the family planning operation should be standardized in every hospital to strengthen the health systems in the country. The couple should be motivated to adopt more of spacing methods.

Assessment of socio-economic impacts of Foot-and-Mouth Disease on Cattle in Twelve Villages of Cambodia

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Impact Study ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

This socio-economic impact study on foot and mouth disease (FMD) in Cambodia is part of the regional initiative funded by AusAID called Stop Transboundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses (STANDZ), which is coordinated by OIE SRR-SEA.

Thermoelectrical properties of graphene knife-coated cellulosic fabrics for defect monitoring in Joule-heated textiles

2022 ◽  
pp. 152808372110569
Author(s):  
Tamara Ruiz-Calleja ◽  
Rocío Calderón-Villajos ◽  
Marilés Bonet-Aracil ◽  
Eva Bou-Belda ◽  
Jaime Gisbert-Payá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Voltage Application ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Coated Fabrics ◽  
Conductive Particles

Knife-coating can confer new properties on different textile substrates efficiently by integrating various compounds into the coating paste. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) is one of the most used elements for the functionalization of fabrics in recent years, providing electrical and thermal conductivity to fabrics, later used to develop products such as sensors or heated garments. This paper reports thermoelectrically conductive textiles fabrication through knife-coating of cellulosic fabrics with a GNP load from 0.4 to 2 wt% within an acrylic coating paste. The fabric doped with the highest GNP content reaches a temperature increase of 100°C in few seconds. Besides, it is found out that the thermographic images obtained during the electrical voltage application provide maps of irregularities in the dispersion of conductive particles of the coating and defects produced throughout their useful life. Therefore, the application of a low voltage on the coated fabrics allows fast and effective heating by Joule’s effect, whose thermographic images, in turn, can be used as structural maps to check the quality of the GNP doped coating. The temperature values and the heating rate obtained make these fabrics suitable for heating devices, anti-ice and de-ice systems, and protective equipment, which would be of great interest for industrial applications.

Pharmacoeconomical approaches for assessing the rational use of ophthalmic drugs in polyclinic settings

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-145
Author(s):  
N.A. Nefedov ◽  
◽  
D.S. Ramonas ◽  
B.G. Khasanov ◽  
A.S. Alexandrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Ophthalmic Drugs ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
Acquisition Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Drug Provision ◽  
Combined Drugs

Purpose. To evaluate the results of the rational use of ophthalmic medicines with the use of pharmacoeconomical analysis. Material and methods. With the help of ABC-VEN analysis, a comparative study of the quality of pharmacotherapy and drug provision of patients who were monitored and treated by an ophthalmologist of the polyclinic in 2015 and 2019 was conducted. Results. As a result, it was found that the share of costs for vital drugs increased by 10.1% and amounted to 71.1% in 2019, which corresponds to the standardized criterion (70-80%). There was a reduction in the cost of purchasing secondary drugs by 7.6%, which indicates a rational drug supply of ophthalmic drugs. The most commonly used drugs for the treatment of glaucoma were 27.8% in 2015 and 35.1% in 2019. The share of their acquisition costs was 54.9% and 67.9%, respectively. There was a significant increase in the range and number of drugs for the treatment of patients with glaucoma: a 2.8-fold increase in the number of purchased eye drops for monotherapy and a 12% increase in the number of combined drugs. Conclusion. Pharmacoeconomical analysis showed an optimization of spending money on the purchase of drugs used in ophthalmology: an increase of 10.1% in the share of vital drugs and a decrease of 7.6% in the cost of purchasing secondary drugs. There was an increase in the range and quantity of drugs for the treatment of patients with glaucoma. Key words: ABC-VEN-analysis, drugs, ophthalmology, pharmacoeconomics.

Quality of Life and Economic Impact of Chronic Prostatitis

2008 ◽  
pp. 59-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Calhoun ◽  
Anna M. S. Duloy ◽  
J. Quentin Clemens
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Chronic Prostatitis

scholarly journals Tracking an Atmospheric River in a Warmer Climate: from Water Vapor to Economic Impacts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francina Dominguez ◽  
Sandy Dall'erba ◽  
Shuyi Huang ◽  
Andre Avelino ◽  
Ali Mehran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Integrated Modeling ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Radiative Forcings ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Western Washington

Abstract. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) account for more than 75 % of heavy precipitation events and nearly all of the extreme flooding events along the Olympic Mountains and western Cascade mountains of western Washington state. In a warmer climate, ARs in this region are projected to become more frequent and intense, primarily due to increases in atmospheric water vapor. However, it is unclear how the changes in water vapor transport will affect regional flooding and associated economic impacts. In this work, we present an integrated modeling system to quantify the atmospheric-hydrologic-hydraulic and economic impacts of the December 2007 AR event that impacted the Chehalis river basin in western Washington. We use the modeling system to project impacts under a hypothetical scenario where the same December 2007 event occurs in a warmer climate. This method allows us to incorporate different types of uncertainty including: a) alternative future radiative forcings, b) different responses of the climate system to future radiative forcings and c) different responses of the surface hydrologic system. In the warming scenario, AR integrated vapor transport increases, however, these changes do not translate into generalized increases in precipitation throughout the basin. The changes in precipitation translate into spatially heterogeneous changes in sub-basin runoff and increased streamflow along the entire Chehalis main stem. Economic losses due to stock damages increased moderately, but losses in terms of business interruption were significant. Our integrated modeling tool provides communities in the Chehalis region with a range of possible future physical and economic impacts associated with AR flooding.

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