scholarly journals NUTRIENT RECOMMENDATION MODEL FOR CARROT CROP – FERTICALC CARROT

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1714-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciel Rauni Dezordi ◽  
Leonardo Angelo de Aquino ◽  
Roberto Ferreira Novais ◽  
Priscila Maria de Aquino ◽  
Luiz Paulo Dornelas dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Recommendation System ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Nutrient Harvest Index

ABSTRACT The literature on fertilization for carrot growing usually recommends nutrient application rates for yield expectations lower than the yields currently obtained. Moreover, the recommendation only considers the results of soil chemical analysis and does not include effects such as crop residues or variations in yield levels. The aim of this study was to propose a fertilizer recommendation system for carrot cultivation (FERTICALC Carrot) which includes consideration of the nutrient supply by crop residues, variation in intended yield, soil chemical properties, and the growing season (winter or summer). To obtain the data necessary for modeling nutritional requirements, 210 carrot production stands were sampled in the region of Alto Paranaíba, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The dry matter content of the roots, the coefficient of biological utilization of nutrients in the roots, and the nutrient harvest index for summer and winter crops were determined for these samples. To model the nutrient supply by the soil, the literature was surveyed in regard to this theme. A modeling system was developed for recommendation of macronutrients and B. For cationic micronutrients, the system only reports crop nutrient export and extraction. The FERTICALC which was developed proved to be efficient for fertilizer recommendation for carrot cultivation. Advantages in relation to official fertilizer recommendation tables are continuous variation of nutrient application rates in accordance with soil properties and in accordance with data regarding the extraction efficiency of modern, higher yielding cultivars.

scholarly journals EFFETS D'APPORT D'AMENDEMENTS LIGNEUX FRAIS ET HUMIFIES SUR LA PRODUCTION DE POMME DE TERRE ET SUR LA DISPONIBILITE DE L'AZOTE EN SOL SABLEUX

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUZANNE BEAUCHEMIN ◽  
MARC R. LAVERDIÈRE ◽  
ADRIEN N'DAYEGAMIYE
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
N Immobilization ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Wood Residues

Intensive potato cropping has been reported as a major cause of degradation of sandy soils. Wood residues from tree clipping applied to soils can substitute for crop residues to maintain adequate organic matter levels and crop productivity. However, this ligneous material presents a C:N ratio varying from 50 to 175 and, when applied in large quantities, may induce N immobilization at the expense of the crop. The objectives of this study were to quantify the importance of this N immobilization following addition of residues and its effect on yield and quality of potato crops. Fresh or humified residues (50 t ha−1) were applied to the soil and incorporated. The third treatment received no residue. Each treatment was subdivided into subtreatments which received either 0, 150, 200 or 250 kg N ha−1. P, K, Mg and S were applied at the same rate on all treatments. Following the application of wood residues in 1987, 46 kg N ha−1 were immobilized in amended plots. N recovery from fertilizer was 51%. To obtain comparable yields of similar quality to those measured on unamended plots, an additional 1.9 kg N t−1 residues added or 100 kg N ha−1 were required. In 1988, N immobilization was considerably reduced; yield and quality of potato tubers in plots that received wood residues the previous year were comparable to those of the unamended plots with appropriate fertilization. Water retention was significantly improved in plots that received wood residues. Partial decomposition of the residues for 1 yr prior to application on the soil did not significantly improve plant growth compared to fresh residues. Key words: Wood residues, tree clippings, potato yield, dry matter content, nitrogen immobilization, soil water content

Ammonia volatilization following surface-applied pig and cattle slurry in France

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. Moal ◽  
J. Martinez ◽  
F. Guiziou ◽  
C.-M. Coste
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Application Rates

SUMMARYField experiments were carried out in Brittany (Western France) in 1993 to measure ammonia losses from surface-applied pig and cattle slurry. Experiments were conducted on grass, stubble (wheat and maize) and arable land using a wind tunnel system. Ammonia losses were followed during periods ranging from 20 to 96 h after slurry application. Rates of slurry applied varied from 40 to 200 m3/ha. In two experiments, losses from cattle slurry were respectively 75 and 54% of the ammoniacal nitrogen applied in the slurry. Ammonia emissions from pig slurry applied at a rate of 40 m3/ha, during spring and summer experiments, were higher on grass (45–63% of the total ammoniacal nitrogen applied) than on wheat stubble (37–45%). On average, 75% of the total loss in all experiments occurred within the first 15 h after spreading. Significant correlations were found between ammonia losses (kg N/ha) and mean soil temperature and slurry dry matter content (%) using simple linear regressions and stepwise procedures. The time of application was also found to influence the magnitude of ammonia loss: 83% of the total loss occurred within 6 h when the slurry was applied at midday compared with 42% when it was applied in the evening.

Interaction of nutrient supply and plant density in relation to maximal yield of the swede crop

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Lang ◽  
J. C. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Maximal Yield ◽  
Large Populations

SUMMARYThe effects of changing plant density and nutrient supply on the yield of swedes were measured in nine experiments over 3 years. With small populations, a large nutrient supply was required to reach the maximal yield of roots, but with large plant populations the same nutrient rate depressed yield. This interaction is illustrated by a response surface, and reasons for it are discussed. The interaction is of limited importance in practice because it was small over the range of population and nutrient supply commonly used. Even with small populations, the compensation achieved by applying more fertilizer was uneconomic. On crops with large populations, such as swedes for human consumption, however, the normal recommended rate of fertilizer should not be exceeded because of loss of yield as well as increased cost. More fertilizer and greater plant density were needed to give maximal total yield (roots + tops) than of roots alone. Effects of nutrient supply and plant population on plant establishment and dry-matter content of the swedes are discussed.

Effect of some field variables on the dry-matter content of tea shoots

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Cloughley
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Perennial Shrub ◽  
Main Production

Beverage tea is produced from the immature shoots manually harvested from the perennial shrub Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze. Fresh green leaf is mechanically comminuted and converted to the black tea of commerce by a series of partially controlled biochemical oxidation reactions (Sanderson, 1972). The final, unrefined dried product represents some 20% of the initial fresh weight of crop, the actual dry-matter content of the harvested shoots determining the percentage made-tea return (Keegel, 1955). Dry-matter content, hence, influences yield in terms of black tea produced. Although theeffectsof environmental, agronomic and cultural factors on green leaf yield have been studied intensively, little work has been done on the influence of such factors on dry-matter content. The present study examines the effects of nitrogen application rates on dry-matter content in four genetically diverse clonal populations throughout the main production season and during the first period of the Central African off-season.

scholarly journals Modeling the Recommendation of Nutrients for Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) Crop

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Thaísa Fernanda Oliveira ◽  
Leonardo Angelo de Aquino ◽  
Maria Elisa Paraguassu Soares ◽  
Talita Gabriela Gentil ◽  
Flávio Lemes Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
The Other ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nutritional Balance

Cabbage presents high nutrients demand, which requires proposal of recommendation models that are compatible with current productive potential. The objective of this study was to propose a nutritional balance model to recommend nutrients for cabbage. In order to estimate fertilizer recommendation, the system considered the requirement subsystem (REQ), which includes the crop demand and recovery efficiency (RE) of the applied nutrient, and supply subsystem (SUP), which corresponds to the nutrient supply by soil and crop residues. To determine the attributes needed to estimate nutritional demand, values were obtained from literature and from two experiments, one with nitrogen (N) and one with potassium (K). The fertilizer recommendation for N, P and K consisted in the difference between REQ and SUP. For the other nutrients, the system presented only crop export and extraction and not the REQ due to scarcity of data regarding RE. The modeling is a useful tool for recommending fertilization for cabbage and is subject to constant improvements.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF THE MAIN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES INFLUENCING THE QUALITY OF THYME (SATUREJA HORTENSIS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMONA GHINITA CONSTANTIN ◽  
MIRELA PRAISLER ◽  
GABRIELA IORDĂCHESCU
Keyword(s):  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Satureja Hortensis ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Physico Chemical

<p>Thyme (<em>Satureja hortensis</em>) is a popular spice for food, which is also often used as a medicine for various ailments. This paper presents an artificial intelligence method applied for the objective determination of the most important physico-chemical variables affecting the quality of thyme, i.e. Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results show that the main properties which significantly influence the nutritional value of thyme are moisture (MOIST), dry matter content (DRYM), protein content (PROT) and, to a lesser extent, carbohydrate content (CARB). Humidity is strongly and negatively correlated with the latter three variables. The main variable that ensures the similarity between the thyme samples having the same geographical origin is the monosodium glutamate content, which generates its delicious (umami) taste.</p>

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Corncob Biochar before and after Heat Treatment and Washing

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiatkamjon Intani ◽  
Sajid Latif ◽  
Md. Islam ◽  
Joachim Müller
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Application Rates

Biochar from crop residues such as corncobs can be used for soil amendment, but its negative effects have also been reported. This study aims to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of different biochar treatments and application rates on cress (Lepidium sativum). Corncob biochar was produced via slow pyrolysis without using purging gas. Biochar treatments included fresh biochar (FB), dried biochar (DB), washed biochar (WB), and biochar water extract (WE). Biochar application rates of 10, 20, and 30 t/ha were investigated. Significant phytotoxic effects of biochar were observed on germination rates, shoot length, fresh weight, and dry matter content, while severe toxic effects were identified in FB and WE treatments. Germination rate after 48 h (GR48) decreased with the increase of biochar application rates in all treatments. The observed order of performance of the biochar treatments for germination, shoot length, and shoot fresh weight for every biochar application rate was WB>DB>WE>FB, while it was the reverse order for the shoot dry matter content. WB treatment showed the best performance in reducing the phytotoxicity of biochar. The mitigation of the phytotoxicity in fresh corncob biochar by washing and heat treatment was found to be a simple and effective method.

scholarly journals Changes in physico-chemical properties and flavour compounds during fermentation of different obushera (sorghum and millet) beverages

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (54) ◽  
pp. 6665-6685
Author(s):  
IM Mukisa ◽  
◽  
CMBK Muyanja ◽  
YB Byaruhanga ◽  
T Langsrud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Flavour Compounds ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Highperformance Liquid Chromatography

Four types of Obushera, a fermented millet or sorghum beverage: Ekitiribita, Obuteire, Obutoko and Enturire were analyzed for their physico-chemical properties, sugars, organic acids and volatile compounds during fermentation. Standard chemical methods were used to determine the physico-chemical properties of Obushera. The organic acids, carbohydrates, glucose, fructose and maltose were analyzed by highperformance liquid chromatography. The pH of all Obushera varied between 4.00±0.10 and 4.42±0.11 after 4 days of fermentation. The pH of Obuteire, Obutoko and Enturire dropped below 4.5 within one day of fermentation. Acidity ranged between 0.13% (Ekitiribita) to 1.33% (Enturire) after 4 days of fermentation. Dry matter decreased and varied between 5.4 and 22% after 4 days of fermentation. Fermentation resulted into a 20–40% reduction of dry matter in Obutoko, Obuteire and Enturire. Enturire had the highest dry matter content and decreased from 22% to 13%. Fermentation resulted in an apparent increase in protein concentration (5.7– 12.3%). Flavour compounds identified included sugars, organic acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and esters. Enturire contained the highest (p < 0.05) concentrations of most flavor compounds. Sugars (maltose, glucose and fructose) were reduced during fermentation. The predominant organic acids detected were lactate, acetate and succinate and increased with fermentation time. Alcohols identified in Obushera were ethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol and 2-methyl-1-butanol and increased during fermentation. Ethanol was the predominating alcohol reaching a maximum of 0.8–1.0% (Obuteire and Obutoko) and 4.5% in Enturire during fermentation. The aldehydes detected in Obushera were acetaldehyde, 2-methyl-1- propanal, 2-methyl-1-butanal and 3-methyl-1-butanal and varied from 0.1 mg kg-1 to 6.8 ± 1.2 mg kg-1. Diacetyl, acetoin and 2,3 pentanedione were the ketones identified in Obushera. Esters detected in Obushera included ethyl lactate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate and isobutyl acetate. Significantly higher (p <0.05) amounts of esters were detected in Enturire than in the other types of Obushera. Principal Component analysis, grouped Obushera into three categories (Ekitiribita, Obuteire/Obutoko and Enturire) based on flavour profile differences.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CORNELIAN CHERRY (CORNUS MAS L.) FRUITS IN DEPENDENCE ON DEGREE OF RIPENING AND ECOTYPES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Iwona Szot ◽  
Paweł Szot ◽  
Tomasz Lipa ◽  
Bożena Sosnowska ◽  
Bohdan Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Wide Range

Cornelian cherry in Poland belongs to the alternative fruit species. The fruits are suitable for fresh consumption, however they can be used for processing: juice, jams, jellies, syrups, tinctures. Fruits are abundant in mineral elements, vitamin C, organic acids, iridoids, anthocyanins and due to that they have health-promoting significance. In this experiment, the fruit quality of several 16-year-old ecotypes in the Lublin region was compared. They were compared in terms of the beginning of fruit ripening and fruit size (length, diameter, mass), fruit shape index, share of stone in the fruit, SSC, TA, SSC/TA, reducing sugar, dry matter content and anthocyanins content. The color of fruit was evaluated in two dates, visually and using HanterLab spectrophotometer. Cornelian cherry fruits began to mature at the beginning of August and at the latest at the end of August. With the increase of the maturity degree, the SSC, reducing sugars, TA, dry matter and anthocyanins increased significantly. There was no difference in the taste of light red fruits and dark red fruits, which were characterized by similar ratio of SSC/TA. Ecotype No. 11, as the earliest maturing, with big round fruits, dark red colored with the highest content of anthocyanins, could be distinguished. As well as ecotypes No. 4 and 5, ripening in mid-August, and having a high ratio of SSC/TA, providing a good taste. Studied ecotypes could be used in breeding programs to incorporate a wide range of quality and agronomic characteristics into a final cornelian cherry cultivar.

scholarly journals Profiling of Physical and Chemical Properties of Mango at Different Ripening Stages

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
MG Aziz ◽  
MG Mortuza ◽  
MA Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Chemical Characters

The experiments were carried out to assess the quality of mango at different ripening stages. The two factor experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The experiment comprised four varieties, viz., V1: BAU Aam-1, V2: BAU Aam-6, V3: BAU Aam-7, V4: BAU Aam-8 and five ripening stages. Among the attributes total weight loss, dry matter content, total soluble solids (TSS), sugar content (total, reducing and non-reducing), disease incidence increased, while the moisture, vitamin C contents and titratable acidity decreased with the increase in duration of storage. Among the four varieties, BAU Aam-6 showed better results in relation to the most of the characters examined. Ripening stage-5 of mango fruit was observed to be the best among the five ripening stages in relation to the most of the chemical characters examined. Finally, it can be concluded that the results of this experiment will be useful with particular reference to quality control, preparation for transportation and marketing, and will also be beneficial for both the growers and consumers.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 121-126 2016

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