Is the local food environment associated with excess body weight in adolescents in São Paulo, Brazil?

The obesogenic environment stimulates an inadequate diet by hampering healthy choices. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between the local food environment and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a representative sample population of adolescents living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, using multilevel logistic regression models. Among the adolescents, 29.6% were overweight/obese. There were no significant differences between food environment and adolescents’ weight status. However, the presence of fast food restaurants near their home increased the chances of being overweight or obese (OR = 2.53; 95%CI: 1.02-6.27). Results suggest the need to intensify food and nutrition policies, development of culinary skills, and the reduction in prices of healthy foods to facilitate access to these foods, so that adolescents have options in locations to socialize with friends and family.

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Media use and excess body weight among women in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020802 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. e020802 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bishwajit Ghose ◽

Sanni Yaya

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Status ◽

Media Use ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Excess Body Weight ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Adult Women ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectivesTo investigate the (1) time trends in body mass index (BMI) and (2) relationship between media use and body weight status among adult women in Nigeria. We hypothesise that higher frequency of media use is associated with higher likelihood of being overweight and obesity among adult women.Study designCross-sectional.SettingUrban and rural settings in Nigeria.ParticipantsAdult non-pregnant women aged between 15 and 49 years.MethodsData were derived from Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2003, 2008 and 2013. The outcome variable was excess body weight (overweight and obesity), and main explanatory variables were frequency of reading newspaper, listening to radio and television (TV) viewing. Datasets were merged to perform pooled analysis, and were analysed using bivariate and multivariable regression techniques.ResultsOf the 69 401 participants, 16.2% had a BMI of 25.0–29.9 kg/m2(95% CI 15.8 to 16.6) and 6.6% had >30 kg/m2(95% CI 6.3 to 6.9). Between 2003 and 2013, the prevalence of overweight women increased by 4.1%, and that of obesity by 2.2%. Overall, radio was the most popular media followed by TV and newspaper. Respectively, 15.6% and 11.7% of the women reported using radio and TV almost every day and 30.6% and 25.1% at least once a week. In multivariable analysis, watching TV almost every day and at least once a week were associated with, respectively, 1.6 and 1.2 times higher odds of being overweight, and 2.7 and 1.5 times higher odds of being obese compared with those who never used radio. Similarly, significant associations were observed for newspaper and radio use as well.ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity is noticeably high among Nigerian women and has been increasing steadily over the past decade. A statistically significant association exists between BMI and the use of newspaper, radio and TV. Further studies are required to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this relationship.

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Excessive body weight and its relationship to body image in teenagers aged 16–18 years old in South Jakarta

World Nutrition Journal ◽

10.25220/wnj.v04.s3.0033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1-3) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Dania Mirza Ramadhanty ◽

Bernie Endyarni Medise

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Status ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Excess Body Weight ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

Excessive Body Weight ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Objective. Overweight is one of the health problems that often occur in children and adolescents throughout the world, both in developed and developing countries. Study results in USA showed yearly increase of overweight prevalence in children aged 2–19 years old. In addition, based on the results by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2010 in United States, the highest percentage of overweight and obesity by age group was found at 12–19 years old (33.6%). Basic Health Research/Riskesdas’s data in 2013 showed the prevalence of overweight in adolescents aged 16–18 years old in Indonesia reached the highest value of 11.5%. Moreover, most teenagers see their body images as a match between self’s and others’ ideal perception. Teenagers with positive body image tend to be more confident and also easier to get along with other people, especially their peers. In this study, researcher aimed to investigate the relationship between teenagers who have excess body weight with body image, whether it had positive or negative impact.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data collection was done from December 2017 to January 2018. Data collected were anthropometric measurements (weight and height) and the King College London Body Image Questionnaire's filled by participants. From 400 subjects who filled the questionnaires, a total of 350 participants matched the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Chi square test was done as data analysis.Results: Chi-square analysis for excess body weight status in relation to body image scores showed no relationship (p=1,000).Conclusions: There was no significant relationship between excessive body weight and body image.

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Comparison between self-reported and measured anthropometric data of energy intake under-reporters: 2015 Healthy Survey of São Paulo

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120002177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Lais Duarte Batista ◽

Natasha Aparecida Grande de França ◽

Ana Carolina Barco Leme ◽

Marcela Riccioppo Garcez Molina ◽

Lígia Araújo Martini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Weight Status ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

World Health ◽

São Paulo ◽

Anthropometric Data ◽

Doubly Labelled Water ◽

Health Organization

AbstractIntroductionMisreporting in adults has been associated with socioeconomic and anthropometric characteristics, such as sex, age and weight status. Body Mass Index (BMI) is an important factor that has been associated with underreporting of energy intake. Many epidemiological studies often use self-reported values of height and weight, in order to reduce the cost and viability of population-base studies. Therefore, it is important to test the reliability of self-reported against measured values of height, weight and BMI in individuals who tend to underestimate their energy consumption.ObjectiveTo compare self-reported and measured anthropometric data of individuals who are underreporting their energy intake.Materials and MethodsThe sample included forty-six men and women who participated on the Health Survey of São Paulo, Brazil and had their total energy expenditure (TEE) measured by the doubly labelled water technique. Self-reported data were obtained from questionnaires and trained professional conducted the measurements of height and weight. BMI was classified based on the World Health Organization cutoff points for adults and the Pan-American Health Organization for elderlies. Correlation analysis and paired t test was used to test the differences between both values. Energy intake (EI) was assessed using two 24-hours dietary recall. The ratio of EI:TEE was used to identify misreporting considering the 95% confidence intervals. Respondents were classified in under-reporters, plausible reporters and over-reporters.ResultsTwenty-six (57.8%) were classified as under-reporters, thirteen (28.9%) as plausible reporters, and six (13.3%) as over-reporters. Significant differences were found comparing measured vs. self-reported anthropometric values of under-reporters with height (1.60 m vs. 1.62 m, p < 0.00) and BMI (29.1kg/m2 vs. 27.9kg/m2, p < 0.02), but no significant differences for weight (74.6 kg vs. 75.7 kg, p = 0.28). Overweight and obesity were higher in under-reporters comparing self-reported (11.5% and 30.8%) and measured (15.4% and 46.2%) anthropometric values. Pearson correlation coefficient between measured and self-reported values was 0.95 (p < 0.00) for weight, 0.96 (p < 0.00) for height and 0.92 (p < 0.00) for BMI.DiscussionAlthough results showed a strong and significant correlation between self-reported and measured anthropometric values in under-reporters, it is important to consider BMI and obesity are important factors related to underreporting. Therefore, it recommends to measure anthropometric data in studies that aim to characterize misreporting based on nutritional status, since the classification and prevalence of BMI and obesity can be affected by the chosen approach.

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The association between the food environment and weight status among eastern North Carolina youth

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980011000668 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 1610-1617 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Stephanie B Jilcott ◽

Scott Wade ◽

Jared T McGuirt ◽

Qiang Wu ◽

Suzanne Lazorick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Food Environment ◽

Fast Food ◽

Weight Status ◽

Farmers Markets ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Ground Truthing ◽

Eastern North Carolina ◽

Pitt County

AbstractObjectiveTo examine associations between various measures of the food environment and BMI percentile among youth.DesignCross-sectional, observational.SettingPitt County, eastern North Carolina.SubjectsWe extracted the electronic medical records for youth receiving well child check-ups from January 2007 to June 2008. We obtained addresses for food venues from two secondary sources and ground-truthing. A geographic information systems database was constructed by geocoding home addresses of 744 youth and food venues. We quantified participants’ accessibility to food venues by calculating ‘coverage’, number of food venues in buffers of 0·25, 0·5, 1 and 5 miles (0·4, 0·8, 1·6 and 8·0 km) and by calculating ‘proximity’ or distance to the closest food venue. We examined associations between BMI percentile and food venue accessibility using correlation and regression analyses.ResultsThere were negative associations between BMI percentile and coverage of farmers’ markets/produce markets in 0·25 and 0·5 mile Euclidean and 0·25, 0·5 and 1 mile road network buffers. There were positive associations between BMI percentile and coverage of fast-food and pizza places in the 0·25 mile Euclidean and network buffers. In multivariate analyses adjusted for race, insurance status and rural/urban residence, proximity (network distance) to convenience stores was negatively associated with BMI percentile and proximity to farmers’ markets was positively associated with BMI percentile.ConclusionsAccessibility to various types of food venues is associated with BMI percentile in eastern North Carolina youth. Future longitudinal work should examine correlations between accessibility to and use of traditional and non-traditional food venues.

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The role of the local retail food environment in fruit, vegetable and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in Brazil

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980015001524 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 1093-1102 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ana Clara Duran ◽

Samuel Luna de Almeida ◽

Maria do Rosario DO Latorre ◽

Patricia Constante Jaime

Keyword(s):

Food Environment ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Fresh Produce ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Individual Level ◽

Retail Food Environment ◽

Retail Food

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between the local retail food environment and consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) in São Paulo, Brazil, as well as the moderation effects of income in the studied relationships.DesignCross-sectional study design that drew upon neighbourhood- and individual-level data. For each participant, community (density and proximity) and community food environment (availability, variety, quality and price) measures of FV and SSB were assessed in retail food stores and specialized fresh produce markets within 1·6 km of their homes. Poisson generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to model the associations of food consumption with food environment measures, adjusted by individual-level characteristics.SettingSão Paulo, Brazil.SubjectsAdults (n 1842) residing in the same census tracts (n 52) in São Paulo, Brazil as those where the neighbourhood-level measures were taken.ResultsFV availability in neighbourhoods was associated with regular FV consumption (≥5 times/week; prevalence ratio=1·41; 95 % CI 1·19, 1·67). Regular FV consumption prevalence was significantly lower among lower-income individuals living in neighbourhoods with fewer supermarkets and fresh produce markets (P-interaction <0·05). A greater variety of SSB was associated with a 15 % increase in regular SSB consumption (≥5 times/week) prevalence, after adjustment for confounding variables.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the local retail food environment is associated with FV and SSB consumption in a Brazilian urban sample.

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Weight status and weight satisfaction in relation to energy intake underreporting in older adults: 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120004656 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Lais Duarte Batista ◽

Natasha Aparecida Grande de França ◽

Ana Carolina Barco Leme ◽

Regina Mara Fisberg

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Health Survey ◽

Weight Status ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

São Paulo ◽

Doubly Labelled Water ◽

Weight Satisfaction ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractBody Mass Index (BMI) and weight satisfaction are important factors related to energy intake underreporting in younger adults. However, few studies have explored that relation in older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to explore these factors in a sample of older adults who tend to underestimate their energy consumption. Sample included 40 older adults (57.5% male), with mean age of 68.8 ± 5.94 years old, who participated in the Health Survey of São Paulo, Brazil. Their total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by doubly labelled water technique. BMI was classified according to Pan-American Health Organization and individuals categorized as being or not being overweight/obese. Energy intake (EI) was assessed with two 24-hours dietary recall. Ratio of EI:TEE was used to identify misreporting considering 95% confidence intervals. Chi-Square and t test were used considering 5% of significance level. Sixty percent were classified as under-reporters, 30% as plausible reporters, and 10% as over-reporter. Over-reports were excluded from analysis. Overweight and obesity were higher in under-reporters compared to plausible reporters (75% and 25%). Fifty-eight percent of under-reporters were dissatisfied with their weight. Although weight status was associated with weight satisfaction (p < 0.01), no significant difference was found for BMI (p = 0.76) comparing to plausible and under-reporters. Weight satisfaction was not associated with energy misreporting (p = 0.64). Even though these factors may be related to underreporting in adults, this association was not found among older adults. Results showed the importance of further studies to explore factors that might interfere in underreporting in this population.

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Residential exposure to fast-food restaurants and its association with diet quality, overweight and obesity in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional analysis in the EPIC-NL cohort

Nutrition Journal ◽

10.1186/s12937-021-00713-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marjolein C. Harbers ◽

Joline W.J. Beulens ◽

Jolanda MA Boer ◽

Derek Karssenberg ◽

Joreintje D. Mackenbach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Fast Food ◽

Weight Status ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fast Food Restaurants ◽

Relative Exposure

Abstract Background Unhealthy food environments may contribute to unhealthy diets and risk of overweight and obesity through increased consumption of fast-food. Therefore, we aimed to study the association of relative exposure to fast-food restaurants (FFR) with overall diet quality and risk of overweight and obesity in a sample of older adults. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data of the EPIC-NL cohort (n = 8,231). Data on relative FFR exposure was obtained through linkage of home address in 2015 with a retail outlet database. We calculated relative exposure to FFR by dividing the densities of FFR in street-network buffers of 400, 1000, and 1500 m around the home of residence by the density of all food retailers in the corresponding buffer. We calculated scores on the Dutch Healthy Diet 2015 (DHD15) index using data from a validated food-frequency questionnaire. BMI was categorized into normal weight (BMI < 25), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30), and obesity (BMI ≥ 30). We used multivariable linear regression (DHD15-index) and multinomial logistic regression (weight status), using quartiles of relative FFR exposure as independent variable, adjusting for lifestyle and environmental characteristics. Results Relative FFR exposure was not significantly associated with DHD15-index scores in the 400, 1000, and 1500 m buffers (βQ4vsQ1= -0.21 [95 %CI: -1.12; 0.70]; βQ4vsQ1= -0.12 [95 %CI: -1.10; 0.87]; βQ4vsQ1 = 0.37 [95 %CI: -0.67; 1.42], respectively). Relative FFR exposure was also not related to overweight in consecutive buffers (ORQ4vsQ1=1.10 [95 %CI: 0.97; 1.25]; ORQ4vsQ1=0.97 [95 %CI: 0.84; 1.11]; ORQ4vsQ1= 1.04 [95 %CI: 0.90–1.20]); estimates for obesity were similar to those of overweight. Conclusions A high proportion of FFR around the home of residence was not associated with diet quality or overweight and obesity in this large Dutch cohort of older adults. We conclude that although the food environment may be a determinant of food choice, this may not directly translate into effects on diet quality and weight status. Methodological improvements are warranted to provide more conclusive evidence.

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Prevalence and risk factors for overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional countrywide study in Burkina Faso

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032953 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e032953

Author(s):

Seydou Kaboré ◽

Tieba Millogo ◽

Joseph Kouesyandé Soubeiga ◽

Hermann Lanou ◽

Brice Bicaba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Weight Status ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Population Based ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Proportional Odds ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Current Smoking

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of overweight and obesity in Burkina Faso using a population-based countrywide sample. We hypothesise that there is a significant burden related to overweight/obesity in Burkina Faso.DesignSecondary analysis of a population-based countrywide cross-sectional study.SettingBurkina Faso, all the 13 regions including both rural and urban residential areas.Participants4800 participants of both sexes, aged between 25 and 64 years.Main outcomesOverweight and obesity using body mass index cut-off levels of the WHO.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity in Burkina Faso were 13.82% (95% CI: 12.25 to 15.55) and 4.84% (95% CI: 3.99 to 5.86), respectively. Among men, the proportional odds of overweight/obesity increase with urban residency (p<0.001), greater age (p<0.002), marital status different from single (p≤0.007) and decrease with current smoking (p=0.009). Among women, the proportional odds of overweight/obesity increase with urban residency (p<0.001), primary educational level (p=0.01), high total blood cholesterol level (p<0.001) and high fasting blood glucose level (p=0.02), and decrease with current smoking (p<0.001).ConclusionOur study showed that nearly one person out of five in the adult population of Burkina has an abnormal weight status with women being more affected than men. Urban residency is a consistent risk factor in both men and women. Alcohol consumption and education were associated with an increased odds in only women. Overnutrition needs to be recognised as an important public health issue in Burkina Faso and nutrition interventions need to be reshaped to account for it.

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Mix of destinations and sedentary behavior among Brazilian adults: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-10123-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alex Antonio Florindo ◽

Gavin Turrell ◽

Leandro Martin Totaro Garcia ◽

João Paulo dos Anjos Souza Barbosa ◽

Michele Santos Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Built Environment ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Latin American ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Sitting Time ◽

São Paulo ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Economies In Transition

Abstract Background Sedentary behavior is influenced by contextual, social, and individual factors, including the built environment. However, associations between the built environment and sitting time have not been extensively investigated in countries with economies in transition such as Brazil. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between sitting-time and access to a mix of destinations for adults from Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Methods This study uses data from the Health Survey of Sao Paulo. Sedentary behavior was assessed by a questionnaire using two questions: total sitting time in minutes on a usual weekday; and on a usual weekend day. The mix of destinations was measured by summing the number of facilities (comprising bus stops, train/subway stations, parks, squares, public recreation centres, bike paths, primary health care units, supermarkets, food stores, bakeries, and coffee-shops) within 500 m of each participant’s residence. Minutes of sitting time in a typical weekday and weekend day were the outcomes and the mix of destinations score in 500 m buffers was the exposure variable. Associations between the mix of destinations and sitting time were examined using multilevel linear regression: these models accounted for clustering within census tracts and households and adjusted for environmental, sociodemographic, and health-related factors. Results After adjustment for covariates, the mix of destinations was inversely associated with minutes of sitting time on a weekday (β=− 8.8, p=0.001) and weekend day (β=− 6.1, p=0.022). People who lived in areas with a greater mix of destinations had shorter average sitting times. Conclusion Greater mix of destinations within 500 m of peoples’ residences was inversely associated with sitting time on a typical weekday and weekend day. In Latin American cities like Sao Paulo built environments more favorable for walking may contribute to reducing sedentary behavior and prevent associated chronic disease.

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Anemia and dementia among the elderly: the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610211001724 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 74-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Itamar S. Santos ◽

Márcia Scazufca ◽

Paulo A. Lotufo ◽

Paulo R. Menezes ◽

Isabela M. Benseñor

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Health Study ◽

São Paulo ◽

Total Blood ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship ◽

Life Function

ABSTRACTBackground: Anemia and dementia are common diseases among the elderly, but conflicting data are available regarding an association between these two conditions. We analyzed data from the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study to address the relationship between anemia and dementia.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included participants aged 65 years and older from a deprived area of the borough of Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil. Data about demographics, education, income, and cognitive and daily life function were collected, as well as blood samples. Anemia and dementia were defined according to WHO and DSM-IV criteria, respectively.Results: Of the 2267 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria, 2072 agreed to participate in the study; of whom 1948 had a valid total blood count and were included in the analysis. Anemia was diagnosed in 203 (10.2%) participants and dementia in 99 (5.1%). The frequency of anemia was higher in patients with dementia according to univariate analysis (odds ratio (OR) = 2.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17–3.41, p = 0.01), but this association was not present after adjusting for age (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.76–2.33, p = 0.32). Further multivariate adjustment did not change the results.Conclusion: Although anemia and dementia are frequent disorders in older people, we found their relationship to be mediated exclusively by aging in this low-income population from São Paulo.

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