Pharmaceutical market, environmental public policies and water quality: the case of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, Brazil

Abstract: Water pollution has been an increasing concern for the authorities responsible for planning and executing public policies. In this qualitative research, we have discussed the most sold pharmaceuticals in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, Brazil, and compared public policies focused on pharmaceuticals and environmental issues among countries/regions. For that, data provided by Close-Up International related to the sales of medicines in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region between April/2016 and April/2017 were collected and processed to identify and quantify the pharmaceutical products. The 300 most sold medicines in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region fall in 26 therapeutic classes, which include 159 drugs. The most sold pharmaceutical products group is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) representing approximately 44.3% of the total. The ten most sold pharmaceuticals sum up 1200 tons. Dipyrone is the first place in mass representing around 488 tons, followed by metformin with around 310 tons commercialized. Public policies focused on pharmaceuticals in the environment still need adjustments to improve reinforcement, even in developed countries. There is no international standard on how to conduct the issue, each country adopting the public policy that best matches to the local. Brazil, despite having some legislation that approaches the theme, still lacks effective public policies and stakeholder awareness. In this aspect, the need for improvement of the reverse logistics system, consumer orientation to the adequate disposal of unused/expired medicines, and the adoption of the unit-dose system as a therapeutic strategy is evident.

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Democracy on the streets

Revista dos Trabalhos de Iniciação Científica da UNICAMP ◽

10.20396/revpibic2620181027 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Matheus Avila Amaral de Souza ◽

Mariana de Azevedo Barreto Fix

Keyword(s):

Traffic Engineering ◽

Public Policies ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Urban Mobility ◽

The Public ◽

City Hall ◽

Engineering Company

The objective of this research was to analyse the public policies of urban mobility promoted by the São Paulo City Hall, through bodies such as CET (Traffic Engineering Company), SPTrans (São Paulo Transportations SA) and the Municipal Transport Secretariat, between 2013 and 2016. The period corresponds to the mandate of the then mayor of São Paulo, Fernando Haddad (PT). The analysis was based on a historical and theoretical recapitulation to better understand and evaluate the transformations in the orientation and execution of the policies of that period in question.

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Hospitalizations for intracranial trauma in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, a clinicalepidemiological analysis

10.5327/1516-3180.428 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Souza de Almeida ◽

Erick Lean Rodrigues Lucas Palmeira ◽

Rangel Lima Costa

Keyword(s):

Hospital Admissions ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

São Paulo ◽

The Public ◽

The North ◽

The Social ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Hospital Morbidity ◽

External Forces

Background: Intracranial trauma (IT) is an injury inside of the cranial box resulting from external forces, usually caused by automotive accidents, falls and violence, sometimes leading to permanent damage or death. Objectives: Describe hospital admissions for IT in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (SP), based on ICD-10 morbidity list. Design and settings: Epidemiological, descriptive and retrospective study. Methods: Data provided from the Hospital Morbidity System (SIH-SUS) of the Ministry of Health, from January 2015 to December 2020. Results: There were 65.455 cases of hospitalizations by IT registered in the metropolitan region of SP, which surpassed the cases of the North and Midwest regions. In 2020, there was a 5% reduction in cases compared to 2019. The amount spent represented 10.5% of the total spent in Brazil. Most of the hospitalization patients were male, and the most affected age group was 40- 49 years. The lethality was 11.05% and higher in patients over 80 years-old. Conclusions: It is essential to control IT’s causing factors, since it engenders high costs, and it is a serious problem for the public health and economy, and for the victim’s psychosocial context. The metropolitan region of SP requires special attention, once it shows higher rates of hospitalizations, morbidity, and mortality than any other brazilian state. Despite the social isolation in 2020, there were no significant differences between this year’s records comparing to the other ones.

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ANÁLISE BIBLIOMÉTRICA SOBRE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS

Revista Políticas Públicas ◽

10.18764/2178-2865.v23n2p754-770 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 754

Author(s):

Fabio Freitas da Silva ◽

Geísa Pereira Marcilio Nogueira ◽

Ítalo de Oliveira Matias ◽

Ludmila Gonçalves da Matta ◽

Aldo Shimoya

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Public Policies ◽

The United States ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Late Development ◽

São Paulo ◽

The Public ◽

The World ◽

Partnership Network ◽

Number Of Publications

Este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar a evolução do tema políticas públicas no contexto mundial e nacional por meio de uma análise bibliométrica. Faz um levantamento de indicadores mais gerais na avaliação global, como o histórico temporal das publicações e os países que mais debatem sobre o tema; enquanto na conjuntura brasileira traz indicadores mais específicos, tais como a rede de colaboração do Brasil com outros países e instituições. Os resultados mostraram que a primeira publicação sobre o tema estudado surgiu em 1909, no cenário mundial, e em 1987 no Brasil; os Estados Unidos destacaram-se na pesquisa com maior número de publicações. Apesar do desenvolvimento tardio na área de políticas públicas, o Brasil ocupa o quarto lugar no ranque mundial. Em relação às instituições, a USP concentra o maior volume de trabalhos publicados, no entanto, Estados Unidos ganha no todo.Palavras-chave: Bibliometria. Políticas Públicas. Indicadores.BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC POLICIESAbstractThis work aims at showing the evolution of the public policy theme in a national and worldwide context by means of a bibliometric analysis. More general indicators on the global assessment were proposed, such as the timeline of publications and countries that most debate the theme; while in the Brazilian conjuncture, more specific indicators were generated, such as the partnership network between Brazil and other countries and institutions. The main results showed that the first publication in the world about the theme under study was in 1909, while in Brazil it was in 1987. They also demonstrated thatthe United States stood out relating to the number of publications. Another question was that, despite the late development of the area of public policies, Brazil ranks fourth worldwide. Regarding institutions, Universidade de São Paulo-USP (Sao Paulo University) concentrates the largest amount of published works, however, the United States stands out as a whole.Keywords: Bibliometry. Public Policies. Indexes.

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Anne G.Hanley, The public good and the Brazilian state: municipal finance and public services in São Paulo, 1822–1930 (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2018. Pp. xviii+290. 4 figs. 1 map. 32 tabs. ISBN 9780226535074 Hbk. £45/$60)

The Economic History Review ◽

10.1111/ehr.12954 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 339-340

Author(s):

Bruno Gabriel Witzel de Souza

Keyword(s):

Public Good ◽

Public Services ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Municipal Finance ◽

São Paulo ◽

University Of Chicago ◽

The Public ◽

Brazilian State ◽

University Of Chicago Press

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Determinants of neonatal, postneonatal and maternal mortality on models of primary health

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.857 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

A B Guerra ◽

L M Guerra ◽

L F Probst ◽

B V Castro Gondinho ◽

G M Bovi Ambrosano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Public Policies ◽

Family Health ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Care Organization ◽

São Paulo

Abstract Background The state of São Paulo recorded a significant reduction in infant mortality, but the desired reduction in maternal mortality was not achieved. Knowledge of the factors with impact on these indicators would be of help in formulating public policies. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relations between socioeconomic and demographic factors, health care model and both infant mortality and maternal mortality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods In this ecological study, data from national official open sources were used. Analyzed were 645 municipalities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. For each municipality, the infant mortality and maternal mortality rates were calculated for every 1000 live births, 2013. The association between these rates, socioeconomic variables, demographic models and the primary care organization model in the municipality were verified. We used the zero-inflated negative binomial model. Gross analysis was performed and then multiple regression models were estimated. For associations, we adopted “p” at 5%. Results The increase in the HDI of the city and proportion of Family Health Care Strategy implemented were significantly associated with the reduction in both infant mortality (neonatal + post-neonatal) and maternal mortality rates. In turn, the increase in birth and caesarean delivery rates were associated with the increase in infant and maternal mortality rates. Conclusions It was concluded that the Family Health Care Strategy model that contributed to the reduction in infant (neonatal + post-neonatal) and maternal mortality rates, and so did actors such as HDI and cesarean section. Thus, public health managers should prefer this model. Key messages Implementation of public policies with specific focus on attenuating these factors and making it possible to optimize resources, and not interrupting the FHS. Knowledge of the factors with impact on these indicators would be of help in formulating public policies.

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Cooking oil waste recycling experiences worldwide: a preliminary analysis of the emerging networks in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, Brazil

International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy ◽

10.1504/ijetp.2017.084490 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 189 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mauro Silva Ruiz ◽

Rosicler Barbosa De Oliveira ◽

Aldo Struffaldi ◽

Marcelo Luiz Dias Da Silva Gabriel ◽

Evandro Bocatto

Keyword(s):

Preliminary Analysis ◽

Waste Recycling ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

São Paulo ◽

Cooking Oil

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Anomalous scales of Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. (Bromeliaceae) exposed in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, SP, Brazil as air pollution markers

Hoehnea ◽

10.1590/2236-8906-18/rad/2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 749-757 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Patrícia Giampaoli ◽

Natalie do Valle Capelli ◽

Armando Reis Tavares ◽

Francine Faia Fernandes ◽

Marisa Domingos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Initial Evaluation ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

São Paulo ◽

Paulo State ◽

Tillandsia Usneoides ◽

São Paulo State

Tillandsia usneoides is an epiphytic bromeliad that has been used as a universal bioindicator. The species accumulates metals and presents foliar scale variations when exposed to air pollutants. This study aimed to use the variations in foliar scales as microscopic markers of pollutant effects in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC), São Paulo State, Brazil. T. usneoides plants were exposed for 12 weeks during dry and wet seasons, totaling four exposures, at five sites in the MRC. Samples were selected before each exposure for initial evaluation of the plants (T0). Leaf fragments were fixed in glutaraldehyde and total scale density and anomalous scale percentage were evaluated. Plants exposed in the MRC showed anomalies and changes in number of subperipheral cells of leaf scales. When compared to T0, T. usneoides presented higher total scale density and anomalous scale percentage at disturbed sites, thus the species can be used as a pollution bioindicator for MRC.

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Public perception of science of undergraduate students from the state of São Paulo: a study through the perspective of biotechnology

ETD - Educação Temática Digital ◽

10.20396/etd.v18i1.8635752 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Fernanda Oliveira Simon ◽

Estéfano Vizconde Veraszto ◽

José Tarcísio Franco de Camargo ◽

Dirceu da Silva ◽

Nonato Assis de Miranda

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Public Perception ◽

Technological Development ◽

Public Attitudes ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Scientific Practices ◽

São Paulo ◽

The Public ◽

Political Implications ◽

Mixed Approach

The association between scientific knowledge and attitudes toward science has historical, social and political implications. Therefore, it becomes essential to assess public attitudes in face of science as these relate to the changing context of scientific practices and their implications on practical and social problems. Thus, this paper presents results of a survey developed from a mixed approach, which evaluated the public perception of science and attitudes in face of the scientific and technological development, from the perspective of biotechnology, in a public composed of undergraduate students from different places of São Paulo State, in Brasil. The results obtained by confirmatory factor analysis are indicators that show that the conceptions that people have about science directly and positively influences their attitudes to science.

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