LOW-COST SIMULATOR ASSEMBLY FOR 3-DIMENSIONAL VIDEOSURGERY TRAINING

ABSTRACT Background: Three-dimensional videosurgery is already a reality worldwide. The trainee program for this procedure should be done initially and preferably in simulators. Aim: Assemble low-cost simulator for three-dimensional videosurgery training. Methods: The simulator presented here was mounted in two parts, base and glasses. After, several stations can be inserted into the simulator for skills training in videosurgery. Results: It was possible to set up three dimensional (3D) video simulations with low cost. It has proved to be easy to assemble and allows the training surgeon of various video surgical skills. Conclusion: This equipment may be used in undergraduate programs and advanced courses for residents and surgeons. The acrylic box allows the visualization of the task executed by the tutor and even by other experienced students.

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Optimum Design for the Frame of Open Type Abrasive Flow Polish Machine

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.497.89 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 497 ◽

pp. 89-93

Author(s):

Liang Liang Yuan ◽

Ke Hua Zhang ◽

Li Min

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Natural Frequency ◽

Finite Element Methods ◽

Optimization Design ◽

Low Cost ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Force Model ◽

Optimization Analysis ◽

Open Type ◽

Set Up

In order to process heterotype hole of workpiece precisely, an open abrasive flow polish machine is designed, and the optimization design of machine frame is done for low cost. Firstly, basing on the parameters designed with traditional ways, three-dimensional force model is set up with the soft of SolidWorks. Secondly, the statics and modal analysis for machine body have been done in Finite element methods (FEM), and then the optimization analysis of machine frame has been done. At last, the model of rebuild machine frame has been built. Result shows that the deformation angle value of machine frame increased from 0.72′ to 1.001′, the natural frequency of the machine decreased from 75.549 Hz to 62.262 Hz, the weight of machine decreased by 74.178 Kg after optimization. It meets the strength, stiffness and angel stiffness requirement of machine, reduces the weight and cost of machine.

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Cone-Beam Three-Dimensional Dental Volumetric Tomography in Dental Practice

International Dental Research ◽

10.5577/intdentres.2017.vol7.no3.3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 62 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Suzan Cangul ◽

Ozkan Adiguzel

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissues ◽

Low Cost ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Imaging Method ◽

Dental Practice ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Scanning Time ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Native Speakers Of English

Imaging methods are of great importance for diagnosis and treatment in dentistry. With technological advances, great progress has been made in these methods. Over time, 3-dimensional (3-D) imaging has replaced 2-dimensional, thereby providing examination of objects in all directions. Of these methods, which play an important role in the clinical evaluation of patients, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the newest and most advanced imaging method. This method will revolutionize dental in comparison with conventional CT, it has several advantages, including a shorter scanning time, low radiation dose, low cost and the acquisition of high-resolution images. With 3-D imaging technology, this method has introduced the possibility of applying several procedures from diagnosis in the maxillofacial region to operative and surgical procedures. Although very clear results are not obtained from the imaging of soft tissues, the most important advantage of this technology is the capability of imaging hard and soft tissues together. How to cite this article: Cangul S, Adiguzel O. Cone-Beam Three-Dimensional Dental Volumetric Tomography in Dental Practice. Int Dent Res 2017;7:62-70. Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

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Three Dimensional, Linear and Nonlinear Finite Element Modeling of FRP to Concrete Pull-Off Test

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.147.92 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 147 ◽

pp. 92-98

Author(s):

Majid Noori Hamedani

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Stress Distribution ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Nonlinear Finite Element ◽

Rc Structures ◽

Bond Behavior ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Concrete Layer ◽

Set Up

External bonding of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets to concrete is a popular method of strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) structures. A simple test was set-up in order to simulate the process of debonding in this type of strengthening. The set-up is simulating the bond behavior of strengthened RC structures. In the recent researches it was found out that bond behavior and actual stress distribution is a 3 dimensional phenomenon. This paper is presenting more details about pull-off tests by applying 3-D and nonlinear finite element models. As a first step linear model has been generated to show general stress distribution in the test, in a second step nonlinear model is implemented in order to predict the behavior of pull-off tests more accurately. Tests have shown that at ultimate load, deboning occurs within a concrete layer near the bond surface. Therefore, the paper is focusing on using a more realistic concretebehavior in the model.

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Small-Scale Models for Testing Masonry Structures

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.497 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 133-134 ◽

pp. 497-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alvaro Quinonez ◽

Jennifer Zessin ◽

Aissata Nutzel ◽

John Ochsendorf

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Model Testing ◽

Scale Model ◽

Small Scale ◽

Material Strength ◽

Masonry Structures ◽

Scale Models ◽

Set Up

Experiments may be used to verify numerical and analytical results, but large-scale model testing is associated with high costs and lengthy set-up times. In contrast, small-scale model testing is inexpensive, non-invasive, and easy to replicate over several trials. This paper proposes a new method of masonry model generation using three-dimensional printing technology. Small-scale models are created as an assemblage of individual blocks representing the original structure’s geometry and stereotomy. Two model domes are tested to collapse due to outward support displacements, and experimental data from these tests is compared with analytical predictions. Results of these experiments provide a strong understanding of the mechanics of actual masonry structures and can be used to demonstrate the structural capacity of masonry structures with extensive cracking. Challenges for this work, such as imperfections in the model geometry and construction problems, are also addressed. This experimental method can provide a low-cost alternative for the collapse analysis of complex masonry structures, the safety of which depends primarily on stability rather than material strength.

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OptiJ: Open-source optical projection tomography of large organ samples

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-52065-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Pedro P. Vallejo Ramirez ◽

Joseph Zammit ◽

Oliver Vanderpoorten ◽

Fergus Riche ◽

Francois-Xavier Blé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Open Source ◽

Low Cost ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Optical Projection Tomography ◽

Optical Components ◽

Adult Mice ◽

Optical Projection ◽

Set Up ◽

Imagej Plugin ◽

Lung Lobes

Abstract The three-dimensional imaging of mesoscopic samples with Optical Projection Tomography (OPT) has become a powerful tool for biomedical phenotyping studies. OPT uses visible light to visualize the 3D morphology of large transparent samples. To enable a wider application of OPT, we present OptiJ, a low-cost, fully open-source OPT system capable of imaging large transparent specimens up to 13 mm tall and 8 mm deep with 50 µm resolution. OptiJ is based on off-the-shelf, easy-to-assemble optical components and an ImageJ plugin library for OPT data reconstruction. The software includes novel correction routines for uneven illumination and sample jitter in addition to CPU/GPU accelerated reconstruction for large datasets. We demonstrate the use of OptiJ to image and reconstruct cleared lung lobes from adult mice. We provide a detailed set of instructions to set up and use the OptiJ framework. Our hardware and software design are modular and easy to implement, allowing for further open microscopy developments for imaging large organ samples.

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Four-Dimensional Map Reconstruction for Urban Progress Analysis

Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University ◽

10.35741/issn.0258-2724.55.2.54 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Zahraa E. Hussein ◽

Marwa M. Bori ◽

Layla K. Abbas

Keyword(s):

Spatial Information ◽

Low Cost ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Water Area ◽

Google Earth ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Data Set ◽

Important Indicator ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

The University

The article describes a simple and low cost methodology of four-dimensional map creation, based on the main elements of the urban world like such as green ground, buildings, soil, water area and others, which makes it possible to detect the urban progress during a certain period using an open source data of Google Earth and geographical information system. This implies that a study of changes in urban elementrequire an integration of spatial information and corresponding real time, which is referred to as the four-dimensional map. Accordingly, the fourth dimensional (time) was added to the three dimensional spatial information (3 dimensional) study area signifies by the University of Baghdad, Aljadrya Campus. Regarding the article, the study area’s urban progress was considered for Google Earth’s available period of the data set that started from 2002 to 2019 at each of 2002, 2005, 2010 in addition to 2019 before being updated from the field observation. The main goal of this article is to provide an important indicator that can be used to determine the nature of current growth and forecast it in the future. Furthermore, it can be used for solving the problems of negative urban progress, which is what most developing countries are experiencing. Findings show significant changes in the main objects of the study area are represented by increasing each of buildings, green grounds, play grounds by about 40.9%, 65.4% and 30.2% respectively, which are offset by decrease insoil grounds of nearly 20.8%.

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Affordable Three-Dimensional Printed Heart Models

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.3389/fcvm.2021.642011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Gorka Gómez-Ciriza ◽

Tomás Gómez-Cía ◽

José Antonio Rivas-González ◽

Mari Nieves Velasco Forte ◽

Israel Valverde

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Medical Training ◽

Low Cost ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Point Of View ◽

Cardiac Device ◽

Three Dimensional Printing ◽

Average Production ◽

Set Up ◽

Dimensional Printing

This is a 7-years single institution study on low-cost cardiac three-dimensional (3D) printing based on the use of free open-source programs and affordable printers and materials. The process of 3D printing is based on several steps (image acquisition, segmentation, mesh optimization, slicing, and three-dimensional printing). The necessary technology and the processes to set up an affordable three-dimensional printing laboratory are hereby described in detail. Their impact on surgical and interventional planning, medical training, communication with patients and relatives, patients' perception on care, and new cardiac device development was analyzed. A total of 138 low-cost heart models were designed and printed from 2013 to 2020. All of them were from different congenital heart disease patients. The average time for segmentation and design of the hearts was 136 min; the average time for printing and cleaning the models was 13.5 h. The average production cost of the models was €85.7 per model. This is the most extensive series of 3D printed cardiac models published to date. In this study, the possibility of manufacturing three-dimensional printed heart models in a low-cost facility fulfilling the highest requirements from a technical and clinical point of view is demonstrated.

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Design and Implementation of a 3-Dimensional Attitudes Estimator Device using Low Cost Accelerometer & Gyroscope with Microcontroller IDE

INCAS BULLETIN ◽

10.13111/2066-8201.2020.12.2.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 151-161

Author(s):

M. RAJA ◽

Ugur GUVEN ◽

Kartikay SINGH

Keyword(s):

Dimensional Space ◽

Low Cost ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Aerospace Applications ◽

Vector Quantity ◽

Measurement Units ◽

Fixed Axis ◽

The Stability ◽

Three Dimensional Space

Navigation and guidance systems for most automobile as well as aerospace applications require a coupled chip setup known as Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) which, depending on the degree of freedoms, contains a Gyroscope (for maintaining orientation and angular velocity), Accelerometers (to determine acceleration in the respective direction) and a Magnetometer (to determine the respective magnetic fields). In the three-dimensional space, any required rotation analysis is limited to the coordinate systems and all subtended angles in either direction must be defined by a fixed axis to effectively estimate the stability and to define all the attitude estimates needed to compile different rotations and orientations. The Quaternions are mathematical notations used for defining rotations and orientation in three-dimensional space. The simplest terms Quaternions are impossible to visualize in a three-dimensional space; the first three terms will be identical to the coordinate system, but through Quaternions another vector quantity is added into the equations, which may in fact underline how we can account for all rotational quantities. The fundamental analysis of these components different applications for various fields is proposed.

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GEOMATIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION AND A HYBRID VIEWER FOR THE ARCHAELOGICAL SITE OF CÁPARRA (SPAIN)

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-1105-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol XLII-2 ◽

pp. 1105-1111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Tejeda-Sánchez ◽

A. Muñoz-Nieto ◽

P. Rodríguez-Gonzálvez

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Low Cost ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Models ◽

Site Survey ◽

Topographic Survey ◽

Cad Models ◽

Close Range ◽

Archaeological Reconstruction ◽

Set Up

Visualization and analysis use to be the final steps in Geomatics. This paper shows the workflow followed to set up a hybrid 3D archaeological viewer. Data acquisition of the site survey was done by means of low-cost close-range photogrammetric methods. With the aim not only to satisfy the general public but also the technicians, a large group of Geomatic products has been obtained (2d plans, 3d models, orthophotos, CAD models coming from vectorization, virtual anastylosis, and cross sections). Finally, all these products have been integrated into a three-dimensional archaeological information system. The hybrid archaeological viewer designed allows a metric and quality approach to the scientific analysis of the ruins, improving, thanks to the implementation of a database, and its potential for queries, the benefits of an ordinary topographic survey.

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