Pesticide selectivity to natural enemies: challenges and constraints for research and field recommendation

ABSTRACT: Pesticides are considered the first line of defense for the control of pests and diseases. At least in the short and medium term, the use of pesticides will remain an important strategy for pest management, allowing growers to produce crops of sufficient quality at low costs. A broad approach known as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) combines several different pest-control strategies, among which the combination of chemical and biological control stands out. It requires pesticides that achieve optimal control of target pests with minimal impact on the activity of biological control agents. Because of the dynamics of pest infestations, IPM routines are continuously adjusted by growers, requiring comprehensive information about pesticide effects on natural enemies. However, this information is not always available and often contradictory, which constrains the design of field recommendations. In this review, we focused on the importance of selective pesticides in IPM programs, and the effects of chemical pesticides on parasitoids, predators, and entomopathogenic fungi. We provided a detailed discussion of the challenges and constraints for research on pesticide effects on natural enemies, as well as for the resulting field recommendations.

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Conserving carnivorous arthropods: an example from early-season cranberry (Ericaceae) flooding

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/tce.2017.66 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 150 (2) ◽

pp. 265-273

Author(s):

J. van Zoeren ◽

C. Guédot ◽

S.A. Steffan

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Pest Management ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Cultural Control ◽

Generalist Predators ◽

Early Season ◽

Insecticide Application ◽

Insecticide Spray

AbstractBiological control plays an important role in many integrated pest management programmes, but can be disrupted by other control strategies, including chemical and cultural controls. In commercial cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton; Ericaceae) production, a spring flood can replace an insecticide application, providing an opportunity to study the compatibility of the flood (a cultural control) with biological control. We suspect that chemical controls will tend to reduce the number of natural enemies, while the flood, through removal of detritus and detritivores, may cause generalist predators to prey-switch to consume proportionally more pest individuals. We measured the abundance of herbivores (Lepidoptera), detritivores, Arachnida, and parasitoids (Hymenoptera) every week for six weeks in Wisconsin (United States of America) cranberry beds following either an insecticide spray or a cultural control flood. We found that detritivore populations rapidly declined in both flood and spray treatments; conversely, carnivore populations (spiders and parasitoids) were more abundant in the flooded beds than in sprayed beds. Populations of key cranberry pests were similar between flooded and sprayed beds. Our results showed that early-season flooding preserved more natural enemies than an insecticide application. This increase in natural enemy abundance after the flood may allow for greater continuity in herbivore suppression, potentially providing a basis for long-term cranberry pest management.

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First report of Lema bilineata Germar (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) damaging Physalis peruviana (L.) in Brazil

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20200735 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Adelia Maria Bischoff ◽

Jason Lee Furuie ◽

Alessandra Benatto ◽

Rubens Candido Zimmermann ◽

Emily Silva Araujo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Pest Management ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Total Consumption ◽

Preventive Control ◽

Physalis Peruviana ◽

First Time ◽

Cape Gooseberry

ABSTRACT: Increased production of the Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in Brazil has given rise to interest in identifying the phytophagous species that might damage this crop to inform preventive control and integrated pest management strategies. In this study, we report the occurrence and describe the damage that larvae and adults of Lema bilineata Germar (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) cause in P. peruviana. The number of L. bilineata individuals, both larvae and adults, significantly affected the total consumption of P. peruviana leaves. We also report, for the first time, three natural enemies, including a fungus, a fly, and an ant, which are associated with this pest in Brazil and may play a role in biological control strategies.

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AN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT MODEL WITH DOSE-RESPONSE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES

Journal of Biological System ◽

10.1142/s0218339018500043 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (01) ◽

pp. 59-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

BAOLIN KANG ◽

BING LIU ◽

FENGMEI TAO

Keyword(s):

Asymptotic Stability ◽

Pest Management ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Sufficient Conditions ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Delayed Response ◽

Threshold Condition ◽

Significant Control ◽

Dose Response Effect

Considering the delayed response to pesticide applications and the long-term residual effects of pesticides after the deployment of a pest management strategy, this paper develops a pollutant-discharge model to simulate pesticide spraying and analyze the effect of releasing natural enemies of the pest. The following two different control strategies are discussed: (1) the frequency of spraying pesticides is higher than that of releasing natural enemies, and (2) the frequency of releasing natural enemies is higher than that of spraying pesticides. For different control strategies, the sufficient conditions of locally asymptotic stability and globally asymptotic stability of the pest-eradication periodic solution are obtained. Using numerical simulations, we analyze the sensitivity of the threshold condition with respect to the parameters, identify the major factors affecting pest control and provide guidance for decision-making in pest management. Finally, we compare the control strategies and analyze which strategy is optimal as the most significant control parameters are varying.

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Biological control of Drosophila suzukii.

CAB Reviews Perspectives in Agriculture Veterinary Science Nutrition and Natural Resources ◽

10.1079/pavsnnr202015054 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (054) ◽

Author(s):

Xing-eng Wang

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Classical Biological Control ◽

Research Progress ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Control Programs ◽

Crop Fields ◽

Indigenous Natural Enemies

Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is native to East Asia but has widely established in the Americas and Europe, where it is a devastating pest of soft-skinned fruits. It has a wide host range and these non-crop habitats harbor the fly which then repeatedly reinvades crop fields. Biological control in non-crop habitats could be the cornerstone for sustainable management at the landscape level. Toward this goal, researchers have developed or investigated biological control tactics. We review over 100 studies, conducted in the Americas, Asia and Europe on natural enemies of D. suzukii. Two previous reviews provided an overview of potential natural enemies and detailed accounts on foreign explorations. Here, we provide an up-to-date list of known or evaluated parasitoids, predators and entomopathogens (pathogenic fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses) and summarize research progress to date. We emphasize a systematic approach toward the development of biological control strategies that can stand alone or be combined with more conventional control tools. Finally, we propose a framework for the integrated use of biological control tools, from classical biological control with host-specific Asian parasitoids, to augmentative and conservation biological control with indigenous natural enemies, to the use of entomopathogens. This review provides a roadmap to foster the use of biological control tools in more sustainable D. suzukii control programs.

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Dynamics of Aboveground Natural Enemies of Grasshoppers, and Biodiversity after Application of Paranosema locustae in Rangeland

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10080224 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 224

Author(s):

Wang-Peng Shi ◽

Xiao-Yu Wang ◽

Yue Yin ◽

Yu-Xing Zhang ◽

Um-e-Hani Rizvi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Control Agent ◽

Arthropod Community ◽

Arthropod Diversity ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Chemical Pesticides

Substantial harm to ecosystems from the use of chemical pesticides has led to an increasing interest in the use of biopesticides to control grasshoppers in rangelands, including China. One such potential biopesticide for control of grasshoppers is the fungus Paranosema locustae. In this study, the dynamics of aboveground natural enemies of grasshoppers and arthropod diversity 0–9 years after application of P. locustae were investigated in rangeland in Qinghai Plateau, China. We found that the number of species and of individuals of aboveground natural enemies increased by 17–250% and 40–126%, respectively, after spraying P. locustae, and that the main natural enemies showed three peaks after treatment. The conventional indices of species diversity (H’) and evenness (J’) increased by 11–267% and 13–171%, respectively, after treatment with P. locustae. The results showed the positive effects of P. locustae on aboveground natural enemies and biodiversity in an arthropod community in Chinese rangeland. Paranosema locustae is thought to be a safe biological control agent for grasshopper management in Northwestern China.

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Implementation of biological control

American Journal of Alternative Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0889189300002265 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 3 (2-3) ◽

pp. 102-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Joop C. van Lenteren

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Pest Control ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Control Program ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Future Developments ◽

Industry Policy ◽

Chemical Pesticides ◽

Inoculative Biological Control

AbstractThe number of species of insect pests, estimated to be maximally 10,000 worldwide, forms only a small part of the millions of species of plant-eating insects. Chemical pest control is becoming increasingly difficult and objectionable in terms of environmental contamination so that other methods of pest control need to be developed. One of the best alternatives is biological control. Natural and inoculative biological control has already proven successful against a variety of pests over large areas. One is inclined to forget, however, how successful a biological control program has been as soon as the pest problem has been solved. Other types of biological control involving the regular introduction or augmentation of natural enemies are better known, although these have been applied on a much smaller scale; a survey of the present-day application of these latter types of biological control is presented here. Phases in the implementation of biological control are illustrated and needed future developments in research are discussed. The main limitation on the development of biological control is not the research, since natural enemies are easier found and with a much lower investment than new chemical pesticides, but rather the attitudes held by growers and disinterest on the part of industry, policy-makers, and politicians. The first priority for those concerned with the development and application of safer pest control should, therefore, be to change the perceptions that these other groups have of biological control.

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Caracterización Molecular de la Diversidad Fúngica de los Bosques Llucud y Palictahua: Potencialidades en Control Biológico/Molecular Characterization of Diversity Fungic of the Llucud and Palictahua Forests: Potential in Biological Control

KnE Engineering ◽

10.18502/keg.v5i2.6249 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

N. S. Erazo Sandoval ◽

J. C. Manzano Ocaña ◽

B. D. Patiño Castillo

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Natural Ecosystem ◽

Metarhizium Robertsii ◽

Killer Activity ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Palabras Clave ◽

Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽

Chemical Pesticides ◽

Generation Sequencing

Dentro de los microorganismos más abundantes que se pueden encontrar en formaciones ecosistémicas naturales como los bosques andinos del Ecuador se encuentran los hongos microscópicos, los cuales desempeñan funciones cruciales en dichos ecosistemas. Por lo cual el objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar molecularmente la diversidad de hongos presentes en los bosques nativos Llucud y Palictahua, estableciendo sus potencialidades de uso en el control biológico de plagas y enfermedades que afectan a los cultivos agrícolas y cuyo control en su mayoría se lo realiza con plaguicidas químicos. Mediante secuenciación de próxima generación (NGS por sus siglas en inglés) de las muestras compuestas de suelo tomadas del horizonte “A” (rizósfera) de cada bosque, se identificaron 56 especies de hongos en Palictahua y 38 en Llucud, presentándose en ambos bosques un total de 6 hongos con importantes potencialidades para su uso en el control biológico, dentro de las cuales se encontraron: Brachyphoris oviparasitica (nematófago), Simplicillium (entomopatógeno y micoparásito), Hamamotoa lignophila (levadura con actividad Killer) en Llucud, y Metarhizium robertsii (entomopatógeno), Brachyphoris oviparasitica (nematófago) y Paraphaeosphaeria parmeliae (micoparásito) en Palictahua. El Bosque Palictahua presentó mayor diversidad de hongos que el bosque Llucud, sin embargo es importante cuidar ambos bosques, pues poseen una gran riqueza microbiana con un sinnúmero de posibilidades de uso en la medicina, industria, biotecnología y otros campos. Among the most abundant microorganisms that can be found in natural ecosystem formations such as the Andean forests of Ecuador are microscopic fungi, which play crucial roles in these ecosystems. So that the objective of this research was to molecularly characterize the diversity of fungi present in the native forests Llucud and Palictahua, establishing their potential for use in the biological control of pests and diseases that affect agricultural crops and whose control is mostly carried out with chemical pesticides. Through next-generation sequencing (NGS for its acronym in English) of compound samples of soil took from “A” horizon (rhizosphere). 56 species of fungi were identified in Palictahua and 38 in Llucud, presenting in both forests a total of 6 fungi with significant potential for use in biological control, among which were found: Brachyphoris oviparasitica (nematophagous), Simplicillium sp. (entomopathogen and mycoparasite), Hamamotoa lignophila (yeast with Killer activity) in Llucud, and Metarhizium robertsii (entomopathogen), Brachyphoris oviparasitica (nematophagous) and Paraphaeosphaeria parmeliae (mycoparasite) in Palictahua. The Palictahua forest presented greater diversity of fungi than the Llucud forest, however it is important to take care of both forests, since they have a great microbial richness with a myriad of possibilities of use in medicine, industry, biotechnology and other fields. Palabras clave: Biodiversidad, Microbiota, Plaguicidas. Keywords: Biodiversity, Microbiota, Pesticides.

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Integrated Pest Management and Biological Control in High Tunnel Production

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/hortsci.19.1.61 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 61-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Laura Pickett Pottorff ◽

Karen L. Panter

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Best Management Practices ◽

Management Practices ◽

High Tunnel ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Wide Range ◽

High Tunnels ◽

Minor Crops

Crops grown in high tunnels are just as susceptible to pests and diseases as those grown under greenhouse and field conditions. Crops that lend themselves economically to this type of production system are edible and/or minor crops. Therefore, labeled pesticides for these crops are limited and sometimes nonexistent. However, there is a wide range of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies available to high tunnel producers. These strategies include biological control, which is often left out of traditional IPM programs when labeled pesticides are available. High tunnel production is very conducive to the inclusion of biological controls and allows for a truly IPM system. This article provides a selective overview of common arthropod pests and diseases encountered in high tunnels, as well as strategies that have potential for becoming best management practices in high tunnels with additional research.

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TINGKAT PENERAPAN PENGENDALIAN HAYATI TERHADAP HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TANAMAN (HPT) OLEH PETANI DI DUSUN KARANG, JURUG, MOJOSONGO, BOYOLALI

10.31219/osf.io/s54pe ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sheila Nandya Safira

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Target Location ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Crop Failure ◽

Control Techniques ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Crop Diseases ◽

Chemical Pesticides

The two main types of commodities cultivated by farmers in Karang Hamlet, Jurug Village, Mojosongo Sub-District, Boyolali are rice and corn. Of the ten farmers using different varieties. The cultivation of rice and corn crops is inseparable from pest attacks and crop diseases (HPT) with a diverse percentage of attacks. Efforts to control HPT by farmers relatively always use chemical pesticides. Insurmountable populations of pests and plant diseases will cause population blasting even up to 100% resulting in crop failure. Pesticide control is able to suppress pest and disease populations by up to 1%. Bio-control techniques have not been widely applied by farmers. The purpose of this study is to find out the level of application of biological control to pests and diseases of crops by farmers at the target location mentioned.

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Two Generalized Predator-Prey Models for Integrated Pest Management with Stage Structure and Disease in the Prey Population

Abstract and Applied Analysis ◽

10.1155/2013/424723 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ruiqing Shi ◽

Sanyi Tang ◽

Wenli Feng

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Impulsive Control ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Sufficient Conditions ◽

Stage Structure ◽

Predator Prey ◽

Predator Prey Models ◽

Impulsive Release

Stage-structured predator-prey models with disease in the prey are constructed. For the purpose of integrated pest management, two types of impulsive control strategies (impulsive release of infective prey and impulsive release of predator) are used. For Case 1, infective prey applications are more frequent than releases of predator (natural enemies). For Case 2, predator (natural enemies) releases are more frequent than infective prey applications. In both cases, we get the sufficient conditions for the global attractivity of the susceptible prey-eradication periodic solution. In addition, the persistence of the systems is also discussed. At last, the results are discussed and some possible future work is put forward.

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