scholarly journals The composition and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in karst soils and roots collected from mulberry of different ages

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Xing ◽  
Zhenhong Wang ◽  
Jiujun Xiao ◽  
Shiyu Han ◽  
Chaobin Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
454 Sequencing ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Environment Change ◽  
Amf Diversity ◽  
Root Sample ◽  
Amf Communities

ABSTRACT: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been attracted more scientific attentions due to its critical role in enhancement of drought tolerance of plants for growth and vegetation restoration in karst fragile ecosystem. However, scientists know little about the AMF composition and diversity occurring in root systems of mulberry (Morus sp.), and in karst habitats which return land use from mulberry forestry, as well as the effects of soil environment change on the diversity of the AMF communities. To understand: (1) the AMF community composition and diversity at different stage of returning cropland to forest; and (2) the effects of soil environment change on the diversity of the AMF communities, soil and mulberry root samples were collected from Bijie and Libo sites, China, which experienced one and ten years, respectively, after returning croplands to forest. With the high throughput 454-sequencing technology, 8 known genera including 83 virtual species were distinguished and the genera Glomus, Paraglomus, Archaeospora and Diversispora were found to be dominant in soil and root sample. Compared to the samples in Libo, the genera Glomus, Paraglomus, Acaulospora and Claroideoglomus in root samples at Bijie site had a relatively abundance of species indicating that the returning cropland to forest is benefit to the AMF diversity and abundance, which was attribute to the variation of soil physiochemical properties. This conclusion is of great significance for guiding the return of farmland to forests.

scholarly journals Succession of endophytic fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the growth of plant and their correlation with secondary metabolites in the roots of plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanli Dang ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Zhongke Wang ◽  
Guifang Li ◽  
Wenqin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Amf Diversity ◽  
Metabolite Accumulation ◽  
Amf Communities

Abstract Background To decipher the root and microbial interaction, secondary metabolite accumulation in roots and the microbial community’s succession model during the plant’s growth period demands an in-depth investigation. However, till now, no comprehensive study is available on the succession of endophytic fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with roots of medicinal licorice plants and the effects of endophytic fungi and AMF on the secondary metabolite accumulation in licorice plant’s root. Results In the current study, interaction between root and microbes in 1–3 years old medicinal licorice plant’s root and rhizospheric soil was investigated. Secondary metabolites content in licorice root was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The composition and diversity of endophytic and AMF in the root and soil were deciphered using high-throughput sequencing technology. During the plant’s growth period, as compared to AMF, time and species significantly affected the diversity and richness of endophytic fungi, such as Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Sarocladium. The growth period also influenced the AMF diversity, evident by the significant increase in the relative abundance of Glomus and the significant decrease in the relative abundance of Diversispora. It indicated a different succession pattern between the endophytic fungal and AMF communities. Meanwhile, distance-based redundancy analysis and Mantel tests revealed root’s water content and secondary metabolites (glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, and total flavonoids), which conferred endophytic fungi and AMF diversity. Additionally, plant growth significantly altered soil’s physicochemical properties, which influenced the distribution of endophytic fungal and AMF communities. Conclusions This study indicated a different succession pattern between the endophytic fungal and AMF communities. During the plant’s growth period, the contents of three secondary metabolites in roots increased per year, which contributed to the overall differences in composition and distribution of endophytic fungal and AMF communities. The endophytic fungal communities were more sensitive to secondary metabolites than AMF communities. The current study provides novel insights into the interaction between rhizospheric microbes and root exudates.

scholarly journals Diverse and abundant arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in ecological floating beds used to treat eutrophic water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhouying Xu ◽  
Yichao Lv ◽  
Yinghe Jiang ◽  
Xiaodong Luo ◽  
Xuelin Gui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Amf Diversity ◽  
Amf Communities

Abstract An increasing number of investigations have demonstrated the universal existence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about the accurate distribution and functions of AMF inhabiting aquatic ecosystems, especially ecological floating bed (EFB) which was constructed for the remediation of polluted waterbodies.In this study, we collected root samples of Canna generalis, Cyperus alternifolius and Eichhornia crassipes from three EFBs floating on two eutrophic lakes in Wuhan, China, to investigate the resources and distribution of AMF in EFBs using Illumina Mi-seq technology. A total of 229 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 21 taxon from 348,799 Glomeromycota sequences were detected. Glomus was the most dominant AMF in the three EFBs while the second dominant AMF was related to Acaulospora. Different aquatic plant species exhibited varying degrees of AMF colonization (3.83%~71%), diversity (6~103 OTUs, 3~15 virtual taxa) and abundance (14~57551 sequences). Low AMF abundance but relatively high AMF diversity were found in C. alternifolius which is usually considered as non-mycorrhizal, demonstrating the high accuracy of Illumina sequencing. In addition, results from this study suggested a lognormal species abundance distribution was observed across AMF taxa in the three plant species, and the AMF community composition was closely related to pH, nitrogen and phosphorus.Overall, our data demonstrated that diverse and abundant AMF communities were living in EFBs, and the AMF community composition was closely related to the water quality of eutrophic lakes treated by EFBs, providing potential possibility for the applications of AMF in plant-based bioremediation of wastewater.

scholarly journals Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Agroforestry, Conventional Plantations and Native Forests in Roraima State, Northern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharles Mesquita Araújo ◽  
Krisle da Silva ◽  
Gilmara Maria Duarte Pereira ◽  
Alexandre Curcino ◽  
Sidney Luiz Stürmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Amf Diversity ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Land Use And Management

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important components of the soil microbiota in terrestrial ecosystems, under the influence of various factors such as soil use and management, and can be adapted to a structure and diversity of fungal communities. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the influence of different systems of land use and management on AMF diversity in the Roraima State, Brazil. We collected soil samples in agroforestry, conventional soybean planting, conventional corn and native forest. After 150 days of incubation in a greenhouse, we extracted the spores in order to evaluate AMF, volume and to determine taxonomic identification. We found 16 species of AMF and the genus Acaulospora was the most frequent, followed by Glomus. Soil under agroforestry system had the highest species richness and the native forest, the lowest. On the other hand, soybean and corn areas presented greater density values than agroforestry system and native forest. In the agroforestry system, SOM attributes, Al3+ and H + Al had influence in AMF species richness. Thus, agroforestry constitute sustainable alternative influencing AMF communities in these ecosystems.

Diversity of a phosphate transporter gene among species and isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Giovannini ◽  
Cristiana Sbrana ◽  
Luciano Avio ◽  
Alessandra Turrini
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
Amf Diversity

ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a key group of beneficial obligate biotrophs, establishing a mutualistic symbiosis with the roots of most land plants. The molecular markers generally used for their characterization are mainly based on informative regions of nuclear rDNA (SSU-ITS-LSU), although protein-encoding genes have also been proposed. Within functional genes, those encoding for phosphate transporters (PT) are particularly important in AMF, given their primary ability to take up Pi from soil, and to differentially affect plant phosphate nutrition. In this work, we investigated the genetic diversity of PT1 gene sequences and sequences of the taxonomically relevant SSU-ITS-LSU region in two isolates of the species Funneliformis coronatus, three isolates of the species Funneliformis mosseae and two species of the genus Rhizoglomus, originated from geographically distant areas and cultured in vivo. Our results showed that partial PT1 sequences not only successfully differentiated AMF genera and species like ribosomal gene sequences but also highlighted intraspecific diversity among F. mosseae and F. coronatus isolates. The study of functional genes related to the uptake of key mineral nutrients for the assessment of AMF diversity represents a key step in the selection of efficient isolates to be used as inocula in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to root colonization, spore density, and soil properties among different spreading stages of the exotic plant threeflower beggarweed (Desmodium triflorum) in a Zoysia tenuifolia lawn

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-701
Author(s):  
Xiaoge Han ◽  
Changchao Xu ◽  
Yutao Wang ◽  
Dan Huang ◽  
Qiang Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Spore Densities

AbstractWeed invasion is a prevailing problem in modestly managed lawns. Less attention has been given to the exploration of the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under different invasion pressures from lawn weeds. We conducted a four-season investigation into a Zoysia tenuifolia Willd. ex Thiele (native turfgrass)–threeflower beggarweed [Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC.] (invasive weed) co-occurring lawn. The root mycorrhizal colonizations of the two plants, the soil AM fungal communities and the spore densities under five different coverage levels of D. triflorum were investigated. Desmodium triflorum showed significantly higher root hyphal and vesicular colonizations than those of Z. tenuifolia, while the root colonizations of both species varied significantly among seasons. The increased coverage of D. triflorum resulted in the following effects: (1) the spore density initially correlated with mycorrhizal colonizations of Z. tenuifolia but gradually correlated with those of D. triflorum. (2) Correlations among soil properties, spore densities, and mycorrhizal colonizations were more pronounced in the higher coverage levels. (3) Soil AMF community compositions and relative abundances of AMF operational taxonomic units changed markedly in response to the increased invasion pressure. The results provide strong evidence that D. triflorum possessed a more intense AMF infection than Z. tenuifolia, thus giving rise to the altered host contributions to sporulation, soil AMF communities, relations of soil properties, spore densities, and root colonizations of the two plants, all of which are pivotal for the successful invasion of D. triflorum in lawns.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Associated Microbiota as Plant Biostimulants: Research Strategies for the Selection of the Best Performing Inocula

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Giovannini ◽  
Michela Palla ◽  
Monica Agnolucci ◽  
Luciano Avio ◽  
Cristiana Sbrana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Amf Diversity ◽  
Nutrient Transporter ◽  
Colonization Ability

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial soil microorganisms establishing mutualistic symbioses with the roots of the most important food crops and playing key roles in the maintenance of long-term soil fertility and health. The great inter- and intra-specific AMF diversity can be fully exploited by selecting AMF inocula on the basis of their colonization ability and efficiency, which are affected by fungal and plant genotypes and diverse environmental variables. The multiple services provided by AMF are the result of the synergistic activities of the bacterial communities living in the mycorrhizosphere, encompassing nitrogen fixation, P solubilization, and the production of phytohormones, siderophores, and antibiotics. The tripartite association among host plants, mycorrhizal symbionts, and associated bacteria show beneficial emerging properties which could be efficiently exploited in sustainable agriculture. Further in-depth studies, both in microcosms and in the field, performed on different AMF species and isolates, should evaluate their colonization ability, efficiency, and resilience. Transcriptomic studies can reveal the expression levels of nutrient transporter genes in fungal absorbing hyphae in the presence of selected bacterial strains. Eventually, newly designed multifunctional microbial consortia can be utilized as biofertilizers and biostimulants in sustainable and innovative production systems.

Anthropogenic and soil environmental drivers of arbuscular mycorrhizal community composition differ between grassland ecosystems

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice G. Tipton ◽  
Elizabeth L. Middleton ◽  
William G. Spollen ◽  
Candace Galen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
South Central ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Root Sample ◽  
Amf Communities

Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants are sensitive to a myriad of underlying factors, including soil chemistry and land-use disturbances. Here we address how two grassland ecosystems (Ozark glades vs. tallgrass prairies) in south-central USA have been impacted by legacy effects from land-use disturbances (e.g., fire suppression in glades and tillage, fertilizer, row cropping, and grazing in prairies) and geological substrate (acidic versus calcareous bedrock). We surveyed AMF on the roots of two native generalist host species [Ruellia humilis Nutt. and Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash] as well as plants randomly selected from the plant community. Glades on calcareous bedrock had a higher pH than those on acidic bedrock, and AMF communities on all three root sample types varied between acidic and calcareous bedrock locations. In prairies, both bedrock types had a similar soil pH, and AMF communities on all three root sample types varied across remnant and disturbed prairies. Shifts in AMF composition across land-use history included shifts in dominant AMF genera, and some unique rare AMF taxa were restricted to only calcareous glades or remnant prairies. Our findings suggest that reseeding prairie plant communities on cultivated lands does not restore AMF communities. Restoration projects need to address the soil environment and community.

Mycorrhizal fungi associated with three species of turfgrass

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Koske ◽  
J. N. Gemma ◽  
N. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Spore Abundance ◽  
Amf Communities

Small plots of highly maintained turfs of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris cv. Penncross) and velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina cv. Kingstown) and a marginally maintained stand of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) were sampled intensively over a 15-month period to measure the populations of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with their root systems. Direct isolation of spores and trap cultures were used to assess the AMF communities. Spores of more than 18 species of AMF were isolated. The six dominant species (as measured by the abundance and frequency of occurrence of spores) were Acaulospora mellea, an undescribed species of Acaulospora, Scutellospora calospora, Glomus occultum, Glomus etunicatum, and Entrophospora infrequens. Spores of 17 species of AMF were recovered from the root zones of velvet bentgrass, 15 species from creeping bentgrass, and 14 from annual bluegrass. Soil fertility differed among the three sites, and it was not possible to ascribe differences in the AMF communities in each plot to any particular variable (e.g., host, pH, soil P). Average spore abundance was greatest in the creeping bentgrass plot (191.0 spores/100 mL), next in the velvet bentgrass plot (82.4 spores/100 mL), and least in the bluegrass plot (28.4 spores/100 mL). Spores were recovered from a significantly greater percentage of the samples from the bentgrass plots (88.5 – 96.8%) than from the bluegrass plot (76.6%). Spores of an average of 4.5 species of AMF were isolated monthly from creeping bentgrass, 3.3 from velvet bentgrass and 2.0 from bluegrass. Average species richness and spore abundance were positively correlated in the creeping bentgrass and bluegrass plots (r = 0.77, p = 0.001, and r = 0.68, p = 0.006), but not in the velvet bentgrass plot. Spore abundance showed strong seasonal trends in all three plots (p = 0.03 – 0.001), with numbers increasing from spring until November. Richness and abundance declined from December until the following spring. In the bluegrass area, which experienced summer drought, spore populations and richness also showed a precipitous decline in July and August in the 1st year of the study (1990), but not in the 2nd year (1991). No such summer decline occurred in the bentgrass plots that received irrigation. The AMF community that was circumscribed by direct spore counts from the field usually was highly dissimilar to the community that was estimated by trap cultures initiated using soil from the turf areas. Key words: annual bluegrass, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, creeping bentgrass, putting greens, turfgrass, velvet bentgrass.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Wati (Piper methysticum), a Medicinal Plant from Merauke Lowland, Papua, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-266
Author(s):  
Suharno Suharno ◽  
Supeni Sufaati ◽  
Verena Agustini ◽  
Rosye H. R. Tanjung
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Local People ◽  
Piper Methysticum ◽  
Root Sample ◽  
Tract Infections

Indonesia is rich of natural resources, including the diversity of agricultural crops and other valuable plants. Many plant species used by local people for traditional herbal medicine and some other species used by drug industries. Among these, Wati (Piper methysticum, Piperaceae) is one of the medicinal plant found in Merauke lowland, Papua. It has been cultivated by local people because of it high value as medicinal and cultural uses. Wati plant is used to treat anti-stress, rheumatism, respiratory tract infections, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, headache etc. The habitat, including the microorganism in the soil plays an important role in the growth of this plant. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with the rhizosphere of Wati from Merauke lowland. Soil and root samples were collected from different locations and the colonization percentage on the root sample were determined. Our results showed that the number of the spores in the soil samples was 45-89 spores/50 g soil, while the colonization percentage on the root was 38.46-83.3%. Among 13 AMF morphospecies that found on the soil samples, 10 were identified to genus level such as Glomus, Clariodeoglomus, Acaulospora and Scutellospora, while the other were unidentified. Further work will be needed such as trap-plant culture method to get more information on the diversity of AMF associated with Wati.

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