Estimation of optimum experimental plot size for taro culture

ABSTRACT: Taro is a tropical tuberous vegetable that produces cormels of high nutritional and energetic value. In recent years, its cultivation has expanded, creating the need for more research. However, the experimental plot size interferes directly with the precision of the experiment.Literature describes several methods for establishing the optimum experimental plot size. The objective of the current research was to estimate the optimal experimental plot size for taro culture, utilizing the Modified Maximum Curvature Method. The field experiment was conducted in the vegetable garden of the Departamentode Fitotecnia of Universidade Federal de Viçosa, from September 2011 to June 2012, with Japanese taro. Twenty-two rows with 20 plants each were planted, at 1.0×0.3 m spacing, considering the 20 central rows with 18 plants each as useful area, totaling 360 plants. Each plant corresponded to a basic unit (BU). Once the possible clusters were made, 23 different plot sizes were formed. At harvest, the fresh mass characteristics of large, medium, and marketable cormels were evaluated. The optimum plot sizes were: 8.77 BU for marketable cormels; 14.75 BU for large cormels, and 13.37 BU for medium cormels. Among the plot sizes estimated in this study, the aim was to improve precision of experiments performed with taro, plots formed by 15 BU that corresponded to a 4.5 m2 area are recommended.

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Optimum Plot Size and Number of Replications with Short-day Onions for Yield, Seedstem Formation, Number of Doubles, and Incidence of Foliar Diseases

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.128.3.0409 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 128 (3) ◽

pp. 409-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

George E. Boyhan ◽

David B. Langston ◽

Albert C. Purvis ◽

C. Randell Hill

Keyword(s):

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Basic Unit ◽

Optimum Number ◽

Chi Square ◽

Yield Data ◽

Plot Size ◽

Maximum Curvature ◽

Short Day ◽

Southern Belle

Five different statistical methods were used to estimate optimum plot size and three different methods were used to estimate optimum number of replications with short-day onions (Allium cepa L.) for yield, seedstem formation (bolting), purple blotch and/or Stemphylium (PB/S), botrytis leaf blight (BLB), and bulb doubling with a basic plot size unit of 1.5 × 1.8 m (length × width). Methods included Bartlett's test for homogeneity of variance, computed lsd values, maximum curvature of coefficient of variation plotted against plot size, Hatheway's method for a true mean difference, and Cochran and Cox's method for detecting a percent mean difference. Bartlett's chi-square was better at determining optimum plot size with transformed count and percent data compared with yield data in these experiments. Optimum plot size for yield of five basic units (7.5 m length) and four replications is indicated using computed lsd values where the lsd is <5% of the average for that plot size, which was the case in both years of this study. Based on all the methods used for yield, a plot size of four to five basic units and three to five replications is appropriate. For seedstems using computed lsd values, an optimum plot size of four basic units (6 m length) and two replications is indicated. For PB/S two basic units (3 m length) plot size with four replications is indicated by computed lsd values. For BLB a plot size of four basic units (6 m length) and three replications is optimum based on computed lsd values. Optimum plot size and number of replications for estimating bulb doubling was four basic units (6 m length) and two replications with `Southern Belle', a cultivar with a high incidence of doubling using computed lsd values. With `Sweet Vidalia', a cultivar with low incidence of bulb doubling, a plot size of four basic units (6 m length) and five replications is recommended by computed lsd values. Visualizing maximum curvature between coefficient of variation and plot size suggests plot sizes of seven to eight basic units (10.5 to 12 m length) for yield, 10 basic units (15 m length) for seedstems, five basic units (7.5 m length) for PB/S and BLB, five basic units (7.5 m length) for `Southern Belle' doubling, and 10 basic units (15 m length) for `Sweet Vidalia' doubling. A number of plot size-replication combinations were optimum for the parameters tested with Hatheway's and Cochran and Cox's methods. Cochran and Cox's method generally indicated a smaller plot size and number of replications compared to Hatheway's method regardless of the parameter under consideration. Overall, both Hatheway's method and computed lsd values appear to give reasonable results regardless of data (i.e., yield, seedstems, diseases etc.) Finally, it should be noted that the size of the initial basic unit will have a strong influence on the appropriate plot size.

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Experimental plot size of passion fruit

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452020125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Glaucia Amorim Faria ◽

Beatriz Garcia Lopes ◽

Ana Patrícia Bastos Peixoto ◽

Antonio Flávio Arruda Ferreira ◽

Kátia Luciene Maltoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Passion Fruit ◽

Basic Unit ◽

Experimental Plot ◽

Experimental Planning ◽

Plot Size ◽

Practical Matter ◽

Uniformity Test ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Barnyard Manure

Abstract The determination of the plot size is a practical matter pertinent to the experimental planning, and its optimal characterization allows to obtain higher precision and better quality in the results. Therefore, in this study, the main goal was to determine the plot size in experiments of passion fruit in two uniformity tests with Passiflora setacea and Passiflora alata. The experiment was constituted of a substrate at planting with 3 thirds of soil and 1 of barnyard manure. The soil was fertilizer with 3 kg of simple superphosphate and 0.5 kg of KCl by 1m³. Each species of Passiflora was considered a uniformity test with 40 basic units (BU). The evaluations of the experiments were done on 60 days after the transplant, noticing the tree’s height, stem’s diameter, number of leaves, number of buds, number of meristems and chlorophyll. Several plot sizes were simulated, in which each plant was first considered as a basic unit up to 40 plants per unit basic. For the estimation of optimum plot size, the maximum modified curvature method was used. The plot sizes varied with the specie, founding values as three to seven BU for Passiflora setacea and four BU to five for Passiflora alata.

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Methods for Estimating Optimum Plot Size for ‘Gigante’ Cactus Pear

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n14p205 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 205 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bruno V. C. Guimarães ◽

Sérgio L. R. Donato ◽

Ignacio Aspiazú ◽

Alcinei M. Azevedo ◽

Abner J. de Carvalho

Keyword(s):

High Precision ◽

Linear Response ◽

Basic Unit ◽

Phenotypic Characteristics ◽

Cactus Pear ◽

Plot Size ◽

Maximum Curvature ◽

Use Of Resources ◽

Quadratic Response ◽

Practical Feasibility

The optimum plot size for ‘Gigante’ cactus pear can be estimated by several methods; thus, ultimately aiming for efficiency, simple use and high precision, the objective of this study was to compare methods for estimating plot sizes: modified maximum curvature method, Hatheway’s convenient plot size method, linear and quadratic response plateau models, and comparison of variances method for evaluating phenotypic characteristics in experiments with ‘Gigante’ cactus pear. Plot sizes were estimated by conducting a uniformity trial. Estimated optimum plot sizes varied with the method and vegetative characteristic. The quadratic response plateau regression estimated the largest plot sizes, whereas Hatheway’s method estimated the smallest plot sizes. Comparison of variances method estimated intermediate plot sizes in comparison with the other methods for most measured characteristics. Plots sizes estimated by modified maximum curvature method are more consistent with results reported by studies on ‘Gigante’ cactus pear. 10 basic unit plot sizes estimated by the linear response plateau model can be used with high precision and practical feasibility for growing cactus pear, thereby improving the use of resources.

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Plot size and experimental unit relationship in exploratory experiments

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162005000600012 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

pp. 585-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Sérgio José Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽

Lindolfo Storck ◽

Sidinei José Lopes ◽

Alessandro Dal'Col Lúcio ◽

Sandra Feijó ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Tuber Yield ◽

Potato Crop ◽

Variable Number ◽

Basic Unit ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Yield Data ◽

Plot Size ◽

Maximum Curvature

Quality of field experiments data dependent upon adequate experimental design. This study investigated the relationship between the size of the basic unit for exploratory experiments and the optimum plot size, and the experiment precision with potato crop. Tuber yield of 24 rows, 144 mounds, were used to arrange experimental units of one, two, three, four, six, eight and 12 mounds. Tuber yield data of different mounds were used to arrange plot sizes with different numbers of basic units. The model CV(x)=A/X B was adjusted, in which CV(x) was the coefficient of variation among plots with different numbers of basic units. Optimum plot size was estimated with the modified maximum curvature method of the function CV(x)=A/X B, allowing completely random design. Experimental precision was estimated though the Hatheway method for different experimental arrangements. Based upon the modification of the maximum curvature method, for a fixed total experimental area, experimental unit size of potato initial experiments affects optimum plot size estimations with the same experimental precision and variable number of treatments.

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Optimum Plot Size for Experimental Cassava Production

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n10p231 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 231

Author(s):

Roberto Pequeno de Sousa ◽

Janilson Pinheiro de Assis ◽

Walter Martins Rodrigues ◽

Paulo César Ferreira Linhares ◽

Eudes de Almeida Cardoso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Plot ◽

Optimum Size ◽

Plot Size ◽

Maximum Curvature ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Cassava Production

This work aimed to determine the appropriate size of a plot for evaluation of cassava production. We performed a uniformity trial with the Mastruço cassava variety, in Pacajús, Ceará, Brazil, under dry conditions. Forty plants were cultivated at a spacing of 1.00 m × 0.60 m, in 15 rows. We manipulated 23 different plot sizes. The optimum size of the experimental plot was estimated by the maximum curvature method and the linear-plateau segment regression. We found an optimal plot size of 5.59 m2 for cassava production, what is lower than the size generally used in cassava studies.

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Optimal size of experimental plots of papaya trees using a modified maximum curvature method

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20180930 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Mauricio dos Santos da Silva ◽

Sebastião de Oliveira e Silva ◽

Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato ◽

Orlando Melo Sampaio Filho ◽

Gilmara de Melo Araújo Silva

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Plant Productivity ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Basic Unit ◽

Internal Cavity ◽

Optimal Size ◽

Plot Size ◽

Maximum Curvature ◽

Uniformity Test ◽

Experimental Plots

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the optimum plot size for the papaya crop by using the modified maximum curvature method under soil and climatic conditions of the Recôncavo Baiano. The experiment comprised a uniformity test using the CNPMF-L78 strain developed by Embrapa Mandioca and Fruticultura, planted at a spacing of 3 m x 2 m, with 16 central rows and 22 plants per row, totaling 352 plants and an area of 2,112 m2. The following parameters were evaluated: plant height and diameter; height of insertion of the first fruits; precocity; number of commercial fruits per plant; productivity; length, diameter, weight, firmness, internal cavity diameter, pulp thickness, and soluble fruit solids. Each plant was considered as a basic unit, with an area of 6 m2, thus making up 352 basic units whose adjacent units were combined to form 11 pre-established parcel arrangements with rectangular and row formats. The optimal plot size is seven plants perpendicular to the crop rows, that is, seven rows with one plant in each row, corresponding to the area of 42 m2, considering spacing of 3 m between rows and 2 m between papaya plants in the soil and climatic conditions of the Recôncavo Baiano.

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Basic experimental unit and plot sizes for fresh matter of sunn hemp

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20170660 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giovani Facco ◽

Alberto Cargnelutti Filho ◽

André Lavezo ◽

Denison Esequiel Schabarum ◽

Gabriela Görgen Chaves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Unit ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Crotalaria Juncea ◽

Evaluation Period ◽

Plot Size ◽

Maximum Curvature ◽

Sunn Hemp ◽

Sowing Season ◽

Uniformity Trials

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to verify the influence of the basic experimental unit (BEU) size in the estimation of the optimum plot size to evaluate the fresh matter of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) using the modified maximum curvature method. The fresh matter of sunn hemp was evaluated in uniformity trials in two sowing season in flowering. In each sowing season, 4,608 BEUs of 0.5×0.5m (0.25m2) were evaluated and 36 BEU plans were formed with sizes from 0.25 to 16m2. In each evaluation period for each BEU plan, using fresh matter data, optimum plot size was estimated through the modified maximum curvature method. Estimation of the optimum plot size depends on the BEU size. Assessing fresh matter in BEUs that are as small as possible is recommended in order to use it to estimate the optimum plot size.

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Plot size for evaluation of Arabica coffee yield

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v41i1.42712 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. e42712

Author(s):

Bráulio Fabiano Xavier de Moraes ◽

Fernando Henrique Ribeiro Barroso Toledo ◽

Kaio Olímpio das Graças Dias ◽

Vinícius Teixeira Andrade ◽

Daniel Furtado Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Basic Unit ◽

Parameter Estimates ◽

Coffee Production ◽

Resampling Methods ◽

Arabica Coffee ◽

Plot Size ◽

Coffee Yield ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Set Up

In most cases, in genetic breeding of Arabica coffee, plot size is defined in an empirical manner. It is often based only on the experience of the breeders and the availability of resources, potentially leading to a reduction in precision. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the size of the experimental plot for evaluation of coffee yield. We evaluated two experiments for validation of cultivars with 12 treatments set up in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and plots composed of 50 plants. Each plant was considered as a basic unit. Estimates of ideal plot size were made by maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation, linear-plateau segmented model and by the resampling methods. We discussed the variations in the parameter estimates for different plot sizes. Divergence was seen among the plot sizes estimated by the different methodologies. Increasing the number of plants per plot led to a higher experimental precision to the point that the increase was no longer significant. The plot size recommended for evaluating coffee production is from seven to 19 plants.

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Response of transplanted aman rice varieties to split application of potassium

Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries ◽

10.3329/ralf.v5i3.39577 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 313-320

Author(s):

Israt Jahan ◽

Sarder Md Altaf Hossain ◽

Md Anwarul Islam ◽

Joynulalam Talukder

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Experimental Plot ◽

Split Application ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Straw Yield ◽

Plot Size ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Equal Split

The research was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, to investigate the effect of time of split application of potassium on the yield of three transplanted (T) aman rice varieties. Rice varieties were BRRI dhan39, BRRI dhan40 and BRRI dhan41. Potassium was applied at the rate of 80 kg K ha-1. Experimental plot size was 5m2 (2.5m ×2.0m). Four split application of potassium [K1= Control (No K application), K2= 40 g K plot-1 at 15 DAT (days after transplanting), K3= 20 g K plot-1 at15 DAT+20 g K plot-1 at 30DAT, K4= 10 g K plot-1 at 15 DAT+ 10 g K plot-1 at 25DAT+ 10 g K plot-1 at 30 DAT+ 10 g K plot-1 at 45 DAT] were considered as treatments. From the experiment it was found that split application of potassium had no significant effect on plant height, length of panicle, thousand grains weight. It was evident that two splits application of potassium i.e., 20 g K plot-1 at 15 DAT+20 g K plot-1 at 30 DAT with BRRI dhan41 gave maximum no. of tiller hill-1, effective tiller hill-1, grains panicle-1, grain yield and straw yield, biological yield and harvest index. But varieties differed among themselves in terms of yield contributing characters and yield, and BRRI dhan41 performed the best. Therefore, based on the findings of the present study, it may be concluded that for obtaining higher yield BRRI dhan 41 can be grown following application of potassium at the rate of 80 kg ha-1 in two equal split at 15 and 30 days after transplanting Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(3): 313-320, December 2018

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OPTIMUM PLOT SIZE AND NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS IN PAPAYA FIELD EXPERIMENT

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452016373 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

EDILSON ROMAIS SCHMILDT ◽

OMAR SCHMILDT ◽

COSME DAMIÃO CRUZ ◽

LAERCIO FRANCISCO CATTANEO ◽

GERALDO ANTÔNIO FERREGUETTI

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Optimal Number ◽

Optimum Size ◽

Plot Size ◽

Maximum Curvature ◽

The North ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Planting Season

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to estimate the optimum plot size and number of replications in papaya field experiments. Eleven variables were evaluated in four cultivars of papaya with planting in different seasons between 2011 and 2013 in the north of the Espírito Santo state. Analysis were made from blank test applied to 240 selected for planting season and cultivate plants in commercial fields. The determination of optimum plot size was performed by applying the methodologies of modified maximum curvature and maximum curvature of coefficient of variation. The determination of the number of repetitions was taken from the least significant difference in average 20% and 30%. The optimum plot size proved the same by the two methods studied for most evaluations. The optimum size required differs among cultivars, between variables and between planting seasons, with the largest number of plants was required for the variables number of fruits per plant and yield per plant. We conclude that the optimal number of papaya plants planted in the field is six plants per plot using three replications.

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