scholarly journals Optimal size of experimental plots of papaya trees using a modified maximum curvature method

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio dos Santos da Silva ◽  
Sebastião de Oliveira e Silva ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato ◽  
Orlando Melo Sampaio Filho ◽  
Gilmara de Melo Araújo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Internal Cavity ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
Uniformity Test ◽  
Experimental Plots

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the optimum plot size for the papaya crop by using the modified maximum curvature method under soil and climatic conditions of the Recôncavo Baiano. The experiment comprised a uniformity test using the CNPMF-L78 strain developed by Embrapa Mandioca and Fruticultura, planted at a spacing of 3 m x 2 m, with 16 central rows and 22 plants per row, totaling 352 plants and an area of 2,112 m2. The following parameters were evaluated: plant height and diameter; height of insertion of the first fruits; precocity; number of commercial fruits per plant; productivity; length, diameter, weight, firmness, internal cavity diameter, pulp thickness, and soluble fruit solids. Each plant was considered as a basic unit, with an area of 6 m2, thus making up 352 basic units whose adjacent units were combined to form 11 pre-established parcel arrangements with rectangular and row formats. The optimal plot size is seven plants perpendicular to the crop rows, that is, seven rows with one plant in each row, corresponding to the area of 42 m2, considering spacing of 3 m between rows and 2 m between papaya plants in the soil and climatic conditions of the Recôncavo Baiano.

scholarly journals Optimal experimental plot size for papaya cultivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio dos Santos da Silva ◽  
Sebastião de Oliveira e Silva ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato ◽  
Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo ◽  
Orlando Melo Sampaio Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Uniformity Test ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the optimal size of experimental plots for the evaluation of agronomic characteristics and fruit quality of papaya, by the linear model of plateau response, under soil and climatic conditions of the Recôncavo Baiano region, in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The experiment consisted of a uniformity test, with the papaya lineage L78, at 3×2 m spacing, in 16 rows with 22 plants, totaling 352 plants and 2,112 m2 useful area. Each plant was considered as a basic unit, and 11 forms of pre-established plots, with rectangular and row formats, were obtained. The agronomic characteristics and fruit quality were evaluated in the plots. Optimal plot size varied greatly among the variables related to agronomic characteristics, with a greater participation of the variable number of marketable fruit per plant at 14 months (16 basic units). The optimal plot size for the evaluation of the agronomic characteristics and fruit quality in papaya is eight experimental units, with 48 m2 area, at a spacing of 3 m between rows and 2 m between papaya plants.

scholarly journals Optimum Plot Size and Number of Replications with Short-day Onions for Yield, Seedstem Formation, Number of Doubles, and Incidence of Foliar Diseases

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Boyhan ◽  
David B. Langston ◽  
Albert C. Purvis ◽  
C. Randell Hill
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Southern Belle

Five different statistical methods were used to estimate optimum plot size and three different methods were used to estimate optimum number of replications with short-day onions (Allium cepa L.) for yield, seedstem formation (bolting), purple blotch and/or Stemphylium (PB/S), botrytis leaf blight (BLB), and bulb doubling with a basic plot size unit of 1.5 × 1.8 m (length × width). Methods included Bartlett's test for homogeneity of variance, computed lsd values, maximum curvature of coefficient of variation plotted against plot size, Hatheway's method for a true mean difference, and Cochran and Cox's method for detecting a percent mean difference. Bartlett's chi-square was better at determining optimum plot size with transformed count and percent data compared with yield data in these experiments. Optimum plot size for yield of five basic units (7.5 m length) and four replications is indicated using computed lsd values where the lsd is <5% of the average for that plot size, which was the case in both years of this study. Based on all the methods used for yield, a plot size of four to five basic units and three to five replications is appropriate. For seedstems using computed lsd values, an optimum plot size of four basic units (6 m length) and two replications is indicated. For PB/S two basic units (3 m length) plot size with four replications is indicated by computed lsd values. For BLB a plot size of four basic units (6 m length) and three replications is optimum based on computed lsd values. Optimum plot size and number of replications for estimating bulb doubling was four basic units (6 m length) and two replications with `Southern Belle', a cultivar with a high incidence of doubling using computed lsd values. With `Sweet Vidalia', a cultivar with low incidence of bulb doubling, a plot size of four basic units (6 m length) and five replications is recommended by computed lsd values. Visualizing maximum curvature between coefficient of variation and plot size suggests plot sizes of seven to eight basic units (10.5 to 12 m length) for yield, 10 basic units (15 m length) for seedstems, five basic units (7.5 m length) for PB/S and BLB, five basic units (7.5 m length) for `Southern Belle' doubling, and 10 basic units (15 m length) for `Sweet Vidalia' doubling. A number of plot size-replication combinations were optimum for the parameters tested with Hatheway's and Cochran and Cox's methods. Cochran and Cox's method generally indicated a smaller plot size and number of replications compared to Hatheway's method regardless of the parameter under consideration. Overall, both Hatheway's method and computed lsd values appear to give reasonable results regardless of data (i.e., yield, seedstems, diseases etc.) Finally, it should be noted that the size of the initial basic unit will have a strong influence on the appropriate plot size.

scholarly journals Experimental plot size of passion fruit

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glaucia Amorim Faria ◽  
Beatriz Garcia Lopes ◽  
Ana Patrícia Bastos Peixoto ◽  
Antonio Flávio Arruda Ferreira ◽  
Kátia Luciene Maltoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Experimental Planning ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Practical Matter ◽  
Uniformity Test ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Barnyard Manure

Abstract The determination of the plot size is a practical matter pertinent to the experimental planning, and its optimal characterization allows to obtain higher precision and better quality in the results. Therefore, in this study, the main goal was to determine the plot size in experiments of passion fruit in two uniformity tests with Passiflora setacea and Passiflora alata. The experiment was constituted of a substrate at planting with 3 thirds of soil and 1 of barnyard manure. The soil was fertilizer with 3 kg of simple superphosphate and 0.5 kg of KCl by 1m³. Each species of Passiflora was considered a uniformity test with 40 basic units (BU). The evaluations of the experiments were done on 60 days after the transplant, noticing the tree’s height, stem’s diameter, number of leaves, number of buds, number of meristems and chlorophyll. Several plot sizes were simulated, in which each plant was first considered as a basic unit up to 40 plants per unit basic. For the estimation of optimum plot size, the maximum modified curvature method was used. The plot sizes varied with the specie, founding values as three to seven BU for Passiflora setacea and four BU to five for Passiflora alata.

scholarly journals Optimal plot size for experimentation of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the northern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Bruno Vinícius Castro Guimarães ◽  
Abner José De Carvalho ◽  
Ignacio Aspiazú ◽  
Liliane Santana da Silva ◽  
Rafael Rogério Pereira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
Experimental Plots

The objective was to evaluate the minimum size of experimental plots for the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using the modified maximum curvature method. The experiment consisted of a uniformity trial with the cultivar BRSFC-402 sown at a spacing of 0.5 m between plant rows and 10 plants per meter within the row. 20 central rows measuring 20 m in length were considered for measurements, totaling 4,000 plants on an area of 200 m2. Final bean stand (FS), mean number of pods per plant (NPP), mean number of grain per pod (NGP), mean 100-grain weight (M100), and grain yield (kg ha-1) were evaluated. At evaluations, each row with 10 plants was considered a basic unit (0.5 m2), amounting to 400 basic units whose dimensions were combined into 14 plot shapes.  The methods of relative information and modified maximum curvature were used to obtain the best shape and the most appropriate plot size, respectively, for experimental evaluation with common bean. Using these methods, and considering that the optimum plot should enable an efficient evaluation of all evaluated characteristics, the appropriate plot size was five UB (25 plants) in the format with five rows x one UB per row. Highlights Support for experimental evaluation of common beans under edaphoclimatic conditions in the northern region of Minas Gerais Experimental plots with five basic units ensure maximum precision for joint evaluation of the main phenotypic descriptors of common beans. The characteristics mass of 100 grains and productivity were associated with the smallest and the largest plot sizes, respectively.

scholarly journals Estimation of optimum experimental plot size for taro culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willerson Custódio da Silva ◽  
Mário Puiatti ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cecon ◽  
Leandro Roberto de Macedo ◽  
Tocio Sediyama
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature

ABSTRACT: Taro is a tropical tuberous vegetable that produces cormels of high nutritional and energetic value. In recent years, its cultivation has expanded, creating the need for more research. However, the experimental plot size interferes directly with the precision of the experiment.Literature describes several methods for establishing the optimum experimental plot size. The objective of the current research was to estimate the optimal experimental plot size for taro culture, utilizing the Modified Maximum Curvature Method. The field experiment was conducted in the vegetable garden of the Departamentode Fitotecnia of Universidade Federal de Viçosa, from September 2011 to June 2012, with Japanese taro. Twenty-two rows with 20 plants each were planted, at 1.0×0.3 m spacing, considering the 20 central rows with 18 plants each as useful area, totaling 360 plants. Each plant corresponded to a basic unit (BU). Once the possible clusters were made, 23 different plot sizes were formed. At harvest, the fresh mass characteristics of large, medium, and marketable cormels were evaluated. The optimum plot sizes were: 8.77 BU for marketable cormels; 14.75 BU for large cormels, and 13.37 BU for medium cormels. Among the plot sizes estimated in this study, the aim was to improve precision of experiments performed with taro, plots formed by 15 BU that corresponded to a 4.5 m2 area are recommended.

scholarly journals Size and form of plots for the culture of the Italian pumpkin in plastic greenhouse

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Machado Mello ◽  
Alessandro Dal'Col Lúcio ◽  
Lindolfo Storck ◽  
Leandro Homrich Lorentz ◽  
Ricardo Howes Carpes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Experimental Planning ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
Proper Size ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
The Ideal

Quality control is the guaranty that experimental error is kept under acceptable levels, and the definition of the proper size and form of experimental plots ensures acurate experimental planning. This paper aims to determine the proper plot size and shape for the culture of the Italian pumpkin in protected environments. Two experiments were set in plastic green house in distinct crop seasons: either Summer-Fall or Winter-Spring season. The experiment comprised eight, 23-m long lines with 20 plants each, and fruit weight was considered the main performance parameter. Estimates of best plots size and shape were obtained by the maximum curvature, variance comparison and Hatheway methods. The plot size and shape varied according to the season and the ideal size and shape, according to the maximum curvature and Hatheway methods, to the Summer-Fall and Winter-Spring seasons, were eight plants (4 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> 2 plot) and four plants (2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> 2 plot), respectively.

scholarly journals Methods for Estimating Optimum Plot Size for ‘Gigante’ Cactus Pear

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno V. C. Guimarães ◽  
Sérgio L. R. Donato ◽  
Ignacio Aspiazú ◽  
Alcinei M. Azevedo ◽  
Abner J. de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Practical Feasibility

The optimum plot size for &lsquo;Gigante&rsquo; cactus pear can be estimated by several methods; thus, ultimately aiming for efficiency, simple use and high precision, the objective of this study was to compare methods for estimating plot sizes: modified maximum curvature method, Hatheway&rsquo;s convenient plot size method, linear and quadratic response plateau models, and comparison of variances method for evaluating phenotypic characteristics in experiments with &lsquo;Gigante&rsquo; cactus pear. Plot sizes were estimated by conducting a uniformity trial. Estimated optimum plot sizes varied with the method and vegetative characteristic. The quadratic response plateau regression estimated the largest plot sizes, whereas Hatheway&rsquo;s method estimated the smallest plot sizes. Comparison of variances method estimated intermediate plot sizes in comparison with the other methods for most measured characteristics. Plots sizes estimated by modified maximum curvature method are more consistent with results reported by studies on &lsquo;Gigante&rsquo; cactus pear. 10 basic unit plot sizes estimated by the linear response plateau model can be used with high precision and practical feasibility for growing cactus pear, thereby improving the use of resources.

scholarly journals Plot size and experimental unit relationship in exploratory experiments

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio José Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Lindolfo Storck ◽  
Sidinei José Lopes ◽  
Alessandro Dal'Col Lúcio ◽  
Sandra Feijó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature

Quality of field experiments data dependent upon adequate experimental design. This study investigated the relationship between the size of the basic unit for exploratory experiments and the optimum plot size, and the experiment precision with potato crop. Tuber yield of 24 rows, 144 mounds, were used to arrange experimental units of one, two, three, four, six, eight and 12 mounds. Tuber yield data of different mounds were used to arrange plot sizes with different numbers of basic units. The model CV(x)=A/X B was adjusted, in which CV(x) was the coefficient of variation among plots with different numbers of basic units. Optimum plot size was estimated with the modified maximum curvature method of the function CV(x)=A/X B, allowing completely random design. Experimental precision was estimated though the Hatheway method for different experimental arrangements. Based upon the modification of the maximum curvature method, for a fixed total experimental area, experimental unit size of potato initial experiments affects optimum plot size estimations with the same experimental precision and variable number of treatments.

scholarly journals PLOT SIZE FOR EVALUATION OF AGRONOMIC AND SENSORIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ARABICA COFFEE

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Rogério Carvalho GUARÇONI ◽  
Fabiano Tristão ALIXANDRE ◽  
Douglas Gonzaga SOUSA ◽  
Lucas Louzada PEREIRA ◽  
Dério BRIOSCHI JUNIOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Coffee Cultivation ◽  
Experimental Plots

Coffee cultivation is of great socioeconomic importance for the Espírito Santo State, generating, in addition to direct and indirect jobs, financial resources. According to the first survey of the 2019 crop of CONAB, it is expected a production between 12.5 to 14.7 million of benefited bags. Research on coffee cultivation has contributed to the development of new technologies, but the size of plots for experiments with coffee is variable and based mostly on the researcher's experience. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the optimal sizes of experimental plots to evaluate the pre-harvest, production and sensory characteristics of arabica coffee. The modeling applied in this study allows concluding that according to the data tested, it is possible to recommend the optimum size of experimental plots for arabica coffee, for these edaphoclimatic conditions and variety. The conclusions are as follows: it is recommended to use seven or more arabica coffee plants to evaluate the pre-harvest and harvest characteristics (plant height, plant diameter, vigor, and wet mass), and use, at least, seven plants of arabica coffee to evaluate sensory characteristics (fragrance, flavor, aftertaste, acidity, body, uniformity, balance, clean cup, sweetness, overall, and total score).

scholarly journals Sea-ice induced growth decline in Arctic shrubs

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 20170122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Forchhammer
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Negative Effect

Measures of increased tundra plant productivity have been associated with the accelerating retreat of the Arctic sea-ice. Emerging studies document opposite effects, advocating for a more complex relationship between the shrinking sea-ice and terrestrial plant productivity. I introduce an autoregressive plant growth model integrating effects of biological and climatic conditions for analysing individual ring-width growth time series. Using 128 specimens of Salix arctica , S. glauca and Betula nana sampled across Greenland to Svalbard, an overall negative effect of the retreating June sea-ice extent was found on the annual growth. The negative effect of the retreating June sea-ice was observed for younger individuals with large annual growth allocations and with little or no trade-off between previous and current year's growth.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document