scholarly journals Methods for Estimating Optimum Plot Size for ‘Gigante’ Cactus Pear

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno V. C. Guimarães ◽  
Sérgio L. R. Donato ◽  
Ignacio Aspiazú ◽  
Alcinei M. Azevedo ◽  
Abner J. de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Practical Feasibility

The optimum plot size for ‘Gigante’ cactus pear can be estimated by several methods; thus, ultimately aiming for efficiency, simple use and high precision, the objective of this study was to compare methods for estimating plot sizes: modified maximum curvature method, Hatheway’s convenient plot size method, linear and quadratic response plateau models, and comparison of variances method for evaluating phenotypic characteristics in experiments with ‘Gigante’ cactus pear. Plot sizes were estimated by conducting a uniformity trial. Estimated optimum plot sizes varied with the method and vegetative characteristic. The quadratic response plateau regression estimated the largest plot sizes, whereas Hatheway’s method estimated the smallest plot sizes. Comparison of variances method estimated intermediate plot sizes in comparison with the other methods for most measured characteristics. Plots sizes estimated by modified maximum curvature method are more consistent with results reported by studies on ‘Gigante’ cactus pear. 10 basic unit plot sizes estimated by the linear response plateau model can be used with high precision and practical feasibility for growing cactus pear, thereby improving the use of resources.

scholarly journals Rice bran as a substitute for soy protein and erythorbate in chicken nuggets

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-516
Author(s):  
Ruth dos Santos da Veiga ◽  
◽  
Daneysa Lahis Kalschne ◽  
Rosana Aparecida da Silva-Buzanello ◽  
Éder Lisandro de Moraes Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Chicken Nuggets ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Uniformity Trials

The aim of this work was to compare three methods of estimating the optimal plot size for evaluating fresh matter in the IPR91-Baili and IPR92-Altar cultivars of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Sixteen uniformity trials (blank experiments) were conducted, eight with the IPR91-Baili cultivar and eight with the IPR92-Altar cultivar. The trials were carried out at eight different sowing times. The fresh matter was evaluated in 576 basic experimental units (BEU), each 1 m × 1 m in size (36 BEU per trial). The optimal plot size was determined using the method of modified maximum curvature, the linear response plateau model and the quadratic response plateau model. The optimal plot size differs between methods, and decreases in the following order: quadratic response plateau model, linear response plateau model and modified maximum curvature. The optimal plot size for evaluating fresh matter in the IPR91-Baili and IPR92-Altar cultivars of buckwheat is 7.60 m2. This size can be used as a reference for future experiments with buckwheat.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR ESTIMATING THE OPTIMUM PLOT SIZE FOR PEARL MILLET, SLENDER LEAF RATTLEBOX, AND SHOWY RATTLEBOX

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
ALBERTO CARGNELUTTI FILHO ◽  
MARCOS VINÍCIUS LOREGIAN ◽  
VALÉRIA ESCAIO BUBANS ◽  
FELIPE MANFIO SOMAVILLA ◽  
SAMANTA LUIZA DA COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Uniformity Trials ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare three methods of estimating the optimum plot size to evaluate the fresh matter productivity of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), slender leaf rattlebox (Crotalaria ochroleuca), and showy rattlebox (Crotalaria spectabilis). Twenty-seven uniformity trials were carried out with pearl millet, slender leaf rattlebox, and showy rattlebox cultivated alone and intercropped. Fresh matter productivity was evaluated in 972 basic experimental units (BEU) of 1 m × 1 m (36 BEU per trial). The optimum plot size was determined using the methods modified maximum curvature, linear response with plateau model, and quadratic response with plateau model. The optimum plot size differs between methods and decreases in the following order: quadratic response with plateau model (9.94 m2), linear response with plateau model (7.41 m2), and modified maximum curvature (3.49 m2). The optimum plot size to evaluate the fresh matter productivity of pearl millet, slender leaf rattlebox, and showy rattlebox cultivated alone or intercropped is 7.41 m2. This size could be used as a reference for future experiments.

scholarly journals Plot Size by the Variance Comparison Method for With ‘Gigante’ Cactus Pear

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Bruno V. C. Guimarães ◽  
Sérgio L. R. Donato ◽  
Ignacio Aspiazú ◽  
Alcinei M. Azevedo ◽  
Abner J. de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Experimental Accuracy ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Assessment ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Plot Design

Appropriate plot size is recognized as a means of maximizing experimental accuracy and contributes to efficient treatment assessment. This study aimed to estimate the optimal plot size for experiments with ‘Gigante’ cactus pears using the comparison of variances method (CVM). A uniformity trial was conducted to assess plant height (PH), number of cladodes (NC), yield (Y), cladode area index (CAI), cladode length (CL), width (CW), thickness (CT) and cladode area (CA) in a cactus pear crop. A rectangular-shaped plot consisting of 10 rows of 50 plants each was used, totaling 500 plants, with 384 basic units (BU), corresponding to the study area. A hierarchical classification approach was adopted, simulating a split-plot design in which each plant was denominated a basic unit (BU), and considering the effects of blocks (B), plots (P)/B, subplots (S)/P/B, rows (R)/S/P/B and plants (Pln)/F/S/P/B. This resulted in five plots sizes, consisting of 1, 12, 24, 48 and 96 basic units. Plots with 12, 24, 48 and 96 BU were statistically equal for the variables Y, PH, NC, CAI, CL, CW and CT, with lower variances than the plot with 1 BU. As such, 4.8 m² with 12 basic units is the optimal experimental plot size for ‘Gigante’ cactus pears.

scholarly journals Optimum Plot Size and Number of Replications with Short-day Onions for Yield, Seedstem Formation, Number of Doubles, and Incidence of Foliar Diseases

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Boyhan ◽  
David B. Langston ◽  
Albert C. Purvis ◽  
C. Randell Hill
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Southern Belle

Five different statistical methods were used to estimate optimum plot size and three different methods were used to estimate optimum number of replications with short-day onions (Allium cepa L.) for yield, seedstem formation (bolting), purple blotch and/or Stemphylium (PB/S), botrytis leaf blight (BLB), and bulb doubling with a basic plot size unit of 1.5 × 1.8 m (length × width). Methods included Bartlett's test for homogeneity of variance, computed lsd values, maximum curvature of coefficient of variation plotted against plot size, Hatheway's method for a true mean difference, and Cochran and Cox's method for detecting a percent mean difference. Bartlett's chi-square was better at determining optimum plot size with transformed count and percent data compared with yield data in these experiments. Optimum plot size for yield of five basic units (7.5 m length) and four replications is indicated using computed lsd values where the lsd is <5% of the average for that plot size, which was the case in both years of this study. Based on all the methods used for yield, a plot size of four to five basic units and three to five replications is appropriate. For seedstems using computed lsd values, an optimum plot size of four basic units (6 m length) and two replications is indicated. For PB/S two basic units (3 m length) plot size with four replications is indicated by computed lsd values. For BLB a plot size of four basic units (6 m length) and three replications is optimum based on computed lsd values. Optimum plot size and number of replications for estimating bulb doubling was four basic units (6 m length) and two replications with `Southern Belle', a cultivar with a high incidence of doubling using computed lsd values. With `Sweet Vidalia', a cultivar with low incidence of bulb doubling, a plot size of four basic units (6 m length) and five replications is recommended by computed lsd values. Visualizing maximum curvature between coefficient of variation and plot size suggests plot sizes of seven to eight basic units (10.5 to 12 m length) for yield, 10 basic units (15 m length) for seedstems, five basic units (7.5 m length) for PB/S and BLB, five basic units (7.5 m length) for `Southern Belle' doubling, and 10 basic units (15 m length) for `Sweet Vidalia' doubling. A number of plot size-replication combinations were optimum for the parameters tested with Hatheway's and Cochran and Cox's methods. Cochran and Cox's method generally indicated a smaller plot size and number of replications compared to Hatheway's method regardless of the parameter under consideration. Overall, both Hatheway's method and computed lsd values appear to give reasonable results regardless of data (i.e., yield, seedstems, diseases etc.) Finally, it should be noted that the size of the initial basic unit will have a strong influence on the appropriate plot size.

scholarly journals Estimation of optimum experimental plot size for taro culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willerson Custódio da Silva ◽  
Mário Puiatti ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cecon ◽  
Leandro Roberto de Macedo ◽  
Tocio Sediyama
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature

ABSTRACT: Taro is a tropical tuberous vegetable that produces cormels of high nutritional and energetic value. In recent years, its cultivation has expanded, creating the need for more research. However, the experimental plot size interferes directly with the precision of the experiment.Literature describes several methods for establishing the optimum experimental plot size. The objective of the current research was to estimate the optimal experimental plot size for taro culture, utilizing the Modified Maximum Curvature Method. The field experiment was conducted in the vegetable garden of the Departamentode Fitotecnia of Universidade Federal de Viçosa, from September 2011 to June 2012, with Japanese taro. Twenty-two rows with 20 plants each were planted, at 1.0×0.3 m spacing, considering the 20 central rows with 18 plants each as useful area, totaling 360 plants. Each plant corresponded to a basic unit (BU). Once the possible clusters were made, 23 different plot sizes were formed. At harvest, the fresh mass characteristics of large, medium, and marketable cormels were evaluated. The optimum plot sizes were: 8.77 BU for marketable cormels; 14.75 BU for large cormels, and 13.37 BU for medium cormels. Among the plot sizes estimated in this study, the aim was to improve precision of experiments performed with taro, plots formed by 15 BU that corresponded to a 4.5 m2 area are recommended.

scholarly journals Plot size and experimental unit relationship in exploratory experiments

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio José Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Lindolfo Storck ◽  
Sidinei José Lopes ◽  
Alessandro Dal'Col Lúcio ◽  
Sandra Feijó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature

Quality of field experiments data dependent upon adequate experimental design. This study investigated the relationship between the size of the basic unit for exploratory experiments and the optimum plot size, and the experiment precision with potato crop. Tuber yield of 24 rows, 144 mounds, were used to arrange experimental units of one, two, three, four, six, eight and 12 mounds. Tuber yield data of different mounds were used to arrange plot sizes with different numbers of basic units. The model CV(x)=A/X B was adjusted, in which CV(x) was the coefficient of variation among plots with different numbers of basic units. Optimum plot size was estimated with the modified maximum curvature method of the function CV(x)=A/X B, allowing completely random design. Experimental precision was estimated though the Hatheway method for different experimental arrangements. Based upon the modification of the maximum curvature method, for a fixed total experimental area, experimental unit size of potato initial experiments affects optimum plot size estimations with the same experimental precision and variable number of treatments.

scholarly journals Optimal size of experimental plots of papaya trees using a modified maximum curvature method

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio dos Santos da Silva ◽  
Sebastião de Oliveira e Silva ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato ◽  
Orlando Melo Sampaio Filho ◽  
Gilmara de Melo Araújo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Internal Cavity ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
Uniformity Test ◽  
Experimental Plots

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the optimum plot size for the papaya crop by using the modified maximum curvature method under soil and climatic conditions of the Recôncavo Baiano. The experiment comprised a uniformity test using the CNPMF-L78 strain developed by Embrapa Mandioca and Fruticultura, planted at a spacing of 3 m x 2 m, with 16 central rows and 22 plants per row, totaling 352 plants and an area of 2,112 m2. The following parameters were evaluated: plant height and diameter; height of insertion of the first fruits; precocity; number of commercial fruits per plant; productivity; length, diameter, weight, firmness, internal cavity diameter, pulp thickness, and soluble fruit solids. Each plant was considered as a basic unit, with an area of 6 m2, thus making up 352 basic units whose adjacent units were combined to form 11 pre-established parcel arrangements with rectangular and row formats. The optimal plot size is seven plants perpendicular to the crop rows, that is, seven rows with one plant in each row, corresponding to the area of 42 m2, considering spacing of 3 m between rows and 2 m between papaya plants in the soil and climatic conditions of the Recôncavo Baiano.

An investigation into palatability as a factor responsible for reduced intake of silage by sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Buchanan-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Linear Manner ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour

ABSTRACTTo separate ingestive factors involving palatability from post-ingestive factors responsible for forage intake being depressed by ensiling, silages were evaluated using sham-fed animals. Protocol for all experiments was to formulate low dry matter (DM) silages from a high DM lucerne silage reconstituted with either water, solutions containing constituents commonly found in silage, or extracts of low DM silage. Solutions of silage constituents were adjusted before reconstitution to a pH typical of silage. Tests were performed by offering silages one at a time once daily to oesophageal fistulated sheep, maintained on lucerne hay, but starved for 5 h prior to the test. Intake was measured over 30 min. Sheep were adapted to intermediate levels of each test ingredient(s) before experiments were done to evaluate effects of four to five levels of each ingredient using Latin-square designs. Animals were sham fed during both periods of adaptation and of testing ingredient levels. Mean of 30-min intakes for control silages was 573 g DM. Lactic and acetic acids added together, to levels of 53·2 and 35·4 g/kg, respectively, enhanced intake with a linear response due to level (P < 0·05). Acetic acid added by itself to 88·0 g/kg depressed intake with a linear response due to level (P < 0·05) in which 10 g/kg added acetic acid depressed 30-min intake by 13·5 g. Acetic and butyric acids added together to levels of 36·2 and 54·4 g/kg respectively, were without effect as was ammonia added to 3·8 g/kg as ammonia nitrogen (N). A mixture of free amino acids added to a level of 9·2 g amino-N per kg was without effect, but at a level of 13·8 g/kg, intake was depressed to proportionately 0·75 of the control. A mixture of two amines and gamma amino butyric acid added to a level of 4·6 g N per kg caused a quadratic response (P < 005) in which intermediate levels enhanced intake but the highest level was without effect. An extract from good-quality silage had no effect on intake and that from a poor-quality silage enhanced intake in a linear manner (P < 0·05). These data indicate that elevation of acetic acid in silage without increases in amounts of other constituents decreased intake of silage through an effect on palatability. This conclusion modifies interpretation on the significance of palatability, determined from studies of ingestive behaviour of ruminants, as a factor to explain reduced intake of sheep given silage.

scholarly journals Basic experimental unit and plot sizes for fresh matter of sunn hemp

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani Facco ◽  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho ◽  
André Lavezo ◽  
Denison Esequiel Schabarum ◽  
Gabriela Görgen Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Evaluation Period ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Sowing Season ◽  
Uniformity Trials

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to verify the influence of the basic experimental unit (BEU) size in the estimation of the optimum plot size to evaluate the fresh matter of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) using the modified maximum curvature method. The fresh matter of sunn hemp was evaluated in uniformity trials in two sowing season in flowering. In each sowing season, 4,608 BEUs of 0.5×0.5m (0.25m2) were evaluated and 36 BEU plans were formed with sizes from 0.25 to 16m2. In each evaluation period for each BEU plan, using fresh matter data, optimum plot size was estimated through the modified maximum curvature method. Estimation of the optimum plot size depends on the BEU size. Assessing fresh matter in BEUs that are as small as possible is recommended in order to use it to estimate the optimum plot size.

scholarly journals Plot size for evaluation of Arabica coffee yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e42712
Author(s):  
Bráulio Fabiano Xavier de Moraes ◽  
Fernando Henrique Ribeiro Barroso Toledo ◽  
Kaio Olímpio das Graças Dias ◽  
Vinícius Teixeira Andrade ◽  
Daniel Furtado Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Resampling Methods ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Coffee Yield ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Set Up

In most cases, in genetic breeding of Arabica coffee, plot size is defined in an empirical manner. It is often based only on the experience of the breeders and the availability of resources, potentially leading to a reduction in precision. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the size of the experimental plot for evaluation of coffee yield. We evaluated two experiments for validation of cultivars with 12 treatments set up in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and plots composed of 50 plants. Each plant was considered as a basic unit. Estimates of ideal plot size were made by maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation, linear-plateau segmented model and by the resampling methods. We discussed the variations in the parameter estimates for different plot sizes. Divergence was seen among the plot sizes estimated by the different methodologies. Increasing the number of plants per plot led to a higher experimental precision to the point that the increase was no longer significant. The plot size recommended for evaluating coffee production is from seven to 19 plants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document