scholarly journals Biochar in sugar beet production and nutrition

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherin Prissila Sevilla Zelaya ◽  
Barbara Samartini Queiroz Alves ◽  
Fernando Colen ◽  
Leidivan Almeida Frazão ◽  
Regynaldo Arruda Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Agricultural Use

ABSTRACT: The biomass pyrolysis process may be an alternative for the agricultural use of sewage sludge. This study aimed to evaluate the use of of biochars from mixture of sewage sludge and sugarcane bagasse (BB, 1:1 relationship sewage sludge and sugarcane bagasse) on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) production and nutrition. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with five application rates of BB: 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% (v/v), and two additional treatments, biochar from sewage sludge (BS, application rate 5% (v/v)) and conventional treatment (CV) that received lime and mineral fertilizer. The treated soils were incubated for 45 days, after which, seedlings were cultivated for 55 days. Biochar produce from sewage sludge and sugarcane bagasse is an alternative technology to reduce the potential for contamination of sewage sludge and to incorporate more stable carbon forms in the soil. Although, biochar has increased soil fertility, fine roots and nutrient uptake efficiency by sugar beet plants, total dry matter yield was significantly lower than that obtained in conventional treatment.

Effect of sewage sludge and sugarcane bagasse biochar on soil properties and sugar beet production

Pedosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-582
Author(s):  
Barbara Samartini Queiroz ALVES ◽  
Katherin Prissila Sevilla ZELAYA ◽  
Fernando COLEN ◽  
Ledivan Almeida FRAZÃO ◽  
Alfredo NAPOLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Bagasse Biochar

Inoculant effects on the fermentation quality, chemical composition and saponin content of lucerne silage in a mixture with wheat bran or corn husk

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jipeng Tian ◽  
Risu Na ◽  
Zhu Yu ◽  
Zhongkuan Liu ◽  
Zhenyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Corn Husk ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
By Products

This study evaluated the effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculants on the fermentation quality and chemical composition of lucerne silage (A), a mixture of lucerne and wheat bran (A+WB), and a mixture of lucerne and corn husk (A+CH). The application rates of wheat bran in A+WB or corn husk in A+CH were 10%, 15%, and 20% of the whole fresh material. These different materials were treated with distilled water (Control), Lactobacillus plantarum 1 (LAB1), L. plantarum 2 (LAB2), L. plantarum 8 (LAB8) or a commercial inoculant (LALMAND) at a rate of 106 CFU/g of fresh forage. As the application rate of the by-products increased, the dry matter, lactate, propionate, and neutral detergent fibre (after heat-stable amylase treatment) contents increased, and the pH and the acetate, ammonia nitrogen, crude protein, and non-fibre carbohydrate contents decreased. The A+WB showed better fermentation quality than A and A+CH. The inoculants had beneficial effects on the silages, but the effects varied. The results indicate that the use of LAB1, LAB2, or LAB8 was better with A, whereas LALMAND was preferable for use with A+WB or A+CH. The saponin content decreased during ensiling and was positively correlated with the pH and the acetate and ammonia nitrogen content but negatively correlated with the dry matter content. The increase in the application rate of by-products and the addition of LALMAND further decreased the saponin content. Overall, the combined effects of the inoculants, by-products, and different application rates improved the fermentation quality and chemical composition and led to greater a reduction of saponin in lucerne silage, but the selection of suitable types and application rates of by-products and inoculants is essential.

scholarly journals The Effects of Nitrogen Source on Nutritive Value of Irrigated Silage Corn

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyfollah FALLAH ◽  
Solmaz NEISANI
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Broiler Litter ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Matter Production

Nitrogen is considered one of the most important nutrients affecting yield and quality of maize forage (Zea mays L.). A two-year field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of broiler litter and mineral fertilizer on dry matter production and silage quality of corn. The applied treatments were: unfertilized (control), 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 in the form of urea fertilizer (217, 434, and 651 kg urea ha-1, respectively) and 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 in the form of broiler litter (7142, 14284, and 21426 kg broiler litter ha-1, respectively). The present findings showed that Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations in forage corn were not affected by urea application; however, broiler litter application significantly increased Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations of corn stover in a linear trend. The broiler litter and urea fertilizer significantly increased both dry matter and protein content of forage corn but no significant differences on those components were obtained between broiler litter and urea fertilizer at each N application rate. The results suggested that N applied to forage corn by broiler litter, at the recommended rate for inorganic N fertilization, is almost more effective in terms of forage nutritive value response than urea fertilizer. The profitability of forage corn production could be enhanced by replacing chemical fertilizers with broiler litter.

Yield parameters of Beta beets as a basis to estimate the biogas yield

2014 ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Starke ◽  
Christa Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Rates

High biogas yields are expected from sugar beet because of its high root yield. But it has not been analysed yet, which varieties are best suited to reach the highest biogas yield. The study thus aimed at identifying a parameter to estimate the biogas yield of sugar beet. To get a broad variation of yields and beet qualities, field trials were conducted from 2008 to 2011 at 2 sites (Göttingen and Regensburg, Germany) with different sugar beet varieties and fodder beet. Different N application rates were included and furthermore, autumn sown beets (winter beet). Dry matter composition was analyzed, biogas yield and methane concentration were determined in batch experiments. Sugar beet reached root dry matter yields of more than 20tha–1 and thereby exceeded fodder beet. Moderate N application increased root dry matter yield, whereas higher N rates only enhanced the leaf dry matter yield. But most likely, leaves will not be considered for fermentation because of their low concentration of dry matter and organic dry matter. Winter beet reached total dry matter yields of 12tha–1, but dry matter was not as easily digestible as that of spring sown beets. Biogas yield showed a close linear relation to the root dry matter and the sugar yield as well. Sugar beet varieties can therefore be assessed for anaerobic digestion by their sugar yield. As sugar yield is already the main target, breeding for biogas beets will not be substantially different from that for beets used for sugar manufacture.

scholarly journals Potato Response to Polyhalite as a Potassium Source Fertilizer in Brazil: Yield and Quality

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone da Costa Mello ◽  
Francis J. Pierce ◽  
Rachel Tonhati ◽  
Guilherme Silva Almeida ◽  
Durval Dourado Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Potato Quality ◽  
Application Rates

Polyhalite (PH) is a hydrated sulfate evaporite mineral containing potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, nutrients all required in significant quantities by crops, but has limited evaluation as a fertilizer for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Fertilizer source and application rate field trials were conducted to evaluate PH as a fertilizer for potato production in the weathered tropical soils in Brazil. We selected two locations in the potato producing region of Southeast Brazil in 2015–16, one trial was conducted during the wet season at Tapira in São Paulo and the other during the winter season at Casa Branca in Minas Gerais. A common blend, 4–14–8, was made with either muriate of potash (MOP), sulfate of potash (SOP), or PH as the K source; with kieserite and gypsum added to the SOP to make a synthetic PH with similar composition; P either as single super phosphate (SSP) for the MOP blend or mono ammonium phosphate (MAP) for the PH and SOP blends; and N as urea adjusted for the N in MAP. All blends were applied at four application rates of 62, 125, 187, and 249 kg K/ha. A control was also included consisting of N and P as urea and MAP but no K, Ca, Mg, or S. Total and marketable yields as well as potato quality including dry matter, starch, soluble solids, hardness, and crunchiness were measured at harvest using standard techniques. At Tapira, potato yields increased linearly with increasing K application rate from 22.4 t·ha−1 for the control to the highest yield of 29.2 t·ha−1 and were higher for PH and SOP than MOP (28.8, 29.2, and 25.3 t·ha−1, respectively). At Casa Branca, yields increased from 31.5 t·ha−1 for the control to 42.4 kg·ha−1 at the 62 kg K/ha application rate with no further increases at higher rates and no differences among fertilizer blends at any application rate. Polyhalite blend increased dry matter and starch at the higher application rates compared with MOP and SOP at Tapira and increased potato hardness and crunchiness at the optimum 62 kg K/ha application rate at Casa Branca. Yield response was similar for PH and SOP but quality differences between these two fertilizer blends were observed even though they were similar in composition. Differences between PH and MOP may be related either to Cl or lack of Mg in the MOP blend. PH performed well as a fertilizer for potatoes as it produced equal or higher yields and provided benefits to potato quality when compared with MOP or SOP as a K source in a common fertilizer blend.

scholarly journals Influence of organic amendments on growth, yield and quality of wheat and on soil properties during transition to organic production

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopinath KA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Rates

A transition period of at least two years is required for annual crops before the produce may be certified as organically grown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the three organic amendments on yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and on soil properties during transition to organic production. The organic amendments were composted farmyard manure (FYMC), vermicompost and lantana (Lantana spp. L.) compost applied to soil at four application rates (60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1). The grain yield of wheat in all the treatments involving organic amendments was markedly lower (36-65 % and 23-54 % less in the first and second year of transition, respectively) compared with the mineral fertilizer treatment. For the organic treatments applied at equivalent N rates, grain yield was higher for FYMC treatment closely followed by vermicompost. In the first year of transition, protein content of wheat grain was higher (85.9 g kg-1) for mineral fertilizer treatment whereas in the second year, there were no significant differences among the mineral fertilizer treatment and the highest application rate (150 kg N ha-1) of three organic amendments. The grain P and K contents were, however, significantly higher for the treatments involving organic amendments than their mineral fertilizer counterpart in both years. Application of organic amendments, irrespective of source and rate, greatly lowered bulk density (1.14-1.25 Mg m-3), and enhanced pH (6.0-6.5) and oxidizable organic carbon (13-18.8 g kg-1) of soil compared with mineral fertilizer treatment after two-year transition period. Mineral fertilized plots, however, had higher levels of available N and P than plots with organic amendments. All the treatments involving organic amendments, particularly at higher application rates, enhanced soil microbial activities of dehydrogenase, -glucosidase, urease and phosphatase compared with the mineral fertilizer and unamended check treatments. We conclude that the application rate of 120 and 150 kg N ha-1 of all the three sources of organic amendments improved soil properties. There was, however, a 23-65% reduction in wheat yield during the two years of transition to organic production.

scholarly journals Potato Tuber Yield and Quality Under Different Potassium Application Rates and Forms in West Siberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Yakimenko ◽  
Natalia B. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Potassium Application

Abstract Potato cultivars have different strategies for dealing with potassium (K) deficiency in soil, and their response to different forms and rates of K fertilisation may vary because of differences in soil K availability. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of K fertilisation rates (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg K/ha) on tuber yield and quality (dry matter, starch, sugar and ascorbic acid content, taste) of two potato cultivars (Roco and Rosara) grown in the microplot field experiment on Luvisol in the forest-steppe zone in southern West Siberia, Russia (NL 54.422106, EL 83.160257). The tuber yield of both potato cultivars increased with increase in K application rate up to 2.1 and 2.9 kg/m2 for Roco and Rosara, respectively. Sugar content, averaging 3.5%, was mostly determined by cultivar; however, in both cultivars it tended to decrease with increasing K application rate. The application of K fertiliser in the form of sulphate as compared to chloride increased dry matter content from 22.4 to 23.8% and ascorbic acid content from 13.2 to 14.6 mg/100 g fresh mass. Starch content of potato tubers averaged 59.7 ± 4.8% over all K fertilisation variants, with cultivar responses being different. Potassium application rate did not affect Roco tubers’ taste, while improving Rosara tubers’ taste under moderate application rates. The results underscore the importance to adjust fertiliser recommendations concerning potassium application rates and source on the basis of biological requirements and intended utilization of individual potato cultivars

scholarly journals Response of two Brachiaria species to swine manure application rates: effect on biomass yield, nutritive quality and acceptability by WAD sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
V. O. Ojo ◽  
T. A. Adeyemi ◽  
A. I. Adewuyi ◽  
T. R. Akinyemi ◽  
G. A. Akinade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Gas Volume

Rising inorganic fertilizer prices have led to return to the use of organic nutrient sources to reduce cost and improve pasture productivity. The present study determined the response of Brachiaria ruziziensis and Brachiaria mulato II to swine manure application rates: effect on biomass yield, nutritive quality and acceptability by WAD sheep. The experiment was a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement laid out as a split-plot design with three swine manure application -1rates (0, 5, 10 t ha ) as the main plot and two Brachiaria species (B. ruziziensis and B. mulato II) as the sub-plot replicated three times. Growth parameters were determined at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing, while dry matter yield was determined at 8 weeks after sowing. Chemical composition and in vitro gas production of the harvested grass samples were conducted and the acceptability of the forage material by WAD sheep was also determined. Results showed that B. ruziziensis was morphologically taller than B. mulato II at all weeks of growth. The heights of the plants significantly (P < 0.05) increased with increasing manure application rate at all weeks of growth. A significantly (P < 0.05) higher dry matter yield was recorded for -1B. ruziziensis than in B. mulato (6.24 vs. 4.16 t ha ). Dry matter yield of the plants increased as the rate of manure application increased. The crude protein content of both grasses increased significantly (P<0.05) as the level of manure inclusion increased. The highest significant (P<0.05) (14.00 ml/200mg DM) gas volume produced was recorded for B. -1ruziziensis fertilized with 10 t ha of manure while the least gas volume (7.50 ml/200mg DM) was recorded for B. mulato unfertilized at 24 hours of incubation. Brachiaria ruziziensis -1fertilized with 5 t ha of swine manure was most preferred by the sheep. In conclusion, herbage yield increased as the swine manure application rate increased, also chemical composition and acceptability by sheep was higher in B. ruzuziensis than with B. mulato II.

scholarly journals Agricultural potential of an industrial sewage sludge in compliance with CONAMA Resolution no. 375/2006

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Rodrigues Dias Machado ◽  
Isabel Cristina de Barros Trannin
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
The City ◽  
Industrial Sewage ◽  
Industrial Sewage Sludge

The agricultural use of sewage sludge is one of the best alternatives to disposal because of its potential as a plant fertilizer and soil conditioner. However, to be safe for agricultural use, the sewage sludge must be evaluated according to its physical, chemical, and biological properties and its origin. In Brazil, NBR 10.004/2004 is the standard that determines the classification of solid waste, and CONAMA Resolution 375/2006 defines the criteria for the agricultural use of sewage sludge. This study evaluated the agricultural potential of an aerobically digested industrial sewage sludge from the Serramar Dairy Cooperative in the city of Guaratinguetá, São Paulo. This sludge was classified as Class IIA waste according to NBR 10.004/2004 and displayed potential for agricultural use by falling within the limits in terms for heavy metals and pathogenic organisms established by Resolution 375/2006 as well as containing high levels of nutrients. To establish the sludge doses allowed for application to crops such as maize (annual) and Eucalyptus sp. (perennial) by the resolution, the amount of nitrogen available in the sludge and the amounts of this nutrient required by these crops were considered. The recommended sewage sludge doses for corn (8 Mg ha- 1) and Eucalyptus sp. forestation (6 Mg ha- 1) can meet the nitrogen and phosphorus needs of these crops but require supplementation with potassium mineral fertilizer.

Evaluation of Makarikari grasses - potential production, nitrogen content and nitrogen recovery of two cultivars fertilized with urea

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (66) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Application ◽  
Spring Ephemerals ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Application Rate ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
N Use

Makarikari grass (Panicum coloratum var. makarikariense) cvs, 04634 and Bambatsi were fertilized with eight rates of urea (0-900 kg N ha-1 yr-1) under irrigation on a red earth at Toowoomba, and cut either 8-weekly or at full flower. Dry matter (D.M.) production increased linearly with N applications up to 450 kg ha-1 for both cultivars. Due to differences in growth rhythm between cultivars, 04634 produced higher total yields cut at full flower (29500 kg ha-1 yr-1) than at 8-weekly intervals (23100 kg ha-1 yr-1), whereas Bambatsi yielded similarly (23000 kg ha-1 yr-1) for the two cutting frequencies. Lower tissue N concentrations occurred at full flower than in 8-week growth for both cultivars (Q4634 -0.85 per cent to 1.08 per cent; Bambatsi-1.39 per cent to 1.55 per cent at 450 kg N ha-1). The N uptake by 04634 was the same for both cutting frequencies, but lower in Bambatsi cut at full flower. The association between N application rate, tissue N concentration and N uptake is outlined. The maximum efficiencies of both N use for D.M. production and per cent N recovery for 04634 and Bambatsi (55 and 35 kg D.M. per kg N applied; 40 and 60 per cent N recovery, respectively) were comparable with published values for other species. Increasing N application rates decreased the efficiency of D.M. production of both cultivars, decreased the per cent N recovery of Bambatsi, but had no effect on the per cent N recovery of 04634. In an extension of the Bambatsi study, the intrusion of spring ephemerals, mainly Bromus unioloides, did not reduce total D.M. production greatly and distributed it better through the growing season. Productivity of Bambatsi during mid-summer was not affected by prior weed competition in the spring.

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