scholarly journals Potato Response to Polyhalite as a Potassium Source Fertilizer in Brazil: Yield and Quality

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone da Costa Mello ◽  
Francis J. Pierce ◽  
Rachel Tonhati ◽  
Guilherme Silva Almeida ◽  
Durval Dourado Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Potato Quality ◽  
Application Rates

Polyhalite (PH) is a hydrated sulfate evaporite mineral containing potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, nutrients all required in significant quantities by crops, but has limited evaluation as a fertilizer for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Fertilizer source and application rate field trials were conducted to evaluate PH as a fertilizer for potato production in the weathered tropical soils in Brazil. We selected two locations in the potato producing region of Southeast Brazil in 2015–16, one trial was conducted during the wet season at Tapira in São Paulo and the other during the winter season at Casa Branca in Minas Gerais. A common blend, 4–14–8, was made with either muriate of potash (MOP), sulfate of potash (SOP), or PH as the K source; with kieserite and gypsum added to the SOP to make a synthetic PH with similar composition; P either as single super phosphate (SSP) for the MOP blend or mono ammonium phosphate (MAP) for the PH and SOP blends; and N as urea adjusted for the N in MAP. All blends were applied at four application rates of 62, 125, 187, and 249 kg K/ha. A control was also included consisting of N and P as urea and MAP but no K, Ca, Mg, or S. Total and marketable yields as well as potato quality including dry matter, starch, soluble solids, hardness, and crunchiness were measured at harvest using standard techniques. At Tapira, potato yields increased linearly with increasing K application rate from 22.4 t·ha−1 for the control to the highest yield of 29.2 t·ha−1 and were higher for PH and SOP than MOP (28.8, 29.2, and 25.3 t·ha−1, respectively). At Casa Branca, yields increased from 31.5 t·ha−1 for the control to 42.4 kg·ha−1 at the 62 kg K/ha application rate with no further increases at higher rates and no differences among fertilizer blends at any application rate. Polyhalite blend increased dry matter and starch at the higher application rates compared with MOP and SOP at Tapira and increased potato hardness and crunchiness at the optimum 62 kg K/ha application rate at Casa Branca. Yield response was similar for PH and SOP but quality differences between these two fertilizer blends were observed even though they were similar in composition. Differences between PH and MOP may be related either to Cl or lack of Mg in the MOP blend. PH performed well as a fertilizer for potatoes as it produced equal or higher yields and provided benefits to potato quality when compared with MOP or SOP as a K source in a common fertilizer blend.

scholarly journals Can Superabsorbent Polymers Improve Plants Production in Arid Regions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohsen Jahan ◽  
Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
General Question ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymers ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Grassland Plants ◽  
The Mean

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) have shown to be quite effective and useful in acting as a reservoir for water and some nutrients in arid and semiarid regions. There are many studies in Iran that have been performed in relation to SAPs and their useful application in agriculture; however, there is still a lack of its applied definition in arid regions. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of doing a meta-analysis of the results of studies conducted in Iran and answering a general question about whether the application of SAPs has been effective in enhancing the production or not, and if so, how much of SAP is recommended. To conduct this research, articles published during 2006–2016 on the subject of the effects of different rates of SAP application on yield and yield components of crops (including cereals, legumes, and medicinal and grassland plants) were investigated. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the mean consumption rate of SAPs for cereals, legumes, and medicinal and grassland plants was 83, 322, 1031, and 210 kg ha−1, respectively, and that, at these SAP application rates, the mean seed yield in cereals, medicinal plants, and legumes increased by 15.2, 12.6, and 38% (equivalent to 1059, 345, and 452 kg ha−1), respectively, compared with the control. Dry matter response to superabsorbent application was slower compared with the seed yield response. The mean consumption of 83 kg ha−1 of superabsorbent for cereals increased seed yield by 15.2% on average. According to the results, it seems that the application of 100 kg SAP ha−1 is the most appropriate rate for increasing seed and dry matter yields and satisfying economic aspects. These study findings may shed light on the environment and socioeconomic concerns and improve efficacy and reduction of costs.

Inoculant effects on the fermentation quality, chemical composition and saponin content of lucerne silage in a mixture with wheat bran or corn husk

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jipeng Tian ◽  
Risu Na ◽  
Zhu Yu ◽  
Zhongkuan Liu ◽  
Zhenyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Corn Husk ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
By Products

This study evaluated the effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculants on the fermentation quality and chemical composition of lucerne silage (A), a mixture of lucerne and wheat bran (A+WB), and a mixture of lucerne and corn husk (A+CH). The application rates of wheat bran in A+WB or corn husk in A+CH were 10%, 15%, and 20% of the whole fresh material. These different materials were treated with distilled water (Control), Lactobacillus plantarum 1 (LAB1), L. plantarum 2 (LAB2), L. plantarum 8 (LAB8) or a commercial inoculant (LALMAND) at a rate of 106 CFU/g of fresh forage. As the application rate of the by-products increased, the dry matter, lactate, propionate, and neutral detergent fibre (after heat-stable amylase treatment) contents increased, and the pH and the acetate, ammonia nitrogen, crude protein, and non-fibre carbohydrate contents decreased. The A+WB showed better fermentation quality than A and A+CH. The inoculants had beneficial effects on the silages, but the effects varied. The results indicate that the use of LAB1, LAB2, or LAB8 was better with A, whereas LALMAND was preferable for use with A+WB or A+CH. The saponin content decreased during ensiling and was positively correlated with the pH and the acetate and ammonia nitrogen content but negatively correlated with the dry matter content. The increase in the application rate of by-products and the addition of LALMAND further decreased the saponin content. Overall, the combined effects of the inoculants, by-products, and different application rates improved the fermentation quality and chemical composition and led to greater a reduction of saponin in lucerne silage, but the selection of suitable types and application rates of by-products and inoculants is essential.

scholarly journals Carrot Yield, Quality, and Storability in Relation to Preplant and Residual Nitrogen on Mineral and Organic Soils

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Westerveld ◽  
Mary Ruth McDonald ◽  
Alan W. McKeown
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
N Management

The Nutrient Management Act (NMA) established in the province of Ontario in 2002 has prompted a re-evaluation of nitrogen (N) management practices. However, N management research in Ontario is currently outdated. The experiment in this 3-year study was designed to establish the yield response of carrot (Daucus carota) to N fertilization on mineral and organic soils and identify the relative yield effects of preplant and residual soil N. In 2002, N was applied at 0%, 50%, 100%, 150%, and 200% of recommended N application rates in Ontario as ammonium nitrate (organic soil: 60 kg·ha-1 preplant; mineral soil: 110 kg·ha-1 split 66% preplant/33% sidedress). Experimental units were split in half in 2003 and 2004, and N was applied to one half in 2003 and both halves in 2004 to identify the effects of residual N from the previous season on yield. Crop stand, yield, and quality were assessed at harvest, and storability was assessed by placing carrots into cold storage for 6 months. Nitrogen application rate had no effect on the yield, quality, or storability of carrots grown on organic soil. On mineral soil there were no effects of applied N in the first year of the 3-year study. In the second and third year on mineral soil, yield increased in response to increasing N, up to 200% and 91% of the recommended application rate, respectively, based on the regression equations. Yield declined above 91% of the recommended application rate in the third year due to a decrease in stand at higher N application rates. There were no effects of N on carrot quality or storability on mineral soil. On mineral soil, residual N from the 2002 season had more effect on yield at harvest in 2003 than N applied in 2003. This major effect of residual soil N on yield provides an explanation for the lack of yield response to preplant N application in previous studies conducted in temperate regions. These results indicate that there is no single N recommendation that is appropriate for all years on mineral soil. Assessing the availability of N from the soil at different depths at seeding is recommended to determine the need for N application.

scholarly journals Biochar in sugar beet production and nutrition

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherin Prissila Sevilla Zelaya ◽  
Barbara Samartini Queiroz Alves ◽  
Fernando Colen ◽  
Leidivan Almeida Frazão ◽  
Regynaldo Arruda Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Agricultural Use

ABSTRACT: The biomass pyrolysis process may be an alternative for the agricultural use of sewage sludge. This study aimed to evaluate the use of of biochars from mixture of sewage sludge and sugarcane bagasse (BB, 1:1 relationship sewage sludge and sugarcane bagasse) on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) production and nutrition. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with five application rates of BB: 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% (v/v), and two additional treatments, biochar from sewage sludge (BS, application rate 5% (v/v)) and conventional treatment (CV) that received lime and mineral fertilizer. The treated soils were incubated for 45 days, after which, seedlings were cultivated for 55 days. Biochar produce from sewage sludge and sugarcane bagasse is an alternative technology to reduce the potential for contamination of sewage sludge and to incorporate more stable carbon forms in the soil. Although, biochar has increased soil fertility, fine roots and nutrient uptake efficiency by sugar beet plants, total dry matter yield was significantly lower than that obtained in conventional treatment.

Dry matter production by a subtropical grass (Makarikari grass) grown in association with a temperate annual legume (barrel medic) and nitrogen fertilizer in southern Queensland

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Lloyd ◽  
TB Hilder
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Cutting Experiment

The effects of a temperate annual legume, barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) cv. Cyprus, and five levels of fertilizer nitrogen (N), from 0 to 400 kg/ha.year, on the dry matter (DM) production and N economy of Makarikari grass (Panicum coloratum var. makarikariense) cv. Pollock, were investigated in a cutting experiment between 1973 and 1979. Each year, N fertilizer on grass alone increased both DM production and N uptake, up to N application rates of 200 and 400 kg/ha.year respectively. The mean annual effect of medic was to increase DM production and N uptake of associated grass each year by 90 and 130% respectively, and of the grass-medic system by 230 and 530%, respectively, for fertilizer rates between 0 and 100 kg N/ha.year. The increased DM production of associated grass occurred in summer and autumn; grass DM production was suppressed in spring, probably by competition with the medic. A trend for the DM yield of grass grown without medic to decline with time was most evident in the treatment without N fertilizer; in the comparable grass-medic pasture, grass DM production was as great in the sixth year as in the first. Medic DM yield varied with winter season rainfall. When the study concluded, the amount of N in the soil (0-10 cm depth) was higher after grassmedic than grass alone, except at the highest level of N fertilizer application. It was estimated that medic had fixed about 71 kg N/ha.year.

scholarly journals Commercial Snap Bean Response to Fertilization with Broiler Litter

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Brown ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Ronald L. Shumack ◽  
Daniel W. Porch
Keyword(s):  
Application Rate ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Commercial Fertilizer ◽  
Broiler Litter ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Application Rates

Commercial snap bean (Phaseolus vulguris L.) yields in spring were similar when comparing a commercial fertilizer standard based on soil test recommendations to three application rates of broiler litter. Snap bean yields in the fall were higher on plots that received spring-applied broiler litter than on those receiving the commercial fertilizer standard in the fall. Increasing the application rate of broiler litter generally resulted in a linear yield response during both seasons.

The effect ofSitona discoideusGyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on lucerne yields in New Zealand

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Goldson ◽  
C. B. Dyson ◽  
J. R. Proffitt ◽  
E. R. Frampton ◽  
J. A. Logan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of injury by larvae and adults ofSitona discoideusGyllenhal on lucerne production was studied in two consecutive seasons at two adjacent sites near Christchurch, New Zealand. The root-feeding larvae were found to be more damaging than the adults; in the first cut in the 1982–83 season in a three-year-old stand, larvae reduced dry matter yield by 18%. In the wetter following season in a one-year-old stand, second and third cut losses of 43 and 30% dry matter production, respectively, were recorded. In both seasons, the lucerne had apparently substantially recovered from larval damage by the time of the last cuts. In the drier 1982–83 season, two cuts were taken compared with four in the 1983–84 season. Adult feeding was found to reduce second cut wet yields by 20–30% in the 1982–83 season but had no measurable effect in the 1983–84 season. In both seasons, manipulated ranges of larval densities showed that damage appeared only when larval populations were in excess of a distinct larval population density threshold. At larval densities less than this threshold, yield was unaffected; above the threshold, yield losses were independent of larval density. Such a yield response curve was found to be adequately described mathematically by a simple arctan model; this approach allowed the threshold to be further defined and overall estimates to be made of the yield losses arising from larval damage. The threshold occurred at about 1200 larvae/m2in the dry season and about 2100 larvae/m2in the wet season. This suggested moisture sensitivity and the possibility that the crop may enter a damage-induced dormancy related to that observed during a severe drought.

scholarly journals Potato Tuber Yield and Quality Under Different Potassium Application Rates and Forms in West Siberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Yakimenko ◽  
Natalia B. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Potassium Application

Abstract Potato cultivars have different strategies for dealing with potassium (K) deficiency in soil, and their response to different forms and rates of K fertilisation may vary because of differences in soil K availability. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of K fertilisation rates (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg K/ha) on tuber yield and quality (dry matter, starch, sugar and ascorbic acid content, taste) of two potato cultivars (Roco and Rosara) grown in the microplot field experiment on Luvisol in the forest-steppe zone in southern West Siberia, Russia (NL 54.422106, EL 83.160257). The tuber yield of both potato cultivars increased with increase in K application rate up to 2.1 and 2.9 kg/m2 for Roco and Rosara, respectively. Sugar content, averaging 3.5%, was mostly determined by cultivar; however, in both cultivars it tended to decrease with increasing K application rate. The application of K fertiliser in the form of sulphate as compared to chloride increased dry matter content from 22.4 to 23.8% and ascorbic acid content from 13.2 to 14.6 mg/100 g fresh mass. Starch content of potato tubers averaged 59.7 ± 4.8% over all K fertilisation variants, with cultivar responses being different. Potassium application rate did not affect Roco tubers’ taste, while improving Rosara tubers’ taste under moderate application rates. The results underscore the importance to adjust fertiliser recommendations concerning potassium application rates and source on the basis of biological requirements and intended utilization of individual potato cultivars

scholarly journals Response of two Brachiaria species to swine manure application rates: effect on biomass yield, nutritive quality and acceptability by WAD sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
V. O. Ojo ◽  
T. A. Adeyemi ◽  
A. I. Adewuyi ◽  
T. R. Akinyemi ◽  
G. A. Akinade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Gas Volume

Rising inorganic fertilizer prices have led to return to the use of organic nutrient sources to reduce cost and improve pasture productivity. The present study determined the response of Brachiaria ruziziensis and Brachiaria mulato II to swine manure application rates: effect on biomass yield, nutritive quality and acceptability by WAD sheep. The experiment was a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement laid out as a split-plot design with three swine manure application -1rates (0, 5, 10 t ha ) as the main plot and two Brachiaria species (B. ruziziensis and B. mulato II) as the sub-plot replicated three times. Growth parameters were determined at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing, while dry matter yield was determined at 8 weeks after sowing. Chemical composition and in vitro gas production of the harvested grass samples were conducted and the acceptability of the forage material by WAD sheep was also determined. Results showed that B. ruziziensis was morphologically taller than B. mulato II at all weeks of growth. The heights of the plants significantly (P < 0.05) increased with increasing manure application rate at all weeks of growth. A significantly (P < 0.05) higher dry matter yield was recorded for -1B. ruziziensis than in B. mulato (6.24 vs. 4.16 t ha ). Dry matter yield of the plants increased as the rate of manure application increased. The crude protein content of both grasses increased significantly (P<0.05) as the level of manure inclusion increased. The highest significant (P<0.05) (14.00 ml/200mg DM) gas volume produced was recorded for B. -1ruziziensis fertilized with 10 t ha of manure while the least gas volume (7.50 ml/200mg DM) was recorded for B. mulato unfertilized at 24 hours of incubation. Brachiaria ruziziensis -1fertilized with 5 t ha of swine manure was most preferred by the sheep. In conclusion, herbage yield increased as the swine manure application rate increased, also chemical composition and acceptability by sheep was higher in B. ruzuziensis than with B. mulato II.

Effect of Organic Additives of Okra Cultivated in Unheated Greenhouses on Certain Fruit Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
Aman Hameed Jaber ◽  
Abdullah Abdul Aziz Abdullah ◽  
Dhia Ahmed Taain
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Significant Difference

The experiment conducted during the winter season 2017-2018 in one of the unheated greenhouse in the Research Station of the Faculty of Agriculture collage - All Muthanna University in the south of Iraq inAll Samawah city, in order to study the "Effect of addition cows fertilizer , Water hyacinth compost and spray nanoparticle algae minutes and there impact on some qualities of okra fruits (Hasnawiya cultivar)". The experiment was contain (27) factor treatments and separated in possible combinations among three levels of bovine fertilizer (0, 2, 4) kg/m2and three levels of Water hyacinth compost (0, 2, 4) kg/m2and three concentrations of Organic fertilizer for marine algae nanoparticles extract (0, 0.75, 1.5) ml/L.The statistical design is split-split plot design and the experiment performed twice for three randomized sections and compared to the averages of the coefficients using the least significant difference test at the probability level (0.05). The main results are summarized as follows.1. The addition of bovine fertilizers in the levels of (2, 4) kg/m2the Significant increase in the percentage of total soluble solids for fruits, by an increase of (8.64, 7.08%) and dry matter of fruits by an increase (6.04, 9.78)%. Significant increase in fiber content (0.56 and 0.95%) compared to the comparison treatment, respectively, while the level of 4 kg/m2achieved significant increase in fruit content in vitamin C compared to the comparison treatment and an increase of 5.16%. 2. Levels (2 , 4) kg/m2Significant increase in percentage of total dissolved solids Vitamin C increased by 24.85, 42.23% by 20.02 and 27.00% by the percentage of dry matter and by 9.91 and 12.81%, which led to a significant decrease in fiber percentage by 6.28 and 11.78% Comparative treatment, respectively.3. Spraying with nanoparticle algae minutes in two concentrations (0.75 and 1.5) ml/l significantly increased the percentage of total dissolved solids by (27.13, 53.87)% and in the amount of vitamin C by (24.05 and 50.01%) and in percentage. The dry matter of the fruit increased by 5.90 and 12.36%, which resulted in a significant decrease in the percentage of fiber by 3.74 and 1.85% compared to the comparison treatment, respectively.4. Some bilateral and triple interference showed significant effect in some studied traits.

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