Inoculant effects on the fermentation quality, chemical composition and saponin content of lucerne silage in a mixture with wheat bran or corn husk

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jipeng Tian ◽  
Risu Na ◽  
Zhu Yu ◽  
Zhongkuan Liu ◽  
Zhenyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Corn Husk ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
By Products

This study evaluated the effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculants on the fermentation quality and chemical composition of lucerne silage (A), a mixture of lucerne and wheat bran (A+WB), and a mixture of lucerne and corn husk (A+CH). The application rates of wheat bran in A+WB or corn husk in A+CH were 10%, 15%, and 20% of the whole fresh material. These different materials were treated with distilled water (Control), Lactobacillus plantarum 1 (LAB1), L. plantarum 2 (LAB2), L. plantarum 8 (LAB8) or a commercial inoculant (LALMAND) at a rate of 106 CFU/g of fresh forage. As the application rate of the by-products increased, the dry matter, lactate, propionate, and neutral detergent fibre (after heat-stable amylase treatment) contents increased, and the pH and the acetate, ammonia nitrogen, crude protein, and non-fibre carbohydrate contents decreased. The A+WB showed better fermentation quality than A and A+CH. The inoculants had beneficial effects on the silages, but the effects varied. The results indicate that the use of LAB1, LAB2, or LAB8 was better with A, whereas LALMAND was preferable for use with A+WB or A+CH. The saponin content decreased during ensiling and was positively correlated with the pH and the acetate and ammonia nitrogen content but negatively correlated with the dry matter content. The increase in the application rate of by-products and the addition of LALMAND further decreased the saponin content. Overall, the combined effects of the inoculants, by-products, and different application rates improved the fermentation quality and chemical composition and led to greater a reduction of saponin in lucerne silage, but the selection of suitable types and application rates of by-products and inoculants is essential.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of silage made from by-products of cassava starch extraction and viticulture

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-415
Author(s):  
C.R. Schneider ◽  
M.A. Zambom ◽  
D. Galhardo ◽  
A. Faccenda ◽  
A.S. Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
By Products

This study evaluated silages made with varying proportions of viticulture by-products (VC) and starch extraction from cassava (CSE). It attempted to determine the effects of these proportions on the microbial population, fermentative losses, and chemical composition. The treatments were specified as the proportions of VC in the silage (0 g/kg, 250 g/kg, 500 g/kg, 750 g/kg, and 1000 g/kg). Silages were  evaluated before (0) and after 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of ensiling. The experimental design was completely randomized with five  treatments, six storage times and four replications. The increased level of VC in the silage enhanced its dry matter content, ammonia  nitrogen (NH3-N), and buffering capacity, and reduced organic matter content. Fifteen days after ensiling, additional VC increased the concentration of soluble carbohydrates. The increased level of VC decreased the count of Clostridium spp. and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The incidence of yeasts and enterobacteria was low in all treatments at all time points. Over time, losses as effluent and gases increased. Use of increasing proportions from VC in silage made with CSE increased the contents of dry matter and soluble carbohydrates and  reduced the fermentative losses of the silage. The increased amount of VC also favoured pH reduction and reduced the proliferation of undesirable yeasts, while increasing the population of LAB.

scholarly journals Fermentative Quality and Animal Acceptability of Ensiled Persimmon Skin with Absorbents for Practical Use in Ruminant Feed

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Shimaa Abdelazeem ◽  
Ken-ichi Takeda ◽  
Kazuhiro Kurosu ◽  
Yutaka Uyeno
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Ruminant Feed

Persimmon skin (PS), while representing an attractive feed source, requires an appropriate preservation procedure to increase its shelf life. We assessed the fermentation quality, in vitro ruminal incubation, and intake of persimmon skin silage ensiled with different dry absorbents. We prepared the silage on a table scale (Experiment 1) and evaluated five different mixtures: PS without an additive, PS plus Lactobacillus buchneri inoculum (LB), and PS plus LB plus each of the absorbents kraft pulp, wheat bran, or beet pulp. We opened the laboratory bags, kept at 25 °C, at 0, 14, 28, and 60 days for fermentation quality and chemical analysis (n = 3 for each measurement). Further, with an in vitro rumen simulated cultivation study (Experiment 2), we evaluated the fermentation pattern of PS with a mixture of two absorbents (kraft pulp and wheat bran) either raw (no fermentation) or ensiled (n = 4 for each treatment). Finally, we conducted an in vivo experiment using six dry ewes assigned based on their body weight to two experimental groups in a crossover design of two periods (Experiment 3). We fed a control group a 100% basal diet (tall fescue hay and concentrate mixture) and ensiled PS (PSS) group, a 20% dry matter substitution of tall fescue with PS silage mixed with kraft pulp as the sole absorbent. The results of Experiment 1 show, regardless of the absorbents used, the effluent volume of the lab bags was lower in absorbent-treated groups (p < 0.001). In Experiment 2, the condition of the PS with absorbents (raw or ensiled) did not affect the total gas production (p > 0.05), but we observed an increased propionate proportion in PSS with absorbents compared to basal diet (p = 0.019). The proportion of methane to the total gas in PSS group was considerably reduced compared with that in the other groups (p < 0.001). As we did this incubation study with a single run, a more detailed evaluation in the future would verify these observations. In the animal trial (Experiment 3), dry matter intake was similar between groups (p > 0.05), but ewes spent a shorter time eating in the PSS-fed group (p = 0.011). Here we present the practical use of PSS as part of ruminant feed in which dry absorbents prevented dry matter loss.

scholarly journals Utilization of a novel feedstuff: effects of additives on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of tetraploid black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) silage

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Dong ◽  
Junfeng Li ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Siran Wang ◽  
Tao Shao
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Tetraploid Black Locust

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of additives on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of tetraploid black locust (TBL). The TBL leaves silage was either untreated (control) or treated with 1 × 106 cfu/g FM Lactobacillus plantarum (L), 1% glucose (G), 3% molasses (M), a combination of 1% glucose and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+G), or a combination of 3% molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+M). Fermentation quality, chemical composition and nutrient digestibility were then analyzed. Ethanol and acetic acid concentrations were the dominant fermentation products in all silages except L+M silage. The L, G and L+G treatments failed to influence the fermentation. The M treatment increased (P<0.05) the lactic acid concentration and lowered (P<0.05) the pH when compared with control silage. The best fermentation properties were observed in L+M silage, as indicated by the dominance of lactic acid over ethanol in fermentation products. The M and L+M silages exhibited higher (P<0.05) dry matter, and M silage showed higher residual water-soluble carbohydrates than the control. Ensiling increased (P<0.05) the in vitro dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber degradability of TBL. Among the silages, M silage had the highest levels of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber degradability. The obtained results suggested that application of lactic acid bacteria together with 3% molasses could be an effective strategy to prevent the occurrence of ethanol fermentation and improve fermentation quality of TBL silage; addition of fermentable sugars to TBL improves nutrient availability to ruminants.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF THE INCORPORATION OF REJECTS OF CASHEW NUTKERNELS IN SOWFEED ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 794-798
Author(s):  
Yao Koffisylvanus Aubert ◽  
◽  
Brou Gboko Konan Gatien ◽  
Kadjo Vincent ◽  
Kimse Moussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Large White ◽  
Food Ration ◽  
Lipid Contents ◽  
Set Up ◽  
By Products

In order to obtain more and more resistantpigletsduring lactation, thisexperimentwas set up. Its objective was to assess the quality of the milkproduced by the sowafter the use of new agricultural by-products in the feeding of lactatingsows.Thus, downgradedalmondswereintroducedinto the diets.Three types wereformulated and tested on threeseparate lots of 10 sows [(Large White x Pietrain) X (Landrace x Duroc)] each.Thesedietsconsisted of 0, 6 and 9% downgradedalmonds. Releases of cashew kernels in the food ration had no significanteffect on the dry matter, protein content of colostrum 1, 2, 3 and milk.In contrast, the use of 9% cashew kernelrejectssignificantlyincreased (P <0.05) the proportions of lipid in colostrums and in milk.The lipid contents increased by 1.07% 1.01% 1.05% and 1.10% respectively for colostrums 1, 2, 3 and milk. Thesehigherlipid proportions couldincrease the organicenergylevel of piglets and makethem more resistant to microbialattack.

scholarly journals Biochar in sugar beet production and nutrition

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherin Prissila Sevilla Zelaya ◽  
Barbara Samartini Queiroz Alves ◽  
Fernando Colen ◽  
Leidivan Almeida Frazão ◽  
Regynaldo Arruda Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Agricultural Use

ABSTRACT: The biomass pyrolysis process may be an alternative for the agricultural use of sewage sludge. This study aimed to evaluate the use of of biochars from mixture of sewage sludge and sugarcane bagasse (BB, 1:1 relationship sewage sludge and sugarcane bagasse) on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) production and nutrition. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with five application rates of BB: 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% (v/v), and two additional treatments, biochar from sewage sludge (BS, application rate 5% (v/v)) and conventional treatment (CV) that received lime and mineral fertilizer. The treated soils were incubated for 45 days, after which, seedlings were cultivated for 55 days. Biochar produce from sewage sludge and sugarcane bagasse is an alternative technology to reduce the potential for contamination of sewage sludge and to incorporate more stable carbon forms in the soil. Although, biochar has increased soil fertility, fine roots and nutrient uptake efficiency by sugar beet plants, total dry matter yield was significantly lower than that obtained in conventional treatment.

scholarly journals Potato Response to Polyhalite as a Potassium Source Fertilizer in Brazil: Yield and Quality

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone da Costa Mello ◽  
Francis J. Pierce ◽  
Rachel Tonhati ◽  
Guilherme Silva Almeida ◽  
Durval Dourado Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Potato Quality ◽  
Application Rates

Polyhalite (PH) is a hydrated sulfate evaporite mineral containing potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, nutrients all required in significant quantities by crops, but has limited evaluation as a fertilizer for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Fertilizer source and application rate field trials were conducted to evaluate PH as a fertilizer for potato production in the weathered tropical soils in Brazil. We selected two locations in the potato producing region of Southeast Brazil in 2015–16, one trial was conducted during the wet season at Tapira in São Paulo and the other during the winter season at Casa Branca in Minas Gerais. A common blend, 4–14–8, was made with either muriate of potash (MOP), sulfate of potash (SOP), or PH as the K source; with kieserite and gypsum added to the SOP to make a synthetic PH with similar composition; P either as single super phosphate (SSP) for the MOP blend or mono ammonium phosphate (MAP) for the PH and SOP blends; and N as urea adjusted for the N in MAP. All blends were applied at four application rates of 62, 125, 187, and 249 kg K/ha. A control was also included consisting of N and P as urea and MAP but no K, Ca, Mg, or S. Total and marketable yields as well as potato quality including dry matter, starch, soluble solids, hardness, and crunchiness were measured at harvest using standard techniques. At Tapira, potato yields increased linearly with increasing K application rate from 22.4 t·ha−1 for the control to the highest yield of 29.2 t·ha−1 and were higher for PH and SOP than MOP (28.8, 29.2, and 25.3 t·ha−1, respectively). At Casa Branca, yields increased from 31.5 t·ha−1 for the control to 42.4 kg·ha−1 at the 62 kg K/ha application rate with no further increases at higher rates and no differences among fertilizer blends at any application rate. Polyhalite blend increased dry matter and starch at the higher application rates compared with MOP and SOP at Tapira and increased potato hardness and crunchiness at the optimum 62 kg K/ha application rate at Casa Branca. Yield response was similar for PH and SOP but quality differences between these two fertilizer blends were observed even though they were similar in composition. Differences between PH and MOP may be related either to Cl or lack of Mg in the MOP blend. PH performed well as a fertilizer for potatoes as it produced equal or higher yields and provided benefits to potato quality when compared with MOP or SOP as a K source in a common fertilizer blend.

Chemical composition, dry matter and protein degradability coefficients of pistachio hulls silage treated with urea and molasses

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 164-164
Author(s):  
P. Vahmani ◽  
A.A. Nasserian ◽  
R. Valizadeh ◽  
J. Arshami ◽  
H. Nasirimoghadam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Pistachio Nuts ◽  
By Products ◽  
Protein Degradability

Pistachio hulls are pistachio processing by-products produced during de-hulling of pistachio nuts soon after harvesting. Total pistachio by-products in Iran have been increased at an average rate of about 300000 Tons per year. Chemical composition of Pistachio hulls contained 12%CP, 5%EE, 34% NDF, 21% ADF, and 9% ash (DM basis). The dry matter content of fresh Pistachio hulls is about 28%. Reducing the moisture content of this by-product with dryer systems is a cost effective process and can not be applied by most of the producers. Finding other alternative methods for preserving and using this by-product is highly required. The objective of the present study was to assess changes in Pistachio hulls silage (PHS) quality associated with the inclusion of different levels of urea (U) and molasses (M), and to compare in situ DM and protein degradability of PHS with dried pistachio hulls (DPH).

scholarly journals Variation for in vivo digestibility in two maize hybrid silages

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
R. Loučka ◽  
Y. Tyrolová ◽  
F. Jančík ◽  
P. Kubelková ◽  
P. Homolka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility

The experiment was aimed at confirming that silages made of two very similar hybrids could have different in vivo digestibility, primarily amylase-treated neutral detergent fibre digestibility (aNDFD), which could strongly influence the result of the calculation of energy value of fodder. Both the stay-green whole-plant types were grown at the same locality during two years and harvested at the same days at two-thirds milk line maturity. In the two subsequent years, silages without preservatives were made of both hybrids tested. All silages were fermented for 90 days. The in vivo digestibility of silages was measured in digestion trials with six sheep. All silages had good fermentation quality, and no differences in that regard were found between hybrids or years (P &gt; 0.05). Hybrid had stronger effect than year on all indicators of chemical composition and digestibility of nutrients other than dry matter (DM). Hybrid significantly affected all indicators measuring chemical composition and digestibility of nutrients other than DM (P = 0.18). The aNDFD was closely correlated with all other measures of nutrients digestibility (P &lt; 0.01). The results confirm the importance of breeding hybrids and analyzing silages for aNDFD.

scholarly journals Effects of Adding Pre-Fermented Fluid Prepared from Red Clover or Lucerne on Fermentation Quality and in Vitro Digestibility of Red Clover and Lucerne Silages

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Lin Sun ◽  
Yun Jiang ◽  
Qinyin Ling ◽  
Na Na ◽  
Haiwen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Positive Effect

This study examined the effects of chopping or chopping + blender maceration of red clover or lucerne on pre-fermented juice (PFJ) and determined the effects of PFJs on the quality of red clover silage or lucerne silage. The PFJs from chopping red clover (PFJ-RC) or lucerne (PFJ-LC) had a higher lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count than that from chopping + blender maceration (p < 0.05) and were used as additives. Compared with the Control of both silages, adding PFJ increased LAB, lactic acid (LA), and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) (p < 0.05), while pH, acetic acid (AA), and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (NH3-N/TN) were decreased (p < 0.05). For red clover silages, the PFJ-RC treatment contained the greatest LAB and LA and the lowest pH and NH3-N/TN among treatments (p < 0.05); similar results were observed in PFJ-LC treatment for lucerne silages (p < 0.05). The IVDMD of both silages correlated negatively with pH, AA, and NH3-N/TN and positively with LA (p < 0.05). Overall, chopping alone was a better method for preparing PFJ. Adding PFJ at ensiling increased LA and decreased the pH, AA, and NH3-N/TN of both silages. Ensiling lucerne or red clover with PFJ from the ensiling material had a more positive effect on the fermentation parameters mentioned above. Satisfactory fermentation parameters detected in the present study contributed to improving the IVDMD of both silages.

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