scholarly journals Anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure and forage at two harvesting ages

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Dias de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Carolina Amorim Orrico ◽  
Brenda Kelly Viana Leite ◽  
Alice Watte Schwingel ◽  
Marco Antonio Previdelli Orrico Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Volatile Solids

ABSTRACT: The co-digestion of swine manure with vegetable waste is an alternative that can increase the production of biogas and methane generated by the isolated digestion of manure. However, recommendations that are based on the best ratio between manure and forage, as well as the age of harvest, are still scarce in the literature. This study was conducted to evaluate inclusions (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of the total solids (TS) of Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) harvested at two ages medium age (MA) at 45 days of growth and advanced age (AA) at 90 days in co-digestion with swine manure, using an entirely randomized design in a 5x2 factorial scheme. Batch digesters were used and biogas production was monitored for 12 weeks. There was influence of forage age (P <0.05) on the degradation of solids and neutral detergent fiber, with higher values for the substrates containing MA forage. The highest CH4 yields were obtained by the substrates containing MA forage in the inclusion of 27.7 and 31.6%, being 253.7 and 222.2 L of CH4 per Kg of total or volatile solids. The age of the forages influenced the onset and persistence of biogas production, being advantageous only in the inclusion of 25% of MA forage. The AA forage inclusion is not recommended for co-digestion with swine manure.

scholarly journals SILAGENS DE CAPIM-ELEFANTE E EMBAÚBA ADITIVADA COM PRODUTOS ALTERNATIVOS NA AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Betina Raquel Cunha dos Santos ◽  
Fábio Augusto Gomes ◽  
Lerner Arévalo Pinedo ◽  
Gerbson Francisco Nogueira Maia
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
Different Levels

Objetivou-se avaliar o padrão fermentativo e a bromatologia da silagem de capim- elefante cultivar Napier com as folhas de Embaúba na proporção de 50:50 aditivada com torta de semente de cupuaçu, cana-de-açúcar e fubá de milho em diferentes níveis. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições por tratamento. Foram testados os tratamentos (0%), (5%), (10%) e (15%) dos aditivos citados. O material foi ensilado em mini-silos de tubos de PVC por 45 dias para efetivação do processo fermentativo. Foram avaliados pH, matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro e ácido (FDN/FDA), hemicelulose (HEM) e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT). O pH da torta de semente de cupuaçu e do fubá de milho estão dentro da amplitude preconizada na literatura. Os aditivos proporcionaram maior percentual de MS e PB em todos os tratamentos, testando estes dentro dos limites considerados aceitáveis para um adequado processo fermentativo. FDN e FDA aumentaram linearmente à medida que aumentou a inclusão de torta de cupuaçu e fubá, porém permaneceram abaixo do limite considerado limitante ao consumo voluntário dos ruminantes e a digestibilidade. Os aditivos adicionados na forragem de capim-elefante com folhas de Embaúba melhoraram o valor nutritivo da silagem.Palavras-chave: composição bromatológica, Cecropia paphytachua, ensilagem, Pennisetum purpureum. ELEPHANT GRASS SILAGE AND EMBAÚBA WITH ADDED ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS IN THE WESTERN AMAZON  ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the fermentative pattern and the bromatological of the Elephant grass silage cultivar Napier with the Embaúba leaf’s in the proportion of 50:50, added with of cupuassu cake seed, sugarcane and corn meal at different levels. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with four replications per treatment. The treatments 0%, 5%, 10%) and 15% of the cited additives were tested. The ensiled material was in mini-silos of PVC pipes for 45 days to affect the fermentation process. pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber and acid (NDF/ FDA), hemicellulose (HEM) and total digestible nutrients (NDT) were evaluated. The pH of the cupuassu and maize meal are within the range recommended in the literature. The additives provided a higher percentage of DM and PB in all treatments, and these were within the limits considered acceptable for an adequate fermentation process. NDF and ADF increased linearly as the inclusion of cupuassu cake and corn meal increased, but remained below the limits considered limiting the voluntary consumption of ruminants and digestibility. The additives added in the elephant grass fodder with Embaúba leaves improved the nutritive value of the silage.Keywords: bromatological composition, Cecropia paphytachua, ensilage, Pennisetum purpureum. 

scholarly journals Effects of additives and their levels of inclusion on nutritive value of silage made from elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-362
Author(s):  
M. Baba ◽  
A. Nasir ◽  
A. Kabiru ◽  
M. V ◽  
G. A. Umar
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of three additives (molasses, cracked corn and corn-soybean) and inclusion levels (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 %) on nutritive value of elephant grass (Pennistum purpureum) silage. The experimental design was a 3×5 factorial in a completely randomized design with each treatment replicated three times. Samples were obtained from Pasture Museum. Elephant grass stands at late vegetative stage were randomly selected and harvested at 7 cm stubble height. Grass was chopped into 2-3 cm length. Five hundred gram of the sample was weighed in each case; additives were added separately at the designated inclusion levels and mixed thoroughly. Materials were then tightly packed into laboratory silos compressed and sealed tightly and left for a fermentation period of 21 days. The results indicated crude protein (CP) was significantly greater (10.92%) in silage treated with corn-soybean additive compared with other additives. Crude fiber (CF) was observed to be lower in molasses treated elephant grass silage (27.74 %). Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were both lower in molasses treated silage (24.76 and 43.26 % respectively). The CP was observed to increase with increased inclusion level of the additive while CF decreased. Values for digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI)as a percentage of body weight and relative feed value (RFV) were greater (P<0.05) in molasses treated silage compared to corn and corn-soybean. The DDM, DMI and RFV values were higher (P<0.05) at 7.5 and 10 % inclusion levels. Significant interactions were observed between additives and inclusion levels in most parameters measured. It was concluded that molasses additive could be used in elephant grass silage during ensiling at 7.5-10 % levels of inclusion.

scholarly journals Macauba palm cake as additive in elephant grass silage

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e47171
Author(s):  
Hugo Vinícius Lelis Silveira ◽  
Thiago Gomes dos Santos Braz ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽  
Márcia Vitória Santos ◽  
Jéssica Oliveira Gusmão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Ethereal Extract ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Extract Content

The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of macauba palm cake (Acrocomia aculeata) on the chemical composition, fermentation and aerobic stability of elephant grass silages (Pennisetum purpureum). The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The treatments were composed of six levels of macauba palm cake (0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30%) as additive to elephant grass silage. Dry matter and ethereal extract content of the silage increased linearly with the inclusion of the additive. Addition levels of 15.54% would provide 35% of dry mass, and the limit of 7.00% of ethereal extract in the silage could be obtained with 10.47%. The neutral detergent fiber content reduced linearly from 68.97 to 52.59%, but lignin increased linearly from 6.56 to 7.70%. There was a reduction of 0.17% in the ammoniacal nitrogen content for each 1% of cake. The minimum value of dry matter losses (1.33%) was estimated to the inclusion level of 23.70%. The aerobic stability increased with inclusions between 18 and 24% of cake. The use of levels between 10 and 15% of macauba palm cake are sufficient to optimize dry matter and ethereal extract contents of the silages and to provide a high aerobic stability with minimum losses.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pupuk Daun “Organik” terhadap Komposisi Kimiawi dan Kecernaan Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum CV. Hawaii)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Badat Muwakhid ◽  
Usman Ali
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design

ABSTRAK Pupuk cair yang memanfaatkan bahan organik seperti urin yang difermentasi dan zat pengatur tumbuh dapat memberikan tambahan unsur hara yang diperlukan rumput untuk tumbuh. Upaya perbaikan kualitas rumput gajah dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian pupuk daun “organik”, dengan memperhatikan dosis pemberiannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan dosis pemberian pupuk daun “organik” yang tepat untuk mendapatkan kualitas hijauan yang maksimal. Materi penelitian ini meliputi pupuk daun “organik” dan bibit rumput gajah dalam keadaan pols, dengan rata-rata panjang perpols adalah 10 cm. Penelitian menggunakan metode percobaan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan 5 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah P0 (kontrol), P1 (5% pupuk daun “organik”), P2 (10% pupuk daun “organik”) dan P3 (15% pupuk daun “organik”). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemberian dosis pupuk daun “organik” yang berbeda memperikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kandungan Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), selulosa, hemiselulosa, lignin, kecernaan in vitro bahan kering dan kecernaan in vitro bahan organik rumput gajah. Berdasarkan penelitian ini pemberian dosis 15% pupuk daun “organik” menunjukkan hasil yang paling baik.Kata kunci: komposisi kimiawi. pupuk daun organik, rumput gajah, , kecernaanABSTRACTLiquid fertilizers using organic ingredients such as bio urine can provide additional nutrients to optimize the grow of grass. Efforts to improve the quality of elephant grass can be done by providing this organic fertilizer by calculating the dosage given. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate dosage of “organic” leaf fertilizers to obtain maximum forage quality. The research material used were “organic” leaf fertilizers and elephant grass seedlings in a state of pols, with an average length of each pols is 10 cm. The research method is experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of 4 treatments and 5 repetitions. The treatments given in this study were P0 (control), P1 (5% “organic” leaf fertilizers), P2 (10% “organic” leaf fertilizers) and P3 (15% “organic” leaf fertilizers). The results of this study indicate that the implementation of different dosages of “organic” leaf fertilizers had significant effect (P <0.01) on the content of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, dry matter digestibility (in vitro) and organic matter digestibility (in vitro) of elephant grass. Based on this study, 15% dose of “organic” leaf fertilizers showed the best results.Keywords: chemical compounds, digestibility, elephant grass, organic leaf fertilizers

Grass size and butterfly pea inclusion modify the nutritional value of elephant grass silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maikon Figueredo Lemos ◽  
Alexandre Carneiro Leão de Mello ◽  
Adriana Guim ◽  
Márcio Vieira da Cunha ◽  
Pedro Henrique Ferreira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Butterfly Pea

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional value of silages from tall-sized and dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes, intercropped or not with butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea). The experiment was performed in randomized complete blocks, in a 4x2 factorial arrangement (four genotypes × two cropping systems). The genotypes intercropped or not with butterfly pea were: IRI-381 and Elephant B, tall sized; and Taiwan A-146 2.37 and Mott, dwarf. Forage was harvested 60 days after regrowth. In the silage from Mott grass intercropped with butterfly pea, lower contents of lignin (78.1 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (636.0 g kg-1), and neutral detergent insoluble protein (13.15 g kg-1), besides a greater dry matter recovery (873.3 g kg-1), were observed. The silage from Taiwan A-146 2.37 intercropped with the legume showed a greater crude protein content (136.1 g kg-1). In both silages, the ammonia nitrogen contents were quite reduced (26.4 g kg-1). However, greater residual water-soluble carbohydrate contents were observed in the silages from the intercrop (1.85 mg g-1) and from the Mott grass monocrop (1.51 mg g-1). Moreover, there was a lower in vitro dry matter digestibility (676.7 g kg-1) for the silage from the intercrop. Dwarf genotypes increase the nutritional value of elephant grass silage, compared with the tall-sized ones. Intercropping with butterfly pea improves silage fermentation characteristics, despite reducing its digestibility. Therefore, the ensilage of dwarf Mott elephant grass intercropped with butterfly pea shows more promising results.

scholarly journals Yield and nutritional value of BRS Capiaçu grass at different regrowth ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Pinto Monção ◽  
Marco Aurélio Moraes Soares Costa ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueria ◽  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The objective was to evaluate the productivity, chemical composition, ruminal degradability of dry matter and digestibility of BRS capiaçu grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) managed at five regrowth ages. A completely randomized design with ten replications was used in the BRS capiaçu elephant grass subjected to five cutting intervals (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days) in the summer, making a total of 50 plots with a useful area of 4 x 2 m. There were daily increases in the dry matter production in the order of 382 kg ha-1, with 49,859 kg ha-1 being produced at 150 regrowth days. The dry matter content and organic matter linearly increased (P < 0.01) at different regrowth ages. The crude protein content, in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber linearly reduced (P < 0.01) 0.037%, 0.196% and 0.256% per day, respectively. Potential degradability of dry matter decreased from 68.9% at 30 days to 44.7% at 150 regrowth days (0.194 percentage units per day). The rate of degradation of fraction B 'c' was not modified (P = 0.94), averaging 1.46% hour-1. In the cultivation of BRS capiaçu elephant grass in the summer season, in the northern region of Minas Gerais, the age for harvesting between 90 and 120 days of regrowth is recommended.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS PAKAN DAN NUTRISI SAPI PADA AREAL KELAPA MELALUI INTRODUKSI PENNISETUM PURPUREUM SCHUM CV. MOTT

Buletin Palma ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Paulus C. Paat ◽  
Jantje G. Kindangen
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum ◽  
Dwarf Elephant Grass

<p>Coconut plantation area in North Sulawesi is an ecological basis for cattle but lower in terms of productivity of feed d annutrients. This study aims to improve the productivity of feed and nutrient  for beef cattle development in the coconut palm plantation through the introduction of superior forage P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott. The study was conducted from July 2012 to January 2013, in the Ongkaw Village, South Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi. Coconut palms used in this study was 50 years-old tall coconuts with planting system of  9 m x 9 m at farmer plantation area. The research followed a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replications. The treatments tested were types of animal feed, which consists of (1). P. purpureum  Schum cv. Mott  (dwarf elephant grass),  Cynodon sp. (native grass), and P. purpureum (forage elephant grass). Planting systems of livestock forage are 20 cm x 20 cm, for Cynodon sp.  100 cm x 50 cm for  both  P. purpureum  Schum cv. Mott and P. purpureum. The first defoliation was done 70 days after planting, after that, the defoliation was done every 45 days. The result showed that the dry weight of animal feed/ha was 15.31 tons, 163.73   tons and 128.21 tons for Cynodon sp., P. purpureum  Schum cv. Mott and P. purpureum, respectively. Dry matter and nutrients of P. purpureum  Schum cv. Mott was higher than that of Cynodon sp. and P. purpureum. The result showed that the introduced P. purpureum  Schum cv. Mott significantly increased both animal feed production and feed nutrients in coconut plantation area as compared to the local forage crops (Cynodon sp. and P. purpureum). The P. purpureum  Schum cv. Mott can adapt to the shade of bearing coconut palms.</p><p>ABSTRAK </p><p>Lahan perkebunan kelapa di Sulawesi Utara merupakan basis ekologi sapi namun produktivitas dan nutrisi pakan rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan produktivitas pakan dan nutrisi untuk pengembangan sapi potong di lahan perkebunan kelapa, melalui   introduksi hijauan pakan ternak unggul Pennisetum purpureum Schum cv. Mott. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Juli 2012 sampai dengan Januari 2013 di Desa Ongkaw, Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Tanaman kelapa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kelapa Dalam umur 50 tahun dengan jarak tanam  9 m x 9 m. Penelitian  menggunakan  Rancangan  Acak  Lengkap  dengan tiga perlakuan dan           tiga ulangan. Tiga perlakuan yang diuji adalah jenis pakan ternak, yang terdiri atas P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott, Cynodon sp. dan Pennisetum purpureum. Jarak tanam pakan ternak tersebut adalah 20 cm x 20 cm untuk Cynodon sp., dan 100 cm x 50 cm untuk P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott dan P. purpureum. Defoliasi pertama dilakukan 70 hst, setelah itu defoliasi dilakukan setiap 45 hari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berat kering pakan ternak per ha adalah 15,31 ton; 128,21 ton; dan 163,73 ton/ha berturut-turut untuk  Cynodon sp., P. purpureum, dan P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott. Bahan kering dan nutrisi pakan P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott  lebih tinggi dari Rumput Cynodon sp. dan Pennisetum purpureum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott  yang diindtroduksi meningkatkan produksi dan nutrisi pakan ternak pada lahan perkebunan kelapa secara nyata dibanding tanaman pakan lokal Cynodon sp. dan P. purpureum. Pennisetum  purpureum Schum cv. Mott  dapat beradaptasi di bawah naungan kelapa dewasa.<br /><br /></p><p> </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Herbage intake and animal performance of cattle grazing dwarf elaphant grass with two access times to a forage peanut area

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Melo de Liz ◽  
Henrique Mendonça Nunes Ribeiro Filho ◽  
Ederson Americo de Andrade ◽  
Camila Zardo de Nardi ◽  
Marcolino Frederico Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Dwarf Elephant Grass

Relatively short grazing periods in a pure legume pasture can be an alternative for increasing animal performance in medium-quality tropical pastures. Thus, the aim was to evaluate the herbage intake and animal performance of steers grazing dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. BRS Kurumi) with two access times [2 h (07:00 - 9:00) and 6 h (07:00 - 13:00)] to an area of forage peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo). Twelve steers (219 ± 28.8 kg LW) were divided into four groups and assessed during three consecutive grazing cycles, from January to March 2013. The crude protein and neutral detergent fiber contents were 158 and 577 g/kg dry matter (DM) for dwarf elephant grass and 209 and 435 g/kg DM for forage peanut, respectively. The pre-grazing height and leaf mass of dwarf elephant grass and forage peanut were 94 cm and 2782 kg DM/ha and 15 cm and 1751 kg DM/ha, respectively. The herbage intake (mean = 2.7 ± 0.06% LW) and average daily weight gain (mean = 1.16 ± 0.31 kg/day) were similar for both treatments. However, animals with 2-h access to the legume paddock grazed for 71% of the time, whereas those with 6-h access grazed for 48% of the time. The performance of the steers that were allowed to graze forage peanut pasture for 2 h is similar to that of those that were allowed to graze the legume pasture for 6 h.

scholarly journals Fermentative characteristics and nutritional value of elephant grass silage added with dehydrated banana peel

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Maria Santos Brant ◽  
Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽  
Dorismar David Alves ◽  
Mateus Alves Macedo Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Inclusion Level

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fermentative losses and nutritional value of elephant grass silages with the increasing of inclusion levels of dehydrated banana peel. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and four replications, being the silage exclusively from elephant grass, and five levels of inclusion of banana peel to the elephant grass silage, as the following - 5; 10; 15; 20 and 25%, being added based on natural matter. The addition of the banana peel in the silage reduced linearly (p < 0.05) the pH, the ammoniacal nitrogen and the losses of the fermentative process. In addition, the inclusion of banana peel increased linearly (p < 0.05) the dry matter and non-fibrous carbohydrates. On the other hand, the neutral detergent fiber and the acid detergent fiber were linearly reduced with the inclusion of the banana peel (p < 0.05), but there was no change in the dry matter digestibility in situ. The inclusion of dehydrated banana peel in elephant grass silage reduces the losses of the fermentation process with more consistent results at the 25% inclusion level, however, it reduces the silage nutritional value due to fibrous and protein quality. 

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