Cancer chemopreventive and antioxidant activities of seed, skin, and pulp of Maximo hybrid grapes (IAC 138-22) at five different ripening stages

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the composition and the cancer chemopreventive and antioxidant activities of the seed, skin, and pulp of Maximo hybrid grapes (IAC 138-22) harvested at different ripening stages. The content of total phenolic compounds and tannins were determined by the Folin-Ciocaulteau method, and total anthocyanins were determined using the differential pH method. Different chemical methods assessed the antioxidant activity. Cell viability (macrophage and melanoma skin cancer) and cancer chemopreventive activity were tested in cell lines by quinone reductase induction assay, TNF-α-induced NF-κB inhibitory activity assay, and aromatase inhibitory activity assay. The hybrid grape had high phenolic contents in both seeds and skin, significantly reduced upon ripening. The results showed that fruit ripening significantly affected both the composition and the antioxidant and cancer chemopreventive activities. Except for the anthocyanin content, the most significant results were observed for green seeds, with the greenest stage showing the best results. The green seeds showed the highest antioxidant activity, even when compared to free resveratrol. In the assessment of cancer chemopreventive activity, the green seeds showed the ability to inhibit N-FκB and aromatase activity, important factors for the early stage of cancer development. Besides, no extracts showed cytotoxicity. Therefore, this grape’s green seeds showed strong antioxidant and cancer chemopreventive activities confirmed herein, suggesting beneficial health effects.

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Antioxidant Activity, Sugar Content and Phenolic Profiling of Blueberries Cultivars: A Comprehensive Comparison

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha46211120 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 639-652 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Onur Tolga OKAN ◽

İlhan DENİZ ◽

Nurettin YAYLI ◽

İhsan Güngör ŞAT ◽

Mehmet ÖZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Total Anthocyanin Content ◽

The World ◽

Comprehensive Comparison

Commercial blueberry production has been a viable industry throughout the world for 95 years; because of blueberry is a good source of antioxidant. Blueberries are especially rich in anthocyanin, a flavonoid with potent antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to compare the phenolic quantities, antioxidant activities, anthocyanin, sugar and phenolic compounds of blueberries produced in Turkey with those of similar blueberry varieties produced around the world. As a result of the conducted analysis, the total phenolic content (TPC) amount found in the berries was 77.26-215.12 mg GAE/100 g, the total flavonoid content (TFC) was 30.44-91.69 mg QE/100 g and the total anthocyanin content (TAC) was 43.03-295.06 mg c3-GE/100 g. Examining the antioxidant activities of the berries, DPPH between 1.10-5.65 mg/ml, FRAP between 454.93-36832.96 µmol troloks/100 g, β-Carotene between 40.66-86.48%. It was determined that the natural berries contained much more phenolic compounds and higher antioxidant activity than that of the cultivars The result of HPLC analysis, chlorogenic acid is determined to be the dominant compound in all berries. Furthermore, fructose and glucose are found in all fruits in different quantities while sucrose is found in certain varieties of berries as well. At the end of the performed study the data indicate that wild and cultivars of blueberries are rich sources of antioxidants for local as well international industries importing this fruit for food processing and enormous products.

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Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Bignay (Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng var. Kalabaw) Flesh and Seeds as Affected by Maturity and Processing Method

Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences ◽

10.12982/cmujns.2021.042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Kristel June Sartagoda ◽

Ma. Cristina Ilano ◽

Lloyd Earl Flandez ◽

Katherine Ann Castillo-Israel

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Processing Method ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Processing Methods ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Antioxidant Content ◽

Freeze Dried

This study aimed to determine the influence of maturity stages and processing methods (blanching and steaming) on the antioxidant profile and in vitro antioxidant activities of bignay (Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng var. Kalabaw) flesh and seeds. Bignay fruits of three maturities (unripe, half ripe, and fully ripe) were collected from Laguna, Philippines. Each maturity stage was subdivided into three lots. One lot underwent blanching at 90 ± 5°C for 2 minutes, and another underwent steaming at 105 ± 5°C for 5 minutes while the last did not undergo treatment. Seeds of the samples were then separated from the flesh. Both seeds and flesh were freeze-dried, extracted, and analyzed for antioxidant contents (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and total anthocyanin content) and antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Results show that both the maturity and processing methods significantly affect the antioxidant content and activity of the samples. Moreover, except for the FRAP assay done on flesh samples, all assays showed that there is significant interaction between the effect of maturity and processing method on the antioxidant contents and activity of bignay flesh and seeds. Results also show that fully ripe flesh and seeds yielded greater antioxidant content and antioxidant activity than their half-ripe and unripe counterparts; whereas, blanched flesh and seeds generally had higher antioxidant activities than their unprocessed and steamed counterparts.

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Antioxidant properties of Philippine Bignay (Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng cv. ‘Common’) flesh and seeds as affected by fruit maturity and heat treatment

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.4(6).215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 1980-1987

Author(s):

K.A.T. Castillo-Israel ◽

K.J.D. Sartagoda ◽

M.C.R. Illano ◽

L.E.L. Flandez ◽

M.C.M. Compendio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Antioxidant Content ◽

Common Variety ◽

Ripe Stage

The effects of maturity (green-unripe, red-ripe, and purple-fully ripe) and heat treatment (blanching at 90±5°C for 2 mins and steaming at 105±5°C for 5 mins) on the antioxidant content and activity of Philippine bignay (Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng cv. ‘common’) flesh and seeds were investigated. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total anthocyanin content (TAC) were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau assay, aluminum chloride assay, and pH differential technique, respectively, and the antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Results showed that the antioxidant content and activity of bignay increased with maturity. Fully ripe flesh and seeds were found to have the highest antioxidant content and activity regardless of the heat treatment applied. The TPC (8.06±0.15 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g), TFC (8.10±0.06 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g), TAC (4.07±0.03 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents (CGE)/L extract), and antioxidant activity (ABTS 10.37±0.04 , DPPH 9.60±0.10, FRAP 24.37±0.53 Trolox equivalents (TE)/g) of fully ripe seeds were superior when blanched. On the other hand, the TPC (40.73±0.04 mg GAE/g), TFC (31.54±0.15 mg QE/g), TAC (20.93±0.12 mg CGE/L extract), of fully ripe flesh were superior when not heat-treated while its antioxidant activity (ABTS 34.19±0.19, DPPH 14.01±0.02, FRAP 87.78±1.22 (TE)/g) was highest when blanched but did not vary significantly compared to unheated samples. This study suggested that bignay ‘common’ variety was a good source of antioxidants particularly the flesh at fully ripe stage. Blanching had shown to enhance its antioxidant activities.

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Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Evaluation of the Phenolic Compositions and Antioxidant Activities of Four Iranian Alyssum Species

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407215666190215152137 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 581-587

Author(s):

Pooran Golkar ◽

Ahmad Fotoohi ◽

Claudio Frezza

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Lobularia Maritima

Background: Alyssum L. is a genus of herbaceous perennial or annual plants belonging to the Brassicaceae family. Little is known about biochemical properties of Alyssum species, specially endemics to Iran. In particular, the species were A. homolocarpum (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Boiss., A. lepidotum Boiss., A. maritimum (L.) Lam. (now syn. of Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.) and A. simplex Rudolph. and eight accessions were studied. These diverse species accessions were collected in six different areas. Materials and Methods: In this work, the Total Phenolic Content (TPC), the Total Flavonoid Content (TFD), the Total Flavonol Content (TFL), the Carotenoid content (Car) and the Anthocyanin content (Ant) of the leaf methanolic extracts of four Alyssum L. species collected in Iran, were assessed. The antioxidant activity assay for every extract obtained from the eight accessions was also carried out according to three distinct methodologies including three different methods including: DPPH, Beta carotene/ linoleic acid and phosphomolibdate assays. Results: The highest TPC, TFD and TFL values were separately observed in two different accessions of A. lepidotum whereas the highest carotenoid content was observed in one accession of A. homolocarpum and the highest anthocyanin content was observed in A. maritimum. Different results were observed for different methodolies for antioxidant evaluations methods and some of them were found to have values, expressed in mg/mL, much lower with respect to the control. The least DPPH activity and the highest total antioxidant activity with phosphomolybdate assay was found in A. lepidotum. Conclusion: The preliminary phytochemical screening and the evaluation of their antioxidant activities were reported here for the first time for Iranian Alyssum species. The findings eventually recommends, the use of those accessions in the ethnopharmacological and nutraceutical fields.

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EFFECT OF MATURITY STAGES AND SOLVENT POLARITY ON PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF GUAVA CULTIVARS

PLANT ARCHIVES ◽

10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.no1.035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (no 1) ◽

Author(s):

Surabhi Shukla ◽

Radha Kushwaha ◽

Monika Singh ◽

Jyotsana Singh ◽

Vinita Puranik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Solvent Polarity ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Maturity Stages ◽

Ripening Stages

Tropical fruits claim to have phenolic compounds that have been reported to possess strong antioxidant activity. The study investigatedantioxidant activity and total phenolic content of five Guava cultivars namely Allahabad Safeda, Allahabad Surkha, Lalit, Chittidar and Apple color harvested at three fruit ripening stages (unripe, semi-ripe and ripe) and extracted by four solvents (ethanol, methanol, acetone and water) with different polarities (50%, 70% and 100%).The findings suggest that guava cultivars with maturity stages and extracting solvent affected its phenolic content and antioxidant activity significantly. Pure solvents were inefficient extraction medium for antioxidants. Enhanced extraction yields were obtained from solvent containing higher water concentrations and 50% ethanol is a recommended solvent for extracting antioxidants compounds from guava fruit. High correlations between phenolic compositions and antioxidant activities of guava extracts were observed. The total phenolics and antioxidant capacity decreases as the ripening proceeds (unripe>semi-ripe>ripe) in all five cultivars.This study facilitates information on the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacities of guava cultivars which is an important commercial fruit. Results obtained showed that solvent polarities and ripening stages played the major role in extraction of ployphenolics from Guava. The significant declines in the levels of total phenolics and antioxidant capacity during fruit development suggest that the unripe fruits can also be taken for processing into nutraceutical foods.

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Phytochemical Characterization of Commercial Processed Blueberry, Blackberry, Blackcurrant, Cranberry, and Raspberry and Their Antioxidant Activity

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8110540 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 540 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Zoriţa Diaconeasa ◽

Cristian I. Iuhas ◽

Huseyin Ayvaz ◽

Dumitriţa Rugină ◽

Andreea Stanilă ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Rubus Idaeus ◽

Production Costs ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Subsequent Storage

Being delicious and containing strong disease-fighting agents, berries represent an increasing proportion of fruits consumed nowadays in our diet. However, berries are highly perishable as fresh and, therefore, they are usually processed into various products to extend their shelf-life and availability throughout the year. Among the fruit-containing products, jam is one of the most common due to its nourishing properties, its low production costs, and its accessibility for a lengthy period. Rather than home preparation, consumers nowadays increasingly prefer to purchase commercial jams from markets due to its convenience. Although fresh berries have been extensively studied for their phenolic compounds, a limited number of studies investigating commercially manufactured jams have been conducted so far. Considering this, the objective of this study was to assess the total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content and the antioxidant activity of five commonly consumed commercial berry jams (blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) and blackcurrant (Ribes nigrun) mixture, blackcurrant (Ribes nigrun), cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and raspberry (Rubus idaeus)) collected from the market. Even though a possible loss of phenolics, anthocyanins, and a decrease of radical scavenging activity may occur during jam processing and subsequent storage, our data indicated that the selected commercial jams remained good sources of nutritive molecules with antioxidant properties based on the high levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and elevated antioxidant activities determined in this study. Additionally, the samples were characterized by GC-MS for their volatile profiles, and terpenes were found to be the dominating class covering more than 74% of volatile compounds in the jams.

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Comparative Analysis of Nutritional and Bioactive Properties of Aerial Parts of Snake Gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerinaLinn.)

International Journal of Food Science ◽

10.1155/2016/8501637 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ruvini Liyanage ◽

Harshani Nadeeshani ◽

Chathuni Jayathilake ◽

Rizliya Visvanathan ◽

Swarna Wimalasiri

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Insoluble Dietary Fiber ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Significant Linear Correlation ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Fruit Samples

The present investigation was carried out to determine the nutritional and functional properties ofT. cucumerina. Water extracts of freeze dried flowers, fruits, and leaves ofT.cucumerinawere evaluated for their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity,α-amylase inhibitory activity, and fiber and mineral contents. Antioxidant activity, TPC, and TFC were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in leaves than in flowers and fruits. A significant linear correlation was observed between the TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities of plant extracts. Although, leaves and flower samples showed a significantly higher (P≤0.05) amylase inhibitory activity than the fruit samples, the overall amylase inhibition was low in all three parts ofT. cucumerina. Soluble and insoluble dietary fiber contents were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in fruits than in flowers and leaves. Ca and K contents were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in leaf followed by fruit and flower and Mg, Fe, and Zn contents were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in leaves followed by flowers and fruits. In conclusion,T. cucumerinacan be considered as a nourishing food commodity which possesses high nutritional and functional benefits for human health.

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Antioxidant properties of lipote (Syzygium polycephaloides (C.B. Rob.) Merr.) flesh and seeds as affected by maturity and processing method

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.5(2).558 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 475-484

Author(s):

M.C.R. Ilano ◽

K.J.D. Sartagoda ◽

L.E.L. Flandez ◽

M.C.M. Compendio ◽

D.B. Morales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Dpph Assay ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Antioxidant Content ◽

Processing Step

Lipote (Syzygium polycephaloides (C. B. Rob.) Merr.) is a Philippine endemic tree whose berries have a potential for functional food development. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the maturity stage (unripe, half-ripe or fully ripe) and processing (blanching at 90±5°C for 2 mins and steaming at 105±5°C for 5 mins) on the antioxidant content (total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total anthocyanin content (TAC)) and antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, of lipote flesh and skin (referred herein as flesh) and seeds. Results showed that maturity and processing significantly affect the antioxidant contents and activities of fresh lipote flesh and seeds. Blanched lipote flesh generally had higher TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities than their unprocessed and steamed counterparts. Blanched unripe flesh had the highest TPC (33.57±0.27 mg gallic acid equivalents [GAE]/g) and antioxidant activity measured by ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH assay (92.31±1.28 mg Trolox equivalents [TE]/g, 123.83±0.86 mg TE/g, and 74.02±0.33 mg TE/g, respectively) while blanched fully ripe flesh had the highest TFC (27.98±0.08 mg quercetin equivalents [QE]/g) and TAC (18.11±0.11 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents [C3GE]/g). Lipote seeds, especially unripe ones, have appreciable antioxidant contents and antioxidant activity, even greater than that of lipote flesh. Unprocessed unripe seeds had the greatest TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity by DPPH assay (123.56±0.94 mg GAE/g, 111.90±0.14 mg QE/g and 465.89±1.86 mg TE/g, respectively). It is recommended that blanching be used as a processing step to increase the antioxidant content of lipote flesh while lipote seeds should be investigated further for nutraceutical applications due to their high antioxidant properties.

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Physico-chemical properties and nutritional composition of fruits of the wild himalayan strawberry (Fragaria nubicola Lindle.) in different ripening stages

Journal of Berry Research ◽

10.3233/jbr-210742 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Pema O. Bhutia ◽

Pushpa Kewlani ◽

Aseesh Pandey ◽

Sandeep Rawat ◽

Indra D. Bhatt

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Ripening Stages ◽

Improvement Programs ◽

Berry Fruits

BACKGROUND: Genus Fragaria (family - Rosaceae), popular edible berry fruits with delicious flavor and considerable health benefits has many wild relatives in the Himalayan region. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to characterize variability in morphology, physicochemical properties, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity in wild Himalayan Strawberry, Fragaria nubicola along the ripening stages and among the genotypes. METHOD: Morphological and physicochemical properties, thiamine, carotenes, total phenolic content, phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, flavonols, tannins, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays) were determined in four ripening stages of berry fruits. RESULTS: Morphological attributes (diameter, length, volume, and fresh weight of berries) have shown considerable variations among the genotypes and increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the ripening stages. The physicochemical properties such as juice content, pH and moisture content also increased with the ripening, however, the pomace content decreased with the ripening. Anthocyanin content increased significantly (p < 0.05) with ripening and reached at maximum level after full ripening. A successive decrease in free and bounded total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol contents was observed with the ripening except in total tannin content. However, a reverse trend of these phenolics was observed in juice along with the ripening. The antioxidant activity measured by three in vitro assays increased with the ripening. Phenolics were extracted higher in the acidified methanolic solvent (extracted free and bounded phenolics) as compared to methanolic solvent (extracted free phenolics). Phenolic compounds quantified by RP-HPCL analysis were extracted higher in acidified methanol as compared to methanol, except chlorogenic acid content. CONCLUSION: The results showed quantitative changes in free and bounded phenolics and morphological and functional traits along with the ripening. Also, this important genetic resource exhibited potential utility in the breeding of strawberry improvement programs and as an alternative resource of rich phytonutrients and antioxidants as a functional food.

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SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTITUMOR 20 TUMBUHAN OBAT ASAL KABUPATEN MANOKWARI

Jurnal Natural ◽

10.30862/jn.v7i1.678 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bimo Budi Santoso

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Antitumor Activity ◽

Traditional Method ◽

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Total Phenolic Contents

Flavanoid, steroid, and terpenoid contents of 20 Manokwari medicinal plants were analyzed. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic contents and antitumor activity of 20 Manokwari medicinal plants were also evaluated. The result shows that 83% positif to flavanoid test, 59% positif to terpenoid test and only 25% positif steroid. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents evaluated using Ferric Thiocianate (FTC) and Folin-Ciocalteu methods respectively. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of medicinal plants were extracted by the traditional method, boiling in water and also in 80% methanol. Twenty plants evaluated in both exstracts have significantly varies of antioxidant activities and phenolic contents, A significant and linier correlation coefficient between the antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content was found in both aqueous (R2= 0,77) and methanol (R2 = 0,85). Antitumor activity was tested using cell maurine P-388 and only 2 of medicinal plants are active to inhibit cell maurine P-388. Comparing extraction efficiency of the two methods, the methanol extracted phenolic compounds more efficiently, and antioxidant activity of the extract was higher.

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