scholarly journals Practices of intensive care nurses in the face of technologies: analysis in the light of social representations

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-337
Author(s):  
Rafael Celestino da Silva ◽  
Márcia de Assunção Ferreira ◽  
Thémis Apostolidis

The aim was to analyze the social representations of nurses' care practices in the face of the technologies applied to the clients hospitalized in intensive therapy. Qualitative field research in the framework of the social representations theory. Semi-structured interviews were held with 21 nurses of an intensive therapy unit at a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Thematic content analyses were applied, which showed that the technologies are devices that translate the signs from the client's body, which nurses base themselves on for care. The ways of assisting indicate bureaucratic and care actions demanded by the technologies, which imply detachment from and proximity to the client. It was concluded that there is an idealized image of the intensive therapy client linked to the technologies, organized in the professional training and supported by the clinic practice of the intensive therapy unit.

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neusa Maria Kuester Vegini ◽  
Flávia Regina Souza Ramos ◽  
Mirelle Finkler

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the social representations of college hazing in the health field. Method: the Social Representations theory of Serge Moscovici was the theoretical-methodological framework used in this qualitative study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with health workers, freshmen, senior students, and professors of a university located in southern Brazil, in August 2015. The interviews were audio recorded and later transcribed. Results: four thematic categories emerged: Social representations of hazing, Experiences, Ethical problems, and Influence on professional training. The results of the first two categories are presented. Hazing is represented from two different perspectives: a cooperative one - jokes and happiness, fraternization and friendship, integration and participation, greeting and reception; and a coercive perspective - violence, aggression, submission, initiation and rite of passage. Conclusion: ambiguity between the social representations of hazing reveals different potencies in the students’ moral development: on one hand, there is the exchange of values with positive contributions and, on the other hand, there is the experience of devaluations that undermine the process. An ethical analysis of college hazing performed by the academic community and the involvement and commitment of professors are essential for changes in paradigms concerning professional training to take place.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (87) ◽  
pp. 589-609
Author(s):  
Ana Flávia Rezende ◽  
Flávia Luciana Naves Mafra ◽  
Jussara Jéssica Pereira

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the case of five lack entrepreneurs who own businesses a public that for years has denied a esthetic and phenotypic traits. These spaces, branded as ‘ethnic salons’, aim to take care of the curly and / or Afrohair of Black men and women.In the face of this context, we ask: how canBlack entrepreneurs and enterprisesconfront colonialmentality in social relations, by creating businesses aimed at giving value to, and appreciatingthe identity of Black men and women? The field research was conducted via observations and interviews,collecting narratives from both. The narratives went through a process of synthesis and analysisprocesses that allowed us to flag the motivesbehind these enterprises, as well as the racial/ethnic acceptance present in these spaces. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is to discuss ‘hairtype’ as a constitutive element of Black racial identity, and the opportunity for more autonomywhen entering the labor market.


2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Gabriela Silveira de Paula ◽  
Patrícia Do Socorro Magalhães Franco Espírito-Santo

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the social representations of the elderly on aging and experiences related to health involved in this process. Methodology: the qualitative methodology was applied; data collection was carried out through participant observation, semi-structured interviews and field journal. The interviews were recorded, and a signed a free and clear consent form was obtained, with seven elderly volunteers in Franca – São Paulo, Brazil. The study was approved by Uni-FACEF´s Research Ethics Committee (035/2009). Results: from the analyses of the interviews, three social representations were found among which health constituted the center of discussion: (1) Life silencing: a stigmatized old age where health is determined by declining physical and mental capacities; (2) New identity: an active old age where health is what provides freedom and independence; (3) A natural process: old age is an expected stage and health is spiritual well-being. Conclusions: these results show that social representations of old age are associated to the current redefinition of health; to a positive concept of health; and to the individual’s responsibility for health, that is associated with the aging reprivatization. Key words: Aging; health; social representations; contemporaneity. RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as representações sociais do idoso acerca do envelhecer e das vivências relativas à saúde implicadas neste processo. Metodologia: utilizou-se a metodologia qualitativa, a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da observação participante, entrevistas semi-estruturadas, e diário de campo. Após a assinatura dos termos de consentimento livre e esclarecido, as entrevistas foram gravadas com sete idosos voluntários na cidade de Franca – SP. Para preservar a identidade dos participantes, todos os nomes utilizados neste artigo são fictícios. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Centro Universitário de Franca (protocolo 035/2009). Resultados: a partir das análises das entrevistas, emergiram três RS acerca da velhice, nas quais a saúde constituiu-se em eixo de discussão: (1) A vida silenciando: uma velhice estigmatizada, em que a saúde é marcada por declínios nas capacidades físicas e mentais; (2) A Nova identidade: uma velhice ativa em que a saúde é aquilo que dá liberdade e independência; (3) Um Processo natural: a velhice é uma etapa esperada, e a saúde é o bem-estar espiritual. Conclusões: tais resultados demonstram que as RS da velhice estão associadas à atual ressignificação da saúde; a um conceito positivo de saúde; e à responsabilização individual pela saúde, a qual se associa à reprivatização do envelhecimento. Descritores: envelhecimento; saúde; representações sociais; contemporaneidade. RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender las representaciones sociales de las personas mayores sobre el envejecimiento y las experiencias relacionadas con la salud implicada en este proceso. Metodología: se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, la recolección de datos fue realizada por medio de la observación participante, entrevistas semi-estructuradas y diario de campo. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas, firmados los términos del consentimiento libre e informado, con siete voluntarios de la ciudad de Franca – São Paulo, Brasil. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Uni-FACEF. Resultados: a partir del análisis de las entrevistas, reveló tres representaciones sociales sobre la vejez, donde la salud se constituyó en un eje de discusión: (1) La vida silenciando: una vejez estigmatizada, donde la salud se caracteriza por la disminución de la capacidad física y mental, (2) La nueva identidad: una vejez activa, donde la salud es lo que concede libertad e independencia, (3) Un proceso natural: el envejecimiento es un paso esperado y la salud es el bienestar espiritual.  Conclusiones: Estos resultados demuestran que las representaciones sociales de la edad están asociadas con la actual resignificación de la salud; con un concepto positivo de la salud, que se asocia con la reprivatización del envejecimiento. Descriptores: Envejecimiento; salud; representaciones sociales; contemporaneidad.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Antonina N. Pinchuk ◽  
Svetlana G. Karepova ◽  
Dmitry A. Tikhomirov

This article examines matters associated with social-humanitarian professions in the emerging “digital society” as regarded by current college students, who are slated to look for jobs in the near future and, consequently, to adapt to swiftly changing conditions on the labor market. Based on material from a sociological study conducted by the authors in 2019, it is shown how students who are absorbing professional social-humanitarian knowledge perceive and assess the role and significance of their own profession in a digital world, with their expectations, apprehensions and methods of social adaptation being subject to analysis. The basis for analyzing subjective representations was 26 semi-structured interviews with Moscow students mastering educational programs of social-humanitarian professional training orientation. The respondents admitted that the world is quickly changing, and that in a digital society we should expect a restructuring of the professional realm. Young people assume that social-humanitarian professions will be in demand in the future, though they could gain new substance as a result of the extensive adoption of digital technologies in professional practices. The study allowed for determining young students’ views on what sort of competences will be the most demanded of specialists in the social-humanitarian field once we build a digital society. Within the model of competencies formulated by the respondents, the highest ranking turned out to be skills of the cognitive, communicative and digital variety. However, students are concerned with potentially excessive demands for qualification on behalf of employers when it comes to the “digital” competencies of humanitarian college graduates. According to respondents, encountering such demands will be the most serious risk when the time comes to find a job. Also, in the minds of respondents, the traits required of modern specialists also include adaptability and the ability to continuously learn. Surveyed students emphasized the growing role of professional mobility among specialists with a social-humanitarian education, with them having to be able to attain qualification in neighboring professional fields if the situation calls for it. This affects the means of respondents’ professional adaptation, within which guidelines are shaped for continuous education, which is in turn linked to retraining, and independently attaining new competencies, reinforcing the digital component of one’s professional knowledge and skills.


Author(s):  
Rodolfo Alfonso Torregrosa Jiménez ◽  
Norhys Torregrosa Jiménez

ABSTRACTaccess problems and dysfunctions of the judiciary, in all societies there are communal forms of conflict resolution. Community and institutional mechanisms for conflict resolution can provide the ability to handle conflict from the values, habits and customs of the communities and not from the mere formality of state justice inaccessible to the masses. Thus, the Settlement in Equity is one of the alternatives through which the popular sectors can get for themselves and through community leaders, a righteousness that is in accordance with the needs and responsibilities of the direct stakeholders of the community. Thus, the purpose of the research is to investigate the social representations (RS) of the concepts of fairness, justice and coexistence Community Ratings equity conciliation of a town in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. In addition, as we are interested in identifying the point of view of these users, ie, their opinions, attitudes and information, is that the theoretical and methodological approach used RS. So, be described by methods and with the support of the theoretical framework, the cognitive dimension of the RS user. Such representations are interpreted through formalization that conform segmenting in graphic forms (codes), the corpus of semi-structured interviews applied to users, considered as a continuation of separate occurrences among themselves, delimited by several characters. These occurrences are analyzed, both quantitatively and qualitatively.RESUMENPor problemas de acceso y disfunciones del aparato judicial, en todas las sociedades existen formas comunitarias de resolución de conflictos. Los mecanismos comunitarios e institucionales de solución de conflictos pueden brindar la posibilidad de tramitar los conflictos a partir de los valores, los usos y las costumbres de las comunidades y no desde la mera formalidad de la justicia estatal inaccesible para los sectores populares. Así, la Conciliación en Equidad es una de las alternativas a través de la cual los sectores populares pueden obtener por ellos mismos y a través de líderes comunitarios, una justicia que esté de acuerdo con las necesidades y responsabilidades de los actores directos de la comunidad. De este modo, el propósito de la investigación es indagar sobre las representaciones sociales (RS) de los conceptos de equidad, justicia comunitaria y convivencia de los usuarios de la conciliación en equidad de una Localidad en la ciudad de Bogotá-Colombia. Y como lo que interesa es identificar el punto de vista de estos usuarios, es decir, sus opiniones, actitudes e información, es que se usa el enfoque teórico-metodológico de las RS. Así, se describirá, a través de métodos y con el apoyo de los referentes teóricos, la dimensión cognitiva de las RS de los usuarios. Dichas representaciones son interpretadas a través de formalizaciones que se conforman segmentando en formas gráficas (códigos), el corpus de entrevistas semi-dirigidas aplicadas a los usuarios, considerado como una continuación de ocurrencias separadas, entre sí, mediante varios caracteres delimitados. Estas ocurrencias son analizadas, tanto desde el punto de vista cuantitativo como cualitativo.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-169
Author(s):  
Ana Lilia Souza Barbosa Barbosa ◽  
Alef Diogo da Silva Santana ◽  
Ednaldo Cavalcante de Araújo ◽  
Paula Daniella de Abreu ◽  
Marcos Soares de Lima ◽  
...  

Objetivo: Identificar las representaciones sociales de las trabajadoras sexuales travestis sobre la calidad de vida. Material y Método: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio, basado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, desarrollado con siete travestis trabajadoras sexuales. La producción de los datos se llevó a cabo con entrevistas semiestructuradas y posteriormente se transcribieron, validaron y analizaron a partir del Análisis de contenido temático.Resultados: Surgieron tres clases: 1) Acceso a la salud como principio de calidad de vida; 2) El apoyo de las organizaciones no gubernamentales en la visibilidad y respeto a las demandas de las personas trans y 3) Los vínculos sociales como herramienta útil en el sentido de la calidad de vida.Consideraciones finales: Las representaciones se ubican en la necesidad de acceso a servicios de salud libres de prejuicios; el apoyo de las organizaciones no gubernamentales en el reconocimiento de sus potencialidades y singularidades mediante el establecimiento de vínculos afectivos, solidarios, leales y de confianza, y en el establecimiento de lazos sociales producidos con vecinos y amigos para afrontar las dificultades vividas cotidianamente. Objective: To identify the social representations of transvestite sex professionals regarding quality of life.Material and Method: A qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study, anchored in the Theory of Social Representations, developed with seven professional transvestites of sex. The data production was carried out with semi-structured interviews and later transcribed, validated and analyzed from the Thematic Content Analysis.Results: Three categories emerged: 1) Access to health as a principle to quality of life; 2) Support of non-governmental organizations in the visibility and respect to the demands of the trans population and 3) Social ties as a propositional tool in the meaning of quality of life.Final considerations: The representations are located in the need to access health services free of prejudice; in the support of non-governmental organizations in the recognition of their potentialities and singularities, establishing affective bonds of support, loyalty and trust; and in the establishment of social bonds produced with neighbors and friends to face the difficulties experienced daily. Objetivo: identificar as representações sociais de travestis profissionais do sexo sobre qualidade de vida. Material e Método: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo, exploratório, ancorado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, desenvolvido com sete travestis profissionais do sexo. A produção dos dados foi realizada com entrevistas semiestruturadas e posteriormente transcritas, validadas e analisadas a partir da Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Resultados: Emergiram-se três categorias: 1) O acesso à saúde como princípio à qualidade de vida; 2) Apoio das organizações não governamentais na visibilidade e respeito às demandas das pessoas trans e 3) Os laços sociais como ferramenta propositiva no significado da qualidade de vida.Considerações finais: As representações estão situadas na necessidade de acesso aos serviços de saúde livre de preconceitos; no apoio das organizações não governamentais no reconhecimento de suas potencialidades e singularidades estabelecendo vínculos afetivos, de apoio, lealdade e confiança; e no estabelecimento dos laços sociais produzidos com vizinhos e amigos para o enfrentamento das dificuldades vivenciadas diariamente.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Krempser ◽  
Célia Pereira Caldas ◽  
Cristina Arreguy-Sena ◽  
Laércio Deleon de Melo

Objetivos:Analisar os estressores presentes nas representações sociais da punção venosa periférica em crianças,segundo os acompanhantes e profissionais de enfermagem. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa delineada na abordagem processual da Teoria das Representações Sociais com alicerce teórico nos Sistemas de Betty Neuman. O cenário foi o setor de pediatria de uma instituição hospitalar de Minas Gerais. Participaram 22 profissionais de enfermagem e 58 acompanhantes. Coletados dados de caracterização sociodemográfica e entrevista individual em profundidade, gravada a partir de questões norteadoras, entre abril e setembro de 2018. Realizado análise estatística e de conteúdo com softwares SPSS 24 e Nvivo Pró-11®.Resultados:Segundo as dimensões representacionais e os estressores de Neuman, foramidentificadascategoriasrelacionadas aobjetos impactantes; informações determinantes ecomportamentos frente ao procedimento. Conclusão: Identificou-sea necessidade de um redimensionamento da atuação da enfermagem frente aos estressores presentes.SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS AND PEDIATRIC VENUS PUNCTURE STRESSORS: CONTRIBUTIONS TO NURSING CAREObjectives: To analyze the stressors present in the social representations of peripheral venipuncture in children, according to companions and nursing professionals. Method: Qualitative research outlined in the procedural approach of the Theory of Social Representations with theoretical foundation in the Systems of Betty Neuman. The scenario was the pediatric sector of a hospital in Minas Gerais. 22 nursing professionals and 58 companions participated. Data collected from sociodemographic characterization and individual in-depth interview, recorded from guiding questions, between April and September 2018. Statistical and content analysis was performed with SPSS 24 and Nvivo Pró-11® software. Results: According to Neuman's representational dimensions and stressors, categories related to impacting objects were identified; determinant information and behaviors regarding the procedure. Conclusion: The need for a redimensioning of nursing performance in the face of the present stressors was identified.Keywords: Family; Hospitalized Child; Peripheral Catheterization; Social Psychology; Nursing Theory.REPRESENTACIONES SOCIALES Y PENSADORES DE PUNCIÓN VENUS PEDIÁTRICA: CONTRIBUCIONES A LA ATENCIÓN DE ENFERMERÍAObjetivos: Analizar los estresores presentes en las representaciones sociales de la venopunción periférica em niños, según compañeros y profesionales de enfermería. Método: Investigación cualitativa descrita en el enfoque procesal de la Teoría de las representaciones sociales con fundamento teórico em los Sistemas de Betty Neuman. El es cenario era el sector pediátrico de un hospital en Minas Gerais. Participaron 22 profesionales de enfermería y 58 acompañantes. Datos recopilados de lacaracterización sociodemográfica y la entrevista enprofundidad individual, grabados a partir de preguntas orientadoras, entre abril y septiembre de 2018. El análisis estadístico y de contenido se realizócon SPSS 24 y el software Nvivo Pró-11®. Resultados: De acuerdo con las dimensiones y factores estresantes de Neuman, se identificaron categorías relacionadas con objetos impactantes; información determinante y comportamientos conrespecto al procedimiento. Conclusión: Se identificó la necesidad de redimensionar el rendimiento de enfermería frente a los estresores actuales.Palabras-clave: Familia; Niño Hospitalizado; Cateterismo Periférico; Psicología Social; Teoría de Enfermería.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Trigoni Maria ◽  
◽  
Mikits Militsa ◽  
Mpanagi Evaggelia ◽  
◽  
...  

Introduction Empathy in social work is one of the most important factors that can bring change in the patient, by developing a productive relationship. The purpose of this study is to explore empathy in the practice of social work, as it is used by professional social workers. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 social workers in public health services in Crete. Responses were recorded, and content analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings There were differences in the way that social workers perceive the concept of empathy, depending on their prior experiences. It was also found that they are more “sensitive” when patients have a common problem with them. Among the difficulties that prevented them from being empathetic was having “a difficult personal period” that affected their work. This study has also identified the importance of professional training for the development of empathy skills, and the key-role of work experience. Moreover, it highlighted the importance of co-operation between the researchers and the social workers for generating efficacious and valuable information. Conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of empathy as a necessary skill in the relationship between social workers and patients, and the need for in-depth scientific research and analyze on this issue in Greece.


Author(s):  
Thaise Vieira Da Cruz ◽  
João Paulo Santiago Barradas ◽  
Edilson Coelho Sampaio

Introdução: Crianças têm um repertório de ocupações bem diverso, que engloba, principalmente, o brincar e a educação, e, para crianças negras que residem em comunidades periféricas dos grandes centros urbanos, os projetos sociais se tornam uma possibilidade de ocupação, como forma de promover o acesso a direitos básicos, favorecer o pleno exercício da cidadania e o combate ao racismo. Objetivo:identificar e compreender os significados de ocupar-se do Projeto Social Afrocine, vivenciado por crianças negras e voluntários de uma comunidade periférica de Belém-PA. Método: O presente estudo é uma pesquisa de campo do tipo qualitativo-descritivo, onde realizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com as crianças participantes e os voluntários do projeto social que evidenciaram a realidade e as dificuldades de crescer encarando as mais adversas questões de caráter racial. Conclusão: Esta pesquisa ajudou compreender o valor da Educação, Representatividade e Consciência Negra nesse contexto marcado por injustiças, e o quão significativas são para as crianças da comunidade que se ocupam do Projeto Social.Palavras-chave: Terapia Ocupacional. Ocupação. Crianças. Racismo. Projetos Sociais. Vulnerabilidade SocialAbstractIntroduction: Children have a very diverse repertoire of occupations that mainly include playing and education, and for blackchildren who live in peripheral communities in large urban centers, Social Projects become a possibility of occupation, as a way of promoting access to basic rights, favor the full exercise of citizenship and the fight against racism. Objective: identifying and understanding the meanings of getting busy of the Afrocine Social Project, experienced by black children and volunteers from a peripheral community in Belém-PA, as well as the crossings of the social project in their lives. Method: The presente study is a qualitative-descriptive field research. In this way, semi-structured interviews were carried out with the participating children and the volunteers of the social project, which highlighted the reality and the difficulties of growing up facing the most adverse racial issues. Conclusion: This research helped to understand the value of Education, Representativeness and Black Consciousness in this environment marked by injustices, how significant they are for children in the Community who are involved in the social project, and how They contribute to the fight Against racism.Keywords: Occupational Therapy. Occupation. Children. Racism. Social Projects. Social VulnerabilityResumenIntroducción: Niños tienen un repertorio de ocupaciones muy diverso que incluyen principalmente el juego y la educación, y para los niños negros que viven en comunidades periféricas en grandes centros urbanos, los Proyectos Sociales se convierten en una posibilidad de ocupación, como una forma de promover el acceso a los derechos básicos, favorecer la plena ejercicio de la ciudadanía y lucha contra el racismo. Objetivo: identificar y comprender los significados del cuidado del Proyecto Social Afrocino, vivido por niños y voluntarios negros de una comunidad periférica en Belém-PA, así como cruces de la proyecto social en sus vidas. Metodo: El presente estudio es una investigación de campo cualitativo-descriptivo. De esta forma, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con los niños participantes y los voluntarios del proyecto social, que resaltaron la realidad y las dificultades de crecer frente a los problemas raciales más adversos. Conclusión: Esta investigación ayudó a comprender el valor de la Educación, la Representatividad y la Conciencia Negra en este entorno marcado por las injusticias, qué tan significativas son para los niños de la comunidad que se involucran en el proyecto social y cómo contribuyen a enfrentar el racismo.Palavras clave: Terapia Ocupacional. Ocupación. Niños. Racismo. Proyectos Sociales. Vulnerabilidad Social  


2022 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-213
Author(s):  
Antonio Díaz-Lucena ◽  
Victoria Mora-de-la-Torre ◽  
Lorenzo-J. Torres-Hortelano

Twitter recently celebrated its 15th anniversary. During this period, the platform has gone through several phases, culminating in a record number of subscribers and profits in 2021. Twitter is a household name all over the world and people know what it can or cannot provide, independent of the future growth that it may experience with new investments and updates. This article aims to verify two interrelated hypotheses, namely: the Spanish press already knows how to optimise the social network Twitter, as three decades have elapsed since its launch; and, secondly, the algorithm modification implemented by Twitter in 2018 has triggered a change in the positioning of the headers studied in this social network. In order to demonstrate both, the object of analysis will be conducted by a mixed approach through quantitative statistical processes (which will study the number of impacts and retweets and likes obtained), and inductive qualitative methods such as semi-structured interviews. This multidisciplinary approach will provide a more complete and in-depth analysis of the phenomenon. The research focuses on the period between 2018 and 2020, and addresses the participation on Twitter of the four main traditional newspapers (El País, La Vanguardia, ABC and El Mundo) as well as four native digital newspapers (20 Minutos, El Español, elDiario.es and El Huffpost). The analysis comprises more than 1.5 million tweets among the eight chosen newspapers.


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