scholarly journals Neuromarketing and its implications for operations management: an experiment with two brands of beer

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Henrique Caldeira de Oliveira ◽  
Janaina de Moura Engracia Giraldi
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Visual Selective Attention ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Neuromarketing and neurophysiology of consumer behavior and sensory experiences are growing in research results and importance to the operations activities due to the possibility of designing products and processes that are more suitable to the consumers’ needs. In addition, there is a wide range of applications on the shop floor, such as safety design, man-machine design and other applications related with cognitive processing and its impact on human behavior. This article discusses the impact of advertising of recognized brands on the visual selective attention of young adults in the consumption of alcoholic beverages. The discussion considered the model of dual cognitive processing, in which prolonged effects of exposure to brands with strong positive associations would result in increased selective attention and commitment to strong brands. An experiment with two brands of beer using an eye-tracking equipment to identify the patterns of visual attention was carried out. The results showed that there are considerable differences in young adults for visual attention, with greater attention to strong brands. The study may help to develop more effective marketing campaigns and products, providing the consumers a better experience. Furthermore, it also allows for a better comprehension on attention at the workplace, providing important insights in several areas of production, such as work safety, repetitive processes, equipment handling among others.

THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP PRACTICES TO TEAM MEMBERS’ SATISFACTION

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chalimah .
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Leadership Practices ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Leader Behavior ◽  
Team Leader ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Top Executives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

eamwork is becoming increasingly important to wide range of operations. It applies to all levels of the company. It is just as important for top executives as it is to middle management, supervisors and shop floor workers. Poor teamwork at any level or between levels can seriously damage organizational effectiveness. The focus of this paper was therefore to examine whether leadership practices consist of team leader behavior, conflict resolution style and openness in communication significantly influenced the team member’s satisfaction in hotel industry. Result indicates that team leader behavior and the conflict resolution style significantly influenced team member satisfaction. It was surprising that openness in communication did not affect significantly to the team members’ satisfaction.

scholarly journals Could the Visual Differential Attention Be a Referential Gesture? A Study on Horses (Equus caballus) on the Impossible Task Paradigm

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Alterisio ◽  
Paolo Baragli ◽  
Massimo Aria ◽  
Biagio D’Aniello ◽  
Anna Scandurra
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Visual Selective Attention ◽  
Expectancy Violation ◽  
The People ◽  
Tactile Interaction ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Impossible Task ◽  
Differential Attention

In order to explore the decision-making processes of horses, we designed an impossible task paradigm aimed at causing an expectancy violation in horses. Our goals were to verify whether this paradigm is effective in horses by analyzing their motivation in trying to solve the task and the mode of the potential helping request in such a context. In the first experiment, 30 horses were subjected to three consecutive conditions: no food condition where two persons were positioned at either side of a table in front of the stall, solvable condition when a researcher placed a reachable reward on the table, and the impossible condition when the food was placed farther away and was unreachable by the horse. Eighteen horses were used in the second experiment with similar solvable and impossible conditions but in the absence of people. We measured the direction of the horse’s ear cup as an indicator of its visual attention in terms of visual selective attention (VSA) when both ears were directed at the same target and the visual differential attention (VDA) when the ears were directed differentially to the persons and to the table. We also included tactile interaction toward table and people, the olfactory exploration of the table, and the frustration behaviors in the ethogram. In the first experiment, the VDA was the most frequent behavior following the expectancy violation. In the second experiment, horses showed the VDA behavior mostly when people and the unreachable resource were present at the same time. We speculate that the VDA could be a referential gesture aimed to link the solution of the task to the people, as a request for help.

scholarly journals Neuronal modulation in the mouse superior colliculus during covert visual selective attention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lupeng Wang ◽  
James P. Herman ◽  
Richard J. Krauzlis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Firing Rate ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Uncued Location ◽  
Visual Selective Attention ◽  
Covert Visual Attention

AbstractCovert visual attention is accomplished by a cascade of mechanisms distributed across multiple brain regions. Recent studies in primates suggest a parcellation in which visual cortex is associated with enhanced representations of relevant stimuli, whereas subcortical circuits are associated with selection of visual targets and suppression of distractors. Here we identified how neuronal activity in the superior colliculus (SC) of head-fixed mice is modulated during covert visual attention. We found that spatial cues modulated both firing rate and spike-count correlations, and that the cue-related modulation in firing rate was due to enhancement of activity at the cued spatial location rather than suppression at the uncued location. This modulation improved the neuronal discriminability of visual-change-evoked activity between contralateral and ipsilateral SC neurons. Together, our findings indicate that neurons in the mouse SC contribute to covert visual selective attention by biasing processing in favor of locations expected to contain relevant information.

scholarly journals Network Trust and Trust Behaviors Among Executives in Supply Chain Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 5823-5849
Author(s):  
Emily W. Choi ◽  
Özalp Özer ◽  
Yanchong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Multimethod Research ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Professional Experiences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trust Beliefs ◽  
The Impact

We integrate the results of a social network survey and a forecast information sharing experiment to examine the roles of trust and trustworthiness in impacting high-ranking executives’ decisions in supply chain interactions. The members of our executive sample have, on average, 17 years of work experience. A significant portion of them holds positions at the C-level in world-leading organizations that span a wide range of industries. By examining the roles of trust and trustworthiness in the decision making of high-ranking executives, we find strong external validation for as well as demonstrate how these nonpecuniary, behavioral factors impact the outcomes of business interactions. We employ a multimethod research design that allows us to investigate the extent to which the executives’ trust beliefs toward a relevant network of exchange partners (which we define as their “network trust”) impact their trust behaviors when engaging in business interactions with members of this network. We determine the conditions pertaining to the executives’ professional experiences that strengthen or weaken the impact of network trust on the executives’ trust behaviors in supply chain interactions. For example, executives with more diverse professional experiences rely more on network trust to shape their trust behaviors. Conversely, executives with prior positive trust experiences rely less on network trust in their trusting behaviors. We quantify that improved trust and trustworthiness can yield up to 41%, 6%, and 5% gain in the expected profit of the supplier, the retailer, and the supply chain. Our results offer tangible implications for how organizations can better leverage executives’ knowledge about how much to rely on network trust in business interactions to achieve better outcomes. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.

scholarly journals Visual attention during seeing for speaking in healthy aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn L Rehrig ◽  
Taylor R. Hayes ◽  
John M. Henderson ◽  
Fernanda Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Logistic Mixed Effects Model ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

As we age, we accumulate a wealth of information, but cognitive processing becomes slower and less efficient. There is mixed evidence on whether world knowledge compensates for age-related cognitive decline (Umanath & Marsh, 2014). We investigated whether older adults are more likely to fixate more meaningful scene locations than are young adults. Young (N=30) and older adults (N=30, aged 66-82) described scenes while eye movements and descriptions were recorded. We used a logistic mixed-effects model to determine whether fixated scene locations differed in meaning, salience, and center distance from locations that were not fixated, and whether those properties differed for locations young and older adults fixated. Meaning predicted fixated locations well overall, though the locations older adults fixated were less meaningful than those that young adults fixated. These results suggest that older adults’ visual attention is less sensitive to meaning than young adults, despite extensive experience with scenes.

scholarly journals Personal Culture Orientation and Consumer Cosmopolitanism: The Moderating Effects of Product Involvement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mu-En Chen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Product Involvement ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
The Impact

<p>Cosmopolitan consumers generally refer to individuals who are open and unbiased towards foreign products and identify as citizens of the world. Despite growing relevance of understanding consumer cosmopolitanism (COS) in today’s changing international landscape, both the construct itself is still not that well understood and operationalized, as well as its social and psychographic antecedent. In terms of culture studies, recent culture studies within the IB discipline continue to debate over the appropriate definitions of culture, as well as its conceptualization, operationalization, and especially measurement. This research aims to explore the impact of personal cultural orientations (PCOs), as individual-level culture value concepts, on COS, as well as the potential moderating role of product involvement (e.g., high- vs low-involvement products). Young-adult consumers in Taiwan and New Zealand were chosen to provide a contrast between a typical Western, Anglo-Saxon-based perspective and a typical Eastern, Asian, Confucian-based cultural context.  Overall, this study could not fully support PCOs as having a significant impact on COS, nor product involvement as a moderator. However, COS could not be tested as a second-order reflective latent construct as originally intended in the seminal paper by Riefler et al. (2012). Compared to Riefler et al. (2012)’s paper, differences can be observed in the sampling where Riefler et al. (2012) sampled respondents aged 19 to 93 years (mean=46.6). This suggests that young adults a generational cohort hold significantly different perspectives and dispositions to other generations and the overall population. This finding aligns with recent IB literature in looking for smaller ‘containers’ of culture.  Of the three PCOs tested, two displayed significant effects to COS in both country samples, but only to one dimension of the COS construct (Open-mindedness) and not the other (Diversity appreciation). Hence it is highly likely the PCOs tested in this study have significant effects on COS, if only COS could be operationalized as originally intended as discussed above. This points towards potential issues in appropriateness of the scales used for studies on young adults, as both the PCO and COS scales were developed on a wide range (age diverse) of respondents.  This study also showed that within-country differences appear to be smaller than across-country differences. This is not consistent with previous cross-cultural research in the IB literature, which suggest cultural values differ significantly at the individual level due to differences in individuals’ experiences. Again, such research was done on more diverse respondent populations, not a specific demographic cohort with distinct social experiences. This finding has implications for the general assumption that within-country differences are considerably larger than across-country differences, when it comes to cultural value studies. Thus, when focusing on a specific demographic generational cohort, it seems that even when it comes to representatives from two very diverse cultural backgrounds, one grounded in a more Western and Protestant-based cultural context with more independent identity construal and the other in a more Eastern and Confucian-based cultural context with more interdependent identity construal, my evidence shows grater tendency towards a generational archetype understanding of young adults.</p>

scholarly journals The olivocochlear reflex strength in awake chinchillas is relevant for behavioural performance during visual selective attention with auditory distractors

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Macarena Bowen ◽  
Gonzalo Terreros ◽  
Felipe N. Moreno-Gómez ◽  
Macarena Ipinza ◽  
Sergio Vicencio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Visual Selective Attention ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Behavioural Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Auditory Distractors

Abstract The auditory efferent system comprises descending projections from the cerebral cortex to subcortical nuclei, reaching the cochlear receptor through olivocochlear fibres. One of the functions attributed to this corticofugal system is to suppress irrelevant sounds during selective attention to visual stimuli. Medial olivocochlear neurons can also be activated by sounds through a brainstem reflex circuit. Whether the individual variability of this reflex is related to the cognitive capacity to suppress auditory stimuli is still controversial. Here we propose that the individual strength per animal of the olivocochlear reflex is correlated with the ability to suppress auditory distractors during visual attention in awake chinchillas. The olivocochlear reflex was elicited with a contralateral broad-band noise at ~ 60 dB and ipsilateral distortion product otoacoustic emissions were obtained at different frequencies (1–8 kHz). Fourteen chinchillas were evaluated in a behavioural protocol of visual attention with broad-band noise and chinchilla vocalizations as auditory distractors. Results show that the behavioural performance was affected by both distractors and that the magnitudes of the olivocochlear reflex evaluated at multiple frequencies were relevant for behavioural performance during visual discrimination with auditory distractors. These results stress the ecological relevance of the olivocochlear system for suppressing natural distractors.

Determinants of Visual Attention in Real-World Scenes

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc S. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Real World ◽  
Motion Pictures ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Visual Selective Attention ◽  
The Real ◽  
Moving Stimuli ◽  
Animated Cartoon

The present study examined the saliency of size, movement, and human content variables in visual selective attention. Ss named stimuli present in motion pictures of real world scenes or in animated cartoon controls during a 15-sec. exposure period. Regardless of the type of presentation that they saw, Ss tended to name large and/or moving stimuli more often than small and/or nonmoving stimuli. Also, small human stimuli were named more frequently than small nonhuman stimuli, while there were no differences between the frequencies with which large human and nonhuman stimuli were named. The order in which Ss named stimuli was not related to either the size, movement, or human content variables. Results are discussed in terms of the generalizability of the results of previous studies to conditions simulating the real world.

scholarly journals Does Alcohol Catch the Eye? Investigating Young Adults’ Attention to Alcohol Consumption

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 147470491773020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveline Vincke ◽  
Patrick Vyncke
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Functional Behavior ◽  
Better Than

Many studies on young adults’ motivations for drinking overlook the symbolic aspects of alcohol use. However, research indicates that young adults’ alcohol consumption is also driven by signaling motivations. Although the interest of a receiver is a necessary prerequisite of a signal, no previous studies have verified whether drinking behavior indeed attracts young adults’ attention. Therefore, we conducted two studies. A two-part eye-tracking study ( N1 = 135, N2 = 140) showed that both young men and young women pay special visual attention to male and female drinking behavior. Additionally, a recall experiment ( N = 321) confirmed that observed male and female drinking is better remembered than observed nonsignaling, functional behavior. Moreover, alcoholic beverages also receive special attention, as they were recalled better than other functional products, and also nonalcoholic drinks similar in color and shape. In summary, the experiments clearly showed that male and female drinking behavior can be used as a signal, as both behaviors clearly function as an attention-attracting cue. Additionally, as alcoholic beverages draw more attention than nonalcoholic drinks, this attention is clearly linked to the alcohol element of the drinking behavior.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document