scholarly journals Influence of the diameter of ground date pits on the technological properties of clay bricks

Cerâmica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (372) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Djafri ◽  
N. Chelouah
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Sem Micrographs ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Date Pits

Abstract The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diameter of ground date pits (GDP) on the technological properties of a clay brick. For this purpose, increasing amounts of GDP (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%) with different diameters were mixed with a clay to produce clay bricks by pressing, drying and then firing at 900 °C. The GDP diameter and content changed the water requirement for plasticity. The shrinkage, water absorption and apparent porosity of fired clay brick increased with the content and diameter of GDP. The compressive strength, apparent density and thermal conductivity of the samples decreased with the increase in diameter and content of GDP. With the help of SEM micrographs, it was observed that the combustion of added GDP in the mixture led to a reduction in the diameter of pores formed in the fired clay brick samples.

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Lightweight Clay Bricks Fabricated with a Powdered Marble Dust Additive

2018 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 465-470
Author(s):  
Sutas Janbuala ◽  
Mana Eambua ◽  
Arpapan Satayavibul ◽  
Watcharakhon Nethan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Marble Dust

The objective of this study was to recycle powdered marble dust to improve mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of lightweight clay bricks. Varying amounts of powdered marble dust (10, 20, 30, and 40 vol.%) were added to a lightweight clay brick at the firing temperatures of 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. When higher quantities of powdered marble dust were added, the values of porosity and water absorption increased while those of thermal conductivity and bulk density decreased. The decrease in apparent porosity and water absorption were also affected by the increase in firing temperature. The most desirable properties of the clay bricks were obtained for the powdered marble dust content of 40 vol.% and firing temperature 900 °C: bulk density of 1.20 g/cm3, compressive strength 9.2 MPa, thermal conductivity 0.32 W/m.K, and water absorption 22.5%.

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND WATER ABSORPTION OF RECYCLED COCONUT FIBRE AND CRUSHED CLAY BRICK MASONRY

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renga Rao Krishnamoorth ◽  
Thevaneyan Krista David
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Line Heat Source ◽  
Clay Bricks

This study aims to investigate the thermal conductivity, compressive strength and water absorption analysis of recycled masonry bricks using coconut fiber and crushed clay bricks as a partial sand replacement to create a green building material. The variable ratios of coconut fiber were considered and 10 specimens per sample were manufactured manual process using hand. Four (4) series of brick mix design from the total weight of the sand with different levels of coconut fiber and crushed clay brick replace half of the sand was created as irregular mixes comprises of 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% of coconut fiber. Overall, the use of coconut fiber and crushed clay brick as a partial sand replacement reduce the brick thermal conductivity. Thermal properties were measured based on the transient line heat source method using a KD2 Pro thermal properties analyzer. The suitable percentage of partial sand replacement for sand-cement brick using coconut fiber in this study was 4% and 50% of crushed clay brick after compared to commercial brick. The average sample of 4% coconut fiber was 0.532 W/mk of thermal conductivity and 18.74MPa compressive strength with density of 1716.28 kg/m3. In short, the thermal insulation potential of coconut fiber and crushed clay brick is highly promising for commercial development in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Biodegradable, Flame-Retardant, and Bio-Based Rigid Polyurethane/Polyisocyanurate Foams for Thermal Insulation Application

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Borowicz ◽  
Joanna Paciorek-Sadowska ◽  
Jacek Lubczak ◽  
Bogusław Czupryński
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Processing Times

This article raised the issue of studies on the use of new bio-polyol based on white mustard seed oil and 2,2’-thiodiethanol (3-thiapentane-1,5-diol) for the synthesis of rigid polyurethane/polyisocyanurate (RPU/PIR) foams. For this purpose, new formulations of polyurethane materials were prepared. Formulations contained bio-polyol content from 0 to 0.4 chemical equivalents of hydroxyl groups. An industrial flame retardant, tri(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate (Antiblaze TCMP), was added to half of the formulations. Basic foaming process parameters and functional properties, such as apparent density, compressive strength, brittleness, absorbability and water absorption, aging resistance, thermal conductivity coefficient λ, structure of materials, and flammability were examined. The susceptibility of the foams to biodegradation in soil was also examined. The increase in the bio-polyol content caused a slight increase in processing times. Also, it was noted that the use of bio-polyol had a positive effect on the functional properties of obtained RPU/PIR foams. Foams modified by bio-polyol based on mustard seed oil showed lower apparent density, brittleness, compressive strength, and absorbability and water absorption, as well as thermal conductivity, compared to the reference (unmodified) foams. Furthermore, the obtained materials were more resistant to aging and more susceptible to biodegradation.

Application of Dry Grass for Clay Brick Manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 757 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Nonthaphong Phonphuak
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks

In this paper, effects of incorporation of dry grass on the properties of clay bricks were investigated. Clay bricks fabricated with 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 % (w/w) of dry grass were tested. The clay brick specimens were fired at 900, 1000 and 1100 °C to study for bulk density, apparent porosity water absorption and compressive strength of brick samples were investigated. Results revealed that the bulk density of clay bricks were reduced when dry grass dosages increased. Results also shown that the increasing in bulk density were obtained when the firing temperature increased. The compressive strength of clay bricks was decreased when dry grass dosages increased. The addition of 2.5 % (w/w) dry grass fired at 1100 °C showed the optimal condition which indicated 11.6 MPa of compressive strength and 1.78 g/cm3 of bulk density. However, results indicated that a decrease in water absorption and apparent porosity were found when the firing temperature increased. Test results also revealed that the addition of dry grass for clay brick production lead to utilize a potential material as the additive to raw clay-bricks in the manufacturing of lightweight clay bricks.

Influence of Rice Husk Ash on the Engineering Properties of Fired-Clay Brick

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.C. Khoo ◽  
I. Johari ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Sand Temperature

The aim of this study is to determine the influence of rice husk ash (RHA) on the engineering properties of fired-clay brick with the present of 10% sand. Temperature 1200°C is selected as the optimum temperature based on the preliminaries study. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), were carried out to determine the characteristic of raw materials used. Mechanical properties of rice husk ash-clay bricks are determined in terms of compressive strength, porosity and water absorption. The results shows that increase in RHA replacement percentage reduce the compressive strength and linear shrinkage of fired-clay bricks while the porosity and water absorption value increase. From the investigation, we can conclude that the optimum mixing ratio for fired-clay brick containing RHA is 15% because it complied with the minimum requirement for building material in term of strength and water absorption.

scholarly journals The Use of Waste from the Production of Rapeseed Oil for Obtaining of New Polyurethane Composites

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Paciorek-Sadowska ◽  
Marcin Borowicz ◽  
Marek Isbrandt ◽  
Bogusław Czupryński ◽  
Łukasz Apiecionek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Dielectric Polarization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapeseed Cake ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Lower Reactivity

This article presents the results of research on obtaining new polyurethane materials modified by a by-product from vegetable oils industry—rapeseed cake. The chemical composition of rapeseed cake was examined. Rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate (RPU/PIR) foams containing a milled rapeseed cake in their composition were obtained as part of the conducted research. Biofiller was added in amount of 30 wt.% up to 60 wt.%. Effects of rapeseed cake on the foaming process, cell structure and selected properties of foams, such as apparent density, compressive strength, brittleness, flammability, absorbability, water absorption, thermal resistance and thermal conductivity are described. The foaming process of RPU/PIR foams modified by rapeseed cake was characterized by a lower reactivity, lower foaming temperature and decrease in dielectric polarization. This resulted in a slowed formation of the polyurethane matrix. Apparent density of RPU/PIR foams with biofiller was higher than in unmodified foam. Addition of rapeseed cake did not have a significant influence on the thermal conductivity of obtained materials. However, we observed a tendency for opening the cells of modified foams and obtaining a smaller cross-sectional area of cells. This led to an increase of absorbability and water absorption of obtained materials. However, an advantageous effect of using rapeseed cake in polyurethane formulations was noted. Modified RPU/PIR foams had higher compressive strength, lower brittleness and lower flammability than reference foam.

scholarly journals Production of Lightweight Thermal Insulating Clay Bricks using Papyrus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Muhamad Ali Karim
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Thermal Insulating ◽  
Opposite Behavior ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Firing Shrinkage

The paper presents an experimental investigation into the possibility of producing lightweight clay bricks by adding flakes of papyrus, locally called (Bardy). The flakes were sieved to obtain a powder with maximum particle size of 2.5 mm. The bricks were prepared with the addition of increasing amounts of flakes of papyrus (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mass%) to the clay slurry. Different temperatures of 650, 900, and 1050°C were embayed to fire the specimens. The thermal conductivity, water absorption, porosity, bulk density, firing shrinkage, compressive strength, and bending strength of the samples were measured. It was observed that the apparent compressive strength, bending strength, firing shrinkage, thermal conductivity, and density increased with the firing temperature increase and decreased with the papyrus flakes content increase; however, water absorption and porosity showed an opposite behavior.

scholarly journals Eco-friendly use of eggshell powder as a bio-filler and flux material to enhance technological properties of fired clay bricks

10.30544/628 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blasius Ngayakamo ◽  
Assia Mahamat Aboubakar ◽  
Charles Gbetoglo Komadja ◽  
Abdulhakeem Bello ◽  
Azikiwe Peter Onwualu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Eggshell Waste

In this work, an experimental investigation on the use of eggshell powder from waste eggshells as an alternative source of bio-filler and flux to enhance the technological properties of fired clay bricks were carried out. Four different batch compositions were formed with eggshell powder as a bio-filler and flux replacing clay-soil up to 15 wt.%. The clay bricks were prepared by the casting method and were fired at 800, 900, and 1000 °C at the heating rate of 8 °C/min for 120 minutes. The raw materials and produced fired clay bricks were characterized by SEM/EDS, XRF, and XRD, respectively. Besides, technological properties of fired clay bricks (eg. water absorption, apparent porosity, bulk density, and compressive strength) were also determined. The results showed that adding 15 wt.% of eggshell powder as a bio-filler and flux yielded a compressive strength of 4.8 MPa, the bulk density of 2.1 g/cm3, and a lower water absorption value of 11.1% at the firing temperature of 1000 °C. Consequently, the use of eggshell as a bio-filler and flux to enhance the technological properties of fired clay bricks is promising and can be considered as an effective alternative method to reduce environmental concerns caused by inappropriate discarding and landfill construction to dispose of eggshell waste.

Effect of Rice Husk and Rice Husk Ash on Properties of Lightweight Clay Bricks

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutas Janbuala ◽  
Thanakorn Wasanapiarnpong
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
The Difference

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of rice husk and rice husk ash which have the difference chemical composition and organic matter on porosity and properties of lightweight clay brick . Comparative adding between rice husk and rice husk ash were varied by 10, 20, 30, 40 % by weight. The results showed that more adding of rice husk and rice husk ash increase pore in microstructure and water absorption, while decrease bulk density. Porosity and water absorption are maximized when the rice husk are added at 40 %. The clay brick with 10, 20 and 30 % of rice husk or rice husk ash addition showed the required density and compressive strength followed the industrial standard of lightweight brick. The addition with 10 % of rice husk showed the best properties as 1.20 g/cm3 of bulk density and 4.6 MPa of compressive strength with 36.57 % of porosity. Whereas, the 10 % addition of rice husk ash showed 1.18 g/cm3 of bulk density and 5.97 MPa with 37.27 % of porosity.

Comparison of Dolomite Clay and Cullet Addition on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Clay Bricks

2018 ◽  
Vol 766 ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Rattaphon Kantajan ◽  
Soravich Mulinta
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Component Ratio ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Bricks

The purpose of this study was to study and characterize the properties of physical – mechanical for clay bricks. The raw materials used in the study are from local sources. They are Sri Khum red clay, dolomite and cullet. The component ratio of clay brick as an addition Sri Khum red clay 50–90 %, foaming agent (dolomite and cullet) 10–50%. The characterization of raw material was analyzed by particle analyzer, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The shrinkage, water absorption and compressive strength of clay brick were tested. The results showed that the properties of clay bricks after firing at temperature at 900°C were studied. The Sri Khum red clay 80% and cullet 20% had a shrinkage of 6.95%, water absorption of 20.4% and compressive strength of 182 kg/cm2. The physical – mechanical of clay brick achieved the requirements of Thai industrial standard (TIS 77-2545).

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