scholarly journals The Use of Waste from the Production of Rapeseed Oil for Obtaining of New Polyurethane Composites

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Paciorek-Sadowska ◽  
Marcin Borowicz ◽  
Marek Isbrandt ◽  
Bogusław Czupryński ◽  
Łukasz Apiecionek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Dielectric Polarization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapeseed Cake ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Lower Reactivity

This article presents the results of research on obtaining new polyurethane materials modified by a by-product from vegetable oils industry—rapeseed cake. The chemical composition of rapeseed cake was examined. Rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate (RPU/PIR) foams containing a milled rapeseed cake in their composition were obtained as part of the conducted research. Biofiller was added in amount of 30 wt.% up to 60 wt.%. Effects of rapeseed cake on the foaming process, cell structure and selected properties of foams, such as apparent density, compressive strength, brittleness, flammability, absorbability, water absorption, thermal resistance and thermal conductivity are described. The foaming process of RPU/PIR foams modified by rapeseed cake was characterized by a lower reactivity, lower foaming temperature and decrease in dielectric polarization. This resulted in a slowed formation of the polyurethane matrix. Apparent density of RPU/PIR foams with biofiller was higher than in unmodified foam. Addition of rapeseed cake did not have a significant influence on the thermal conductivity of obtained materials. However, we observed a tendency for opening the cells of modified foams and obtaining a smaller cross-sectional area of cells. This led to an increase of absorbability and water absorption of obtained materials. However, an advantageous effect of using rapeseed cake in polyurethane formulations was noted. Modified RPU/PIR foams had higher compressive strength, lower brittleness and lower flammability than reference foam.

scholarly journals Biodegradable, Flame-Retardant, and Bio-Based Rigid Polyurethane/Polyisocyanurate Foams for Thermal Insulation Application

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Borowicz ◽  
Joanna Paciorek-Sadowska ◽  
Jacek Lubczak ◽  
Bogusław Czupryński
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Processing Times

This article raised the issue of studies on the use of new bio-polyol based on white mustard seed oil and 2,2’-thiodiethanol (3-thiapentane-1,5-diol) for the synthesis of rigid polyurethane/polyisocyanurate (RPU/PIR) foams. For this purpose, new formulations of polyurethane materials were prepared. Formulations contained bio-polyol content from 0 to 0.4 chemical equivalents of hydroxyl groups. An industrial flame retardant, tri(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate (Antiblaze TCMP), was added to half of the formulations. Basic foaming process parameters and functional properties, such as apparent density, compressive strength, brittleness, absorbability and water absorption, aging resistance, thermal conductivity coefficient λ, structure of materials, and flammability were examined. The susceptibility of the foams to biodegradation in soil was also examined. The increase in the bio-polyol content caused a slight increase in processing times. Also, it was noted that the use of bio-polyol had a positive effect on the functional properties of obtained RPU/PIR foams. Foams modified by bio-polyol based on mustard seed oil showed lower apparent density, brittleness, compressive strength, and absorbability and water absorption, as well as thermal conductivity, compared to the reference (unmodified) foams. Furthermore, the obtained materials were more resistant to aging and more susceptible to biodegradation.

scholarly journals Influence of the diameter of ground date pits on the technological properties of clay bricks

Cerâmica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (372) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Djafri ◽  
N. Chelouah
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Sem Micrographs ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Date Pits

Abstract The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diameter of ground date pits (GDP) on the technological properties of a clay brick. For this purpose, increasing amounts of GDP (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%) with different diameters were mixed with a clay to produce clay bricks by pressing, drying and then firing at 900 °C. The GDP diameter and content changed the water requirement for plasticity. The shrinkage, water absorption and apparent porosity of fired clay brick increased with the content and diameter of GDP. The compressive strength, apparent density and thermal conductivity of the samples decreased with the increase in diameter and content of GDP. With the help of SEM micrographs, it was observed that the combustion of added GDP in the mixture led to a reduction in the diameter of pores formed in the fired clay brick samples.

Incorporation of Iraqi Rocks in the Production of Eco-Friendly Cement Mortar

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (10A) ◽  
pp. 1522-1530
Author(s):  
Rawnaq S. Mahdi ◽  
Aseel B. AL-Zubidi ◽  
Hassan N. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Mechanical Milling ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Cement Mortars

This work reports on the incorporation of Flint and Kaolin rocks powders in the cement mortar in an attempt to improve its mechanical properties and produce an eco-friendly mortar. Flint and Kaolin powders are prepared by dry mechanical milling. The two powders are added separately to the mortars substituting cement partially. The two powders are found to improve the mechanical properties of the mortars. Hardness and compressive strength are found to increase with the increase of powders constituents in the cement mortars. In addition, the two powders affect water absorption and thermal conductivity of the mortar specimens which are desirable for construction applications. Kaolin is found to have a greater effect on the mechanical properties, water absorption, and thermal conductivity of the mortars than Flint. This behavior is discussed and analyzed based on the compositional and structural properties of the rocks powders.

USE OF THE MICROWAVE ENERGY FOR ALUMINUM WASTE FOAMING

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
LUCIAN PAUNESCU ◽  
MARIUS FLORIN DRAGOESCU ◽  
SORIN MIRCEA AXINTE ◽  
ANA CASANDRA SEBE
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Powder Mixture ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Foaming Process

The paper presents an aluminum foam experimental technique using the microwave energy. The raw material was recycling aluminum waste processed by ecological melting and gas atomizing to obtain the fine powder required in the foaming process. The powder mixture was completed with dolomite as a foaming agent. The products had a fine and homogeneous porous structure (pore size between 0.4-0.9 mm). The density (1.17-1.19 g/cm3), the compressive strength (6.83-7.01 MPa) and the thermal conductivity (5.71-5.84 W/m·K) had values almost similar to the foams made by conventional methods.

Preparation of Pottery from Shale

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 2062-2064
Author(s):  
Xiu Ling Tang ◽  
Min Fang Han ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Deposit Density

The main chemistry ingredients of the shale in Baoding, China, are SiO2 and Al2O3, and the mineral components are quartz, feldspar and mica. The shale was sintered to produce pottery at 1000 ~ 1300°C and its deposit density and expansion ratio were measured. The compressive strength, apparent density, water absorption, etc, of some sintered samples with expansion ratio more than 1.5 were measured according to GB/T17431.2-1998. When sintered at 1150°C for 15 min, the expansion ratio of the shale is 1.96. When sintered at 1200°C for 10 min, the expansion ratio is 2.00. The performances of the prepared pottery accord with GB/T17431.2-1998: the compressive strength is 3.8MPa with the expansion ratio 1.96, the compressive strength is 4.2MPa with the expansion ratio 2.00. The water absorption is 4.9~5.8%, according with GB/T17431.2-1998.

Preparation and Characterization of CCCW/Foamed Concrete Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Ke Qing Li ◽  
De Ping Chen ◽  
Shi Li Zhang ◽  
Bao Shun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Underground Engineering ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Insulation Performance

Aimed at improving the waterproofing property of foamed concrete, a heat-insulating and waterproofing composite applied in underground engineering was prepared by using cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing material and foamed concrete. The properties of foamed concrete and composite such as compressive strength, water absorption and thermal conductivity were tested and contrasted, and the compounding reaction mechanism was analyzed. The results show that, compared with foamed concrete, the water absorption of composite has been significantly reduced while the heat-insulating property of foamed concrete is maintained and the overall waterproofing and heat-insulation performance has been significantly improved. A new approach solving underground heat-harm such as high temperature and high humidity is provided.

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Lightweight Clay Bricks Fabricated with a Powdered Marble Dust Additive

2018 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 465-470
Author(s):  
Sutas Janbuala ◽  
Mana Eambua ◽  
Arpapan Satayavibul ◽  
Watcharakhon Nethan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Marble Dust

The objective of this study was to recycle powdered marble dust to improve mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of lightweight clay bricks. Varying amounts of powdered marble dust (10, 20, 30, and 40 vol.%) were added to a lightweight clay brick at the firing temperatures of 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. When higher quantities of powdered marble dust were added, the values of porosity and water absorption increased while those of thermal conductivity and bulk density decreased. The decrease in apparent porosity and water absorption were also affected by the increase in firing temperature. The most desirable properties of the clay bricks were obtained for the powdered marble dust content of 40 vol.% and firing temperature 900 °C: bulk density of 1.20 g/cm3, compressive strength 9.2 MPa, thermal conductivity 0.32 W/m.K, and water absorption 22.5%.

Effect of Admixtures on the Thermo-Physical Properties of Non Autoclaved Light Weight Block Using Marble Dust

2019 ◽  
Vol 801 ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Vivek Sood ◽  
S.K. Negi ◽  
B.M. Suman
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Inert Filler ◽  
Standard Code ◽  
Super Plasticizer ◽  
Marble Dust ◽  
Thermo Physical Properties

In the present study, use of marble dust an inert filler produced by the marble cutting industries in the development of light weight block (LWB) of density 800 kg/m3 by non-auto clave method has been studied. Various mechanical and thermo-physical properties have been evaluated. It has been possible to replace cement by up to 20% when no additive is used. With the use of activator and super plasticizer at 50% replacement of cement by marble dust, compressive strength and water absorption are well within the Indian standard code 2185. With the use of accelerator and super plasticizer it is possible to reduce the de moulding time from 48 hrs to 6 hrs. Thermal conductivity of blocks varies from 1.16 to 2.30 [W/mK]. The variation in thermal conductivity depends upon its density which varies from 800 kg/m3 to 2400 kg/m3.

The Study on Physical and Thermal Properties of Geopolymer Pastes

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 538-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pongsak Jittabut
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Thermal Capacity

This research was aimed to a present the physical and thermal properties of geopolymer pastes made of fly ash (FA) and bagasse ash (BA) with rice husk ash (RHA) containing at the doses of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% by weight. The sodium hydroxide concentration of 15 molars, sodium silicate per sodium hydroxide by weight ratio of 2.0, the alkaline liquid per binder at the ratio of 0.60 and curing at ambient temperature were used at the to mix all mixtures to gether for 7 and 28 days. The properties analysis of the geopolymer pastes such as compressive strength, bulk density, water absorption, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and thermal capacity were tested. The results were indicated that geopolymer pastes that containing rice husk ash 2% by weight for 28 days of curing gave the maximum compressive strength of 84.42 kg/cm2, low water absorption of 1.16 %, low bulk density of 2,065.71 kg/cm3, lower thermal conductivity of 1.1173 W/m.K, lower thermal diffusion of 6.643 µm2/s and lower thermal capacity of 1.6819 MJ/m3K, respectively. The utilization of waste from agriculture industry via geopolymer pastes for green building materials can be achieved. For this research, physical properties and thermal insulation of geopolymer pastes were siqnificantly improved.

Influence of Air Entraining Agent on Performance of Inorganic Thermal Insulating Mortar

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 490-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Min He ◽  
Jun Zhe Liu ◽  
Tian Hong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Thermal Insulating ◽  
Excessive Consumption

This paper presents a laboratory study on the effect of air entraining agent on the performance of thermal insulating mortar with glazed hollow bead. The test results show that with the dosage of air entraining agent increases, the consistency of thermal insulating mortar increases, apparent density, thermal conductivity and drying shrinkage decline, However, the compressive strength greater losses owing to excessive consumption of air entraining agent; air entraining agent within a certain dosage can significantly improve the operating performance of thermal insulation mortar, increase its consistency and reduce its apparent density, thermal conductivity coefficient and drying shrinkage. Due to excessive addition of air entraining agent, the apparent density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength of thermal insulation mortar all increase. For a specific insulation mortar, there will exist the best mixing amount of air entraining agent.

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