CLINICAL, HEMATOLOGICAL, AND SEMINAL ALTERATIONS AND PARASITEMIA OF MALE GOATS EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH <italic>Toxoplasma gondii</italic>

<title>Abstract:</title>Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease that affects reproductive performance in small ruminants. Although the <italic>Toxoplasma gondii</italic> life cycle is well understood since 1960s, several aspects related to its infection remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of <italic>T. gondii</italic>experimental infection, and the influence on clinical, hematological, parasitemia and seminal parameters in male goats. Nine animals were selected and distributed in three groups: GI (n=3) – control group (placebo) orally inoculated with saline solution; GII (n=3) – subcutaneously inoculated with 1 x 106 tachyzoites of <italic>T. gondii</italic>; and GIII (n=3) – orally inoculated with 2 x 105 oocysts of <italic>T. gondii</italic>. After that, clinical exams, serological tests, hemograms, parasitemia determination and semen evaluation were performed. Reciprocal serological titers had highest values of 4096 in both groups of goats infected with <italic>T. gondii,</italic>confirming the experimental infections. However, we could not observe clinical changes (except for mild hyperthermia on the 5th DAI in one of the animals - GIII) or in hematimetric parameters. Although there were some statistically significant changes (P <0.05) on the percentages of pathology and sperm concentrations in some of the dates between the infected and control animals, these changes were not associated with toxoplasmic infection. Infection was associated with animal handling methods and environmental factors.

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Toxoplasma gondii in semen of experimentally infected swine

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2007001000008 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 27 (10) ◽

pp. 430-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Anderson B. Moura ◽

Alvimar J. Costa ◽

Sérgio Jordão Filho ◽

Beatriz B. Paim ◽

Fernanda R. Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Histochemical Tests ◽

Toxoplasmic Infection ◽

Venereal Transmission ◽

Immunohistochemical Analyses

Eight reproductive boars were divided into three groups and inoculated with Toxoplasma gondii [GI (n=3) 1.5x10(4) oocysts strain P; GII (n=3) 1.0x10(6) tachyzoites strain RH; and GIII (n=2) non-inoculated control]. Clinical, hematological, parasitemia and serological tests and studies of the parasite in the semen through bioassay and PCR, and in reproductive organs (Bioassay and immunohistochemical analyses) were conducted to evaluate the toxoplasmic infection. Blood and semen were collected on day -2, -1, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14 and weekly up to 84 days post-inoculation (DPI). No clinical or hematimetric alteration was observed in the boars. Parasitemia was detected in one boar inoculated with oocysts at the 7th DPI and in another boar infected with tachyzoites (GII) at the 3rd and 49th DPI. Serological tests revealed antibodies against T. gondii in animals inoculated with oocysts or tachyzoites at the 7th DPI with dilutions of 1:256 and 1:64, which reached peaks of 1:4096 at day 11 and 9, respectively. The bioassays revealed the presence of the parasite in semen samples of a boar inoculated with oocysts (GI) at 3, 49 and 56 DPI and from two boars infected with tachyzoites (GII), one animal at 5 and two animals at 49 days DPI. Mice inoculated with semen from the control group (GIII) remained serologically negative. PCR analysis showed T. gondii DNA in the semen of Boar 1 and Boar 3 inoculated with tachyzoites and oocysts, respectively. The immuno-histochemical tests showed T. gondii in the reproductive organs of Boar 1 and Boar 2, inoculated with tachyzoites and oocysts, respectively. These findings suggest the possible occurrence of venereal transmission of T. gondii in swine.

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Fluorescent bead-based serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in chickens

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34121/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Benedikt T. Fabian ◽

Fatima Hedar ◽

Martin Koethe ◽

Berit Bangoura ◽

Pavlo Maksimov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Negative Control ◽

Immunofluorescence Assay ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Modified Agglutination Test ◽

Magnetic Capture ◽

Luminex Technology

Abstract Background: Free-ranging chickens are often infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Their infection indicates environmental contamination with T. gondii. The detection of infected birds relies primarily on serological assays. Methods: Here, we established a bead-based multiplex assay (BBMA) using the Luminex technology for the specific and sensitive detection of T. gondii infections in chickens. Recombinant biotinylated T. gondii surface antigen 1 (TgSAG1bio) bound to streptavidin-conjugated magnetic Luminex beads served as antigen. Serum antibodies were detected by a fluorophore-coupled secondary antibody. Beads of differing color codes were conjugated with anti-chicken IgY or chicken serum albumin and served for each sample as an internal positive or negative control, respectively. The assay was validated with sera from experimentally and naturally infected chickens. The results were compared to those from reference methods, including other serological tests and bioassay in mice.Results: In experimentally infected chickens, the vast majority (98.5%, n=65/66) of inoculated birds tested seropositive in the BBMA. This included all chickens positive by magnetic-capture PCR (100%, n=45/45). Most, but not all inoculated and TgSAG1bio-BBMA-positive chickens were also positive in two previously established TgSAG1-ELISAs (TgSAG1-ELISASL, n=61/65; or TgSAG1-ELISASH, n=60/65), or positive in an immunofluorescence assay (IFAT, n=64/65)) and in a modified agglutination test (MAT, n=61/65). All non-inoculated control animals (n=28/28, 100%) tested negative. In naturally exposed chickens, the TgSAG1bio-BBMA showed a high sensitivity (98.5%; 95% Confidence Interval: 90.7-99.9%) and specificity (100%; 85.0-100%) relative to a reference standard established using ELISA, IFAT and MAT. Almost all naturally exposed chickens that were positive in bioassay or by PCR tested positive in the TgSAG1bio-BBMA (93.5%; 77.1-98.9%), while all bioassay- or PCR-negative chickens remained negative (100%; 85.0-100%).Conclusions: The TgSAG1bio-BBMA represents a suitable method for the detection of T. gondii infections in chickens with high sensitivity and specificity, which is comparable or even superior to other tests. Since assays based on this methodology allow for the simultaneous analysis of a single biological sample with respect to multiple analytes, the described assay may represent one component in future multiplex assays for broad serological monitoring of poultry and other farm animals, including pigs or small ruminants, for various pathogens.

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Toxoplasmic Infection-induced Injury in the Ileal Myenteric Plexus in Rats Depends on the Dose of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts

Journal of Morphological Sciences ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1660494 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (01) ◽

pp. 80-86

Author(s):

L. Tironi ◽

E. Beraldi ◽

S. Borges ◽

C. Massocato ◽

S. Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Myenteric Plexus ◽

Neuronal Population ◽

Neuronal Morphology ◽

Control Group ◽

Enteric Glial Cells ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Quantitative Analyses ◽

Neuronal Hypertrophy ◽

Toxoplasmic Infection

Introduction The present study evaluated the effects of different inocula of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts on the ileal myenteric plexus in rats. Materials and Methods Male Wistar rats, 60 days old, were distributed into four groups: control group (CG; which received saline solution) and groups that were infected with 100 (TG100), 1000 (TG1000), and 5000 (TG5000) T. gondii oocysts. Thirty days after infection, the rats were sacrificed, and the ileum was collected to make whole-mount preparations that were subjected to immunofluorescence staining to observe the general neuronal population (HuC/D), nitrergic neurons (nNOS), and enteric glial cells (S100). Morphometric and quantitative analyses of myenteric neurons were performed. Results The infections with different T. gondii inocula did not cause neuronal or glial loss, but cause neuronal hypertrophy in general population and nitrergic subpopulation in infected groups. Conclusion: Changes in neuronal morphology were observed in the TG5000 group, including the presence of vacuoles, translocation of Hu protein to the nucleus, and dendritic distortions, suggesting functional alterations in these cells.

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PCR detection of Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene in women suffering from abortion

Journal of Biotechnology Research Center ◽

10.24126/jobrc.2019.13.1.562 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 12-15

Author(s):

Aseel S. Mahmood ◽

Sabeeha A. Al-Sarray ◽

Abdulkareem Al-Kazaz

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

B1 Gene ◽

History Of ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

And Control ◽

Apparently Healthy

Background: Primary infection of maternal with toxoplasmosis during gestation and this infection transmission to the fetus continue to be the cause complex disease in offspring. Objective: This study was conducted to test the utility of nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR) assay to detect recent infections with Toxoplasma in abortive women. Material and methods: Toxoplasma gondii DNA was detected by using B1 gene as a target for amplification which was highly specific for T. gondii and is well conserved among all of the tested strains. Blood from 60 abortive women and 25 apparently healthy pregnant women with no history of abortion (as control group) were taken in this current study. Results: The results revealed that nPCR was positive in 48(80%) subjects and negative in 12(20%), Chi-square- χ2 for patients and control was ( 13.82 , 15.75 ) respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that nPCR assay in blood has advantage in detection of recent and active toxoplasmosis.

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Semen Quality and Ferritin and Transferrin Seminal Levels

Folia Medica ◽

10.2478/folmed-2018-0044 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 632-636

Author(s):

Gilmar Pereira Silva ◽

Vítor Pereira Xavier Grangeiro ◽

Fabiana Pirani Carneiro

Keyword(s):

Semen Quality ◽

Ferritin Level ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chronic Hemodialysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Seminal Parameters ◽

Seminal Parameter ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: We proposed to investigate the possible relationship between seminal quality and ferritin and transferrin seminal levels in chronic hemodialysis (CH) patients. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study in a group of 60 men (case) undergoing CH for more than 6 months, and a group of 30 healthy men (control), aged 18-60 years, without clinical or laboratory signs of infection/inflammation and eugonadic. A spermogram was performed by manual method and measured the ferritn and transferrin seminal levels. Results: The case and control groups were age-matched (49.47±5.56 versus 47.90±6.22, p = 0.229). Comparison between case and control group, the exception of seminal ferritin levels that were similar (p = 0.136), were significantly lower in the case group (p<0.001) for all constituents of the seminal parameter and seminal transferrin levels. Seminal ferritin does not appear to be associated with seminal parameters and seminal transferrin (p>0.05); but there was an association between seminal transferrin and seminal parameters (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that seminal quality is related to seminal transferrin level and not with seminal ferritin level being useful in the initial evaluation of chronic hemodialysis patients with clinical suspicion of sub / infertility.

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IDENTIFICATION OF TORCH PATHOGENS IN CONGENITAL CATARACT PATIENTS VISITING ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF OPHTHALMOLOGY

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i5.4320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 1515-18

Author(s):

Mamoona Javaid ◽

Hannan Masud ◽

Hassan Sajjad Rathore ◽

Dilshad Ali ◽

Haroon Javaid

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Congenital Cataract ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bilateral Cataract ◽

Igm Antibodies ◽

And Control

Objective: To assess the rate of positivity of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex (TORCH) pathogens in patients suffering from congenital cataract in Pakistan. Study Design: Cross sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from Jun 2017 to Mar 2018. Methodology: Cataract group included sixty children already diagnosed with congenital cataract and control group included 60 children not suffering from congenital cataract. Serum samples of all children were collected to test against IgG and IgM antibodies of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalo, Herpes simplex pathogens using enzyme linked immune essay (ELISA) technique. Data were analyzed observe in difference between unilateral and bilateral cataract and between cataract and control group. Results: Out of 60 children in cataract group, 29 were tested positive for Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalo (CMV), Herpes simplex infections. CMV IgG antibodies were identified in 21 (35%) children followed by Rubella IgG 13 (21.7%), Toxoplasmosis IgG 8 (13.3%), CMV IgM 7 (11.7%), HSV I IgG 5 (8.3%), HSV II IgG 2 (3.3%) and HSV I IgM 1 (1.7%) antibodies. None of the children was positive for Toxoplasmosis, Rubella and HSV II IgM antibodies. There was no statistical difference in rate of positivity of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex pathogens between unilateral and bilateral cataract and between cataract and control group. Conclusion: Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex pathogens are an important cause of congenital cataract with Cytomegalovirus and Rubella virus being most common respectively. In order to prevent paediatric complications, we need........

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Myenteric neuronal plasticity induced by Toxoplasma gondii (genotype III) on the duodenum of rats

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652012005000052 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 737-746 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rodrigo M. Papazian-Cabanas ◽

Eduardo J.A. Araújo ◽

Aristeu V. da Silva ◽

Débora M.G. Sant'Ana

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Neuronal Loss ◽

Chronic Phase ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Myenteric Neurons ◽

Cytoplasmic Area ◽

Genotype Iii ◽

Toxoplasmic Infection ◽

Experimental Group

The effects of acute and chronic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii on duodenal myenteric neurons were analyzed. Eighteen rats were assigned into four groups: Acute Control Group (ACG, n=4); Acute Experimental Group (AEG, n=4); Chronic Control Group (CCG, n=5); and Chronic Experimental Group (CEG, n=5). Rats from the AEG and CEG were inoculated orally with 105 genotype III (BTU-II strain) tachyzoites of T. gondii isolated from a dog with neurological signs. Acute groups were killed after 24 hours after the inoculation and the chronic groups after 30 days. Whole-mount from the duodenum were stained with Giemsa. The population density of myenteric neurons, as well the body cell, nuclear and cytoplasmic area were analyzed. Both acute and chronic toxoplasmic infection did not provoke neuronal loss. On the other hand, plastic alterations were observed: decreasing of the nuclear and cytoplasmic area during the acute phase and neuronal hypertrophy during the chronic phase.

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The effect of toxoplasmosis infection in the concentration of interferon-ɣ and complementary proteins C3,C4 for parasite infected woman Toxoplasma gondii

Tikrit Journal of Pure Science ◽

10.25130/j.v24i4.840 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

AbdulKhaliq Alwan Muheimeed Al Jubouri ◽

Noor Talal Ali Taha Al Safe

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Control Group ◽

Infected Woman ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

The current study deals with measuring the level of interferon-ɣ لfor 9696عينة من النساء المرضى المراجعات لمستشفى صلاح الدين التعليمي في محافظة صلاح الدين للفترة sample of infected women with Toxoplasma gondii , whose attended Salah- El-Deen Teaching Hospital in Salah- El-Deen Governorate from 13/10لغاية /2016 to2017/4/2020/4/ 2017. The samples have been divided into50 50 infected عينة من النساء الحوامل المصابات بطفيلي pregnant women with ToxoplasmagondiiToxoplasma gondii وand 46 46 عينة كمجموعة سيطرة .women as a control group which included 2323 pregnant women 23and 23 عينة من النساء غير الحوامل من غير المصابات ب non – pregnant whose as not infectedT.gondii.. وتبين من خلال الدراسة وجود اختلاف معنوي في مستوى الانترفيرونThe study shows significant difference in the level of interferon ɣ كاما بين النساء المصابات ومجموعة السيطرة اذ ارتفع مستوى الانترفيرونbetween the infected women group and control group .The level of interferon ɣ كاما بين النساء المصابات ومجموعة السيطرة اذ ارتفع مستوى الانترفيرونin infected women was higher compared with the control group 1.658 0.977 0.977 and ) (,ah 0.7650.765 0.524 0.524) بيكوغرام / مل على التوالي عند مستوى احتمالية pg. / ml, respectively, at the level of probability 0.01p< .0.01>p. وفيما يخص قياس مستوى المتممينconcerning on to the measurement of the level of the complementary proteins C3 ,C4)C3, C4),فقد بلغت قيم It was shown the result exist variances moral if were valued in infection women ofC3,C4) 0.3708 0.0107 0.0107 and) ( 0.38510.3851 0.0306 0.0306) ملغرام / ديسلتر على التوالي مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة ( mg/dl, respectively, compared to the valued in non-infection women0.2528 0.2528 0.0463 0.0463 and) ( 0.2142 0.2142 0.06080.0608) ملغرام / ديسلتر على التوالي عند مستوى احتمالية mg/ dl, respectively, at the level of probability 0.01 p<. 0.01. > http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.067

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Seroprevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiin Women Who Have Aborted in Comparison with the Women with Normal Delivery in Ahvaz, Southwest of Iran

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2015/764369 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J. Saki ◽

N. Mohammadpour ◽

F. Moramezi ◽

S. Khademvatan

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

First Trimester ◽

Control Group ◽

Normal Delivery ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

Southwest Of Iran ◽

And Control ◽

The Relationship

Toxoplasma gondiiis an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite causing toxoplasmosis in animals and humans. Primary maternal infection with toxoplasmosis during pregnancy is frequently associated with transplacental transmission to the fetus. However it is not certain whetherToxoplasmainfection can cause recurrent abortion. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship betweenToxoplasmainfection and abortion via detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondiiantibodies in sera of women with obstetrical problems and compare the results with control group consisting of women with history of normal delivery. Sera from 130 women with abortion and sera of 130 women with normal delivery were tested for IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondiiantibodies by ELISA method. The present study revealed 24.6% of the samples with abortion and 21.5% of the samples with normal delivery were positive for IgG antibodies. However, statistical analysis indicated no significant differences(P>0.05). In addition, IgM antibody was detected in one woman who had aborted but not in women with normal childbirth. This study showed no significant difference between the case and control groups in IgG anti-Toxoplasmaantibody but detected one sample with IgM antibodies in woman with abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy. In order to determine the relationship betweenToxoplasmainfection and abortion, anti-ToxoplasmaIgG avidity and PCR to discriminate between recent and prior infections are recommended.

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The Probable Association between Chronic Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1155/2021/2508780 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Shahrzad Soltani ◽

Sanaz Tavakoli ◽

Mohamad Sabaghan ◽

Mehdi Sagha Kahvaz ◽

Marzieh Pashmforosh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Subjects ◽

And Control ◽

Control Study

Purpose. The probable association between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection and diabetes mellitus (DM) is still controversial, and there are several studies with conflicting results. Thus, this study was performed to assess the possible association between chronic T. gondii infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and T2DM. Methods. In this case-control study, a total of 105 diabetic subjects including 36 patients with T1DM and 69 patients with T2DM were recruited. In addition, 150 nondiabetic subjects were enrolled as controls. Each case group had its own control group. Each participant completed a structured questionnaire obtaining demographic information. Serum samples were examined for T. gondii-specific IgG antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results. Analysis revealed that 69.4% and 34.0% of patients with T1DM and control subjects were serologically positive for T. gondii, respectively (odds ratio (OR): 4.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.75–11.06; P = 0.001 ). Moreover, 72.5% of T2DM patients and 29.0% of healthy individuals were seropositive for T. gondii (OR: 6.44; 95% CI: 3.25–12.74; P < 0.001 ). Among risk factors, only contact with cats was significantly associated with IgG seroprevalence in both T2DM patients ( P < 0.001 ) and control subjects ( P = 0.045 ). Conclusion. Although the results showed that chronic T. gondii infection is significantly associated with T1DM and T2DM, there remain many questions regarding the exact mechanisms of T. gondii in the pathogenesis of DM.

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