scholarly journals The historic data series on AIDS in the state of Ceará, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1177-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathália Lima Pedrosa ◽  
Simone de Sousa Paiva ◽  
Rosa Lívia Freitas de Almeida ◽  
Eliane Rolim de Holanda ◽  
Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo Kerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
The State ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
And Control

This study describes the historic records on AIDS in the Brazilian state of Ceará, with analysis by gender, age group and race. It is a descriptive, retrospective, ecological study, analyzing 7,896 notifications of cases of AIDS, of people aged 13 and above, resident in the Ceará, over the period 2001 through 2011. Percentage occurrences and other data were calculated based on the variables gender, age group and race. Average and comparison tests were made, considering p < 0.05 and the trend line. There is a progressive increase in the number of cases. The majority of cases are in men. The ratio between the sexes falls from 2003 through 2007, but the number of women is still lower overall in the period. Higher rates of occurrence were found between the ages of 30 and 39, and of those with black-white mixed-race skin color (80%). Based on the variables studied in the series that was analyzed, the results indicate a need for differentiated strategies in prevention and control of the disease in the state.

scholarly journals Epidemiological overview of AIDS in elderly people in the state of Santa Catarina from 2008 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geovana Elizabeth Miotto ◽  
Betine Pinto Moehlecke Iser ◽  
Bruno Tafarel Ribeiro ◽  
Fernanda Brigido Castilhos ◽  
Daniel Albrecht Iser
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The State ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Introduction: In recent years there has been an increase in the number of AIDS diagnoses in the general population, with a significant growth among elderly individuals. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological situation of AIDS in the elderly population and its temporal trend in the Santa Catarina State. Methods: Ecological study, conducted with the elderly (≥60 years) living in Santa Catarina, who were diagnosed with AIDS and notified in the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) from 2008 to 2018. The incidence rate according to sex, age group and health macro-region was calculated, as well as the time trend, through linear regression. Race/skin color and scholarity were analyzed by proportion in relation to the total. Results: 1,365 cases were notified from 2008 to 2018. There was an increase in cases from 6,7/100.000 in 2008 to 23,1 in 2018 (1,77% yearly), higher among men aged 60 to 69 and living in the area of Florianópolis. Conclusion: there was an increase in AIDS notifications among the elderly in the state.

scholarly journals Knowledge Enhancement about COVID-19 Prevention on Community with Webinar Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Ratih Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Knowledge Enhancement ◽  
And Control ◽  
At Home

COVID-19 is increasingly difficult to control. There is evidence of an increase in cases during the beginning of December. There needs to be community participation in prevention and control efforts anywhere (including at home, public facilities and workplaces). Webinars are a method that can be used during a pandemic to increase public knowledge. In this activity, the results showed that some of the participants were female in the age group less than 30 years old with status as students. There was a significant increase in knowledge (p-value = 0.000) of community groups who were provided with counseling through webinars of 9.17 points. It is necessary to expand the reach of people who get counseling through webinars so that information or knowledge about the prevention and handling of COVID-19 can be widely spread throughout Indonesia. 

Recent epidemiological trends in extrapulmonary TB in Galicia, Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-381
Author(s):  
L. Ferreiro ◽  
A. Ruano-Raviña ◽  
R. Otero-Mallo ◽  
C. Pou-Álvarez ◽  
V. Riveiro-Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Trends ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological trends and characteristics of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in Galicia, Spain, from 2000 to 2019.METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study based on data from the Galician TB information system.RESULTS: Of the total number of TB cases (n = 15,871), 5,428 (34.2%) had EPTB. The absolute number of cases and incidence of EPTB decreased dramatically (from 480 cases and 17.8 cases/100,000 in 2000, to 172 and 6.4 cases/100,000 in 2019, respectively), with a mean annual decrease of respectively 64% and 4.7% for absolute cases and incidence rates. The risk for EPTB was higher in men than in women (RR 3.86, 95% CI 3.66–4.07). The most frequent age group was 15–44 years (2,234 patients, 41.2%); overall reductions per age group were 82% (0–14 years), 75% (15–44 years), 44% (45–64 years) and 63% (≥65 years), with statistically significant differences. The most frequently locations were the pleura (1,916 cases; 35.3%) and the lymph nodes (1,504; 27.7%).CONCLUSION: The incidence of EPTB in Galicia has decreased significantly in the last 20 years. The epidemiological characteristics have not changed, except for the number of patients with risk factors. This improvement of EPTB epidemiological trends coincides with the implementation of the programme for the prevention and control of TB, which suggests that it has been very effective in the control of the EPTB.

scholarly journals Occupational Accidents Assessment by Field of Activity and Investigation Model for Prevention and Control

Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Ivascu ◽  
Lucian-Ionel Cioca
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Fatal Accidents ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
And Control ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
And Storage

The rate of occupational accidents is increasing, leading to a number of organizational deficiencies. For European Union (EU), the non-fatal accident number in 2017 was 3,315,101. An increase in the number of accidents is recorded in many of the member states. In addition, the increase in accidents tends to focus on certain sectors and is due more to the increase in the incidence rate than the increase in the workforce. Companies in these industry sectors have also implemented less intensive prevention practices than firms in other sectors. Performing a statistical evaluation of non-fatal and fatal accidents is an important one. This assessment helps managers understand the importance of implementing prevention and control methods across organizations. For this research, we used series of data obtained from the Romanian National Institute of Statistics (NIS), Labor Inspection in Romania, and Eurostatof the European Commission. Data series evaluations were conducted for the EU and Romania. A qualitative assessment of the industry data series had been carried out. Furthermore, T-tests and analysis of variance analysis (ANOVA) were performed to identify the relationships between the frequency index of fatal and non-fatal accidents, and the categories chosen. The values obtained for men were significantly higher than those of female workers. Based on the results of the qualitative assessment and European and national strategies, an experimental model for the prevention and control of occupational accidents is proposed. At the end of the paper, the situation of labor accidents in Romania and Bulgaria, two EU member states, is assessed in the agriculture, forestry and fishing, manufacturing, construction and transport, and storage sectors. A series of trends are presented for the period 2018–2020. The results obtained from the evaluation of the data series represent an important core of the Romanian Labor Inspectorate for the development of strategic actions.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Bovine Mastitis and its Diagnosis, Prevention, and Control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Audarya ◽  
D. Chhabra ◽  
R. Sharda ◽  
R. Gangil ◽  
R. Sikrodia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
The State ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
And Control

Mastitis is an inflammation of mammary glands that is prevalent in dairy bovines. It causes a significant proportion of economic losses to the dairy farmers in India. Cattle and buffalo farming contribute significantly to the economy of the state. Various infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi, and algae may cause mastitis. Hence, it is essential to understand the etiological agents and predisposing factors that lead to mastitis in susceptible bovine populations in Madhya Pradesh state so that appropriate prevention and control strategies can be implemented. In this chapter, epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and control measures of mastitis in general and in India, the state of Madhya Pradesh, in particular, will be presented.

scholarly journals Threatening trends in the use of bot pharms to the detrimation of the state interests of Ukraine: prevention and control mechanisms

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
A. YUSHKOV
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Special Services ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
And Control

The concepts and types of bots are considered. The signs and spheres of activity of bot farms are determined. The algorithm for creating and distributing fake pages is outlined. Procedures for responding to the dissemination of false and unreliable information within the current legislation of Ukraine are detailed. The achievements of the domestic special services in the direction of counteracting the illegal activities of bot farms, which are coordinated by curators from the Russian Federation, are highlighted. The task of pro-Russian bot farms in Ukraine is generalized. The principles of the state policy of combating fakes and propaganda on social networks are determined. The directions of improvements of the organizational and legal framework for the systematic counteraction to the functioning of crime bot farms as a threat to the state interests of Ukraine are specified.

scholarly journals Assessing the Health Loss from Kashin-Beck Disease and Its Relationship with Environmental Selenium in Qamdo District of Tibet, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Shengcheng Zhao ◽  
Linsheng Yang ◽  
Hongqiang Gong ◽  
Hairong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Health Loss ◽  
Years Lived With Disability ◽  
And Control ◽  
Beck Disease ◽  
Highland Barley

Kashin-Beck Disease (KBD) is one of major endemic diseases in China. In this study, we estimated the health loss from KBD in Qamdo district of Tibet using the years lived with disability (YLD) metric and investigated the influence of environmental selenium (Se) on it by multiple regression model. The results showed that YLD rates produced a different ranking of health loss of KBD from that produced by prevalence rates between Basu and Luolong County, with higher health loss from KBD (43.61 YLD/1000) but lower prevalence (17.86%) in Basu County. YLD rates in two counites were both highest for the 45–64 years age group. Compared with the prevalence rate, the YLD rate had a closer relation to environmental Se and was significantly negatively correlated with Se in both soil and highland barley. The multiple linear regression further revealed that Se contents in cultivated soil and highland barley were main influencing factors for the health loss of KBD, which could explain 90.5% of the variation in YLD rates. The information obtained highlights the significance of the YLD metric in exploring the environmental etiology of KBD and provides important information on which to base decisions on future prevention and control of endemic diseases.

scholarly journals Evolution of COVID-19 during the epidemiological week 16 to 53 of 2020 in the state of Acre Western Amazonia, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-435
Author(s):  
Edimilson Lima de Assis ◽  
Mauro José de Deus Morais ◽  
Jorge De Oliveira Eichemberg ◽  
Valéria Rigamonte Azevedo de Assis ◽  
Hugo Macedo Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
The State ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
State Capital ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: coronavirus is part of a group of RNA viruses belonging to the Coronaviridae family, widely distributed in humans and other mammals. Currently, it has been seriously affecting the whole world, without a definitive cure yet. Objective: to analyse the association between the HDI and confirmed cumulative cases of COVID-19 that occurred during epidemiological week 16 to 53 of 2020, in the State of Acre. Methods: this is an ecological study of descriptive time series, evaluating the State of Acre and its 22 municipalities affected by COVID-19, in the period corresponding to the epidemiological weeks 16 to 53 of 2020. The State of Acre and its municipalities are aggregated by five regions with a total of approximately 881 thousand inhabitants, with an HDI of 0.663. Rio Branco is the state capital with 407,000 inhabitants. The 22 municipalities were analyzed, relating the HDI variables, confirmed cases per day and number of inhabitants to each other. Results: it was observed that the population evaluated, affected by COVID-19 during SE 16 to 53 of 2020, in the State of Acre, had as predominant general characteristics brown skin color, male sex, and the evolution to death from the disease was related with older age and comorbidity. Acre had a mortality rate (deaths per 100,000 inhabitants) of 90.9 and a lethality rate of 1.9%, with the highest mortality rate observed in the municipality of Rio Branco (121.3/100,000 inhabitants) and lethality in Rodrigues Alves (2.9%). The incidence of COVID-19 in Acre was 4,759.9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, the municipalities of Assis Brasil and Xapuri had the highest incidences in the state with 10273.7 and 9330.8 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. Conclusion: although the accumulated numbers of cases are different for the same day, the behavior is very similar, that is, the curves vary in the same way over time, regardless of the municipality observed.

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