scholarly journals Mapping health vulnerabilities: exploring territorial profiles to support health policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 2459-2470
Author(s):  
Teresa Sá Marques ◽  
Márcio Ferreira ◽  
Miguel Saraiva ◽  
Teresa Forte ◽  
Gonçalo Santinha
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Vulnerability ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Use Of Health Services ◽  
Analytic Potential

Abstract Vulnerability processes and effects, albeit of great importance to cohesion and territorial policies, are nonetheless still underexplored and narrowly operationalized in scientific research. In particular, most assessments rely on economic indicators and a limited territorial scale, which do not have the same analytic potential of a broader view at a national level with regional/municipal similarities, specificities, and inter-connections. This gap also applies to health-related vulnerabilities, which, stemming from a lack of socioeconomic and environmental resources, has increased during and after the economic crisis of the past decade. This paper aims to analyze the health vulnerability phenomena in Portugal from a spatial perspective. Following a Multiple Correspondence Analysis, different territorial profiles of social vulnerability associated with the population health condition and access to and use of “health services” are identified. We conclude by outlining the importance of adding the spatial context to health policies addressing vulnerabilities and suggest avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Pathways to Mental Health–Related Treatment Among Caregiving Spouses

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 358-358
Author(s):  
Hyojin Choi ◽  
Kristin Litzelman ◽  
Molly Maher ◽  
Autumn Harnish
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Provider Type ◽  
Hospital Emergency Room ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Spouses of cancer survivors are 33% less likely to receive guideline-concordant depression treatment than other married adults. However, depression is only one of many manifestations of psychological distress for caregivers. This exploratory study sought to assess the paths by which caregivers access mental health-related treatment. Using nationally representative data from the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey, we assessed the proportion of caregivers who received a mental health-related prescription or psychotherapy visit across care settings (office based versus outpatient hospital, emergency room, or inpatient visit), provider type (psychiatric, primary care, other specialty, or other), and visit purpose (regular checkup, diagnosis and treatment, follow-up, psychotherapy, other). In addition, we assessed the health condition(s) associated with the treatment. The findings indicate that a plurality of caregivers accessed mental health-related treatment through an office-based visit (90%) with a primary care provider (47%). A minority accessed this care through a psychologist or psychiatrist (11%) or a physician with another specialty (12%) or other provider types. Nearly a third accessed treatment as part of a regular check-up (32%). These patterns did not differ from the general population after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Interestingly, mental health-related treatments were associated with a mental health diagnosis in only a minority of caregivers. The findings confirm the importance of regular primary care as a door way to mental healthcare, and highlight the range of potential paths to care. Future research will examine the correlates of accessing care across path types.

scholarly journals Biologic vs physiologic age in the transplant candidate

Hematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Artz
Keyword(s):  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Transplant Candidates ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) remains a cornerstone of treatment of many hematologic malignancies but transplant-associated morbidity and mortality limit application to older patients. Biologic or chronologic age barriers to HCT have fallen, because patients in their 8th decade of life comprise the group with the greatest rise in transplant use over the past decade. Evaluating physiologic age or general health in older transplant candidates requires a systematic approach inclusive of functional and comorbidity assessment, which typically is accomplished through geriatric assessment (GA). GA incorporates measures of comorbidity, function, nutrition, social support, and other health-related domains to better describe physiologic age. Older allogeneic transplant patients have a surprisingly high prevalence of vulnerabilities by GA prior to transplant, and significant comorbidity or functional limitations heighten the risks of transplant-related mortality. Ultimately, incorporation of physiologic age can improve estimates of nondisease life expectancy, prognostic survival after HCT, and inform HCT candidacy. Future research on the optimal tools to characterize physiologic age and appropriate interventions in the context of transplant are needed.

Current Themes in Social Marketing Research: Text-Mining the past Five Years

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Related Application

Social marketing has advanced rapidly from its beginnings almost 40 years ago. This commentary takes a look at the current themes in published social marketing research by using text-mining to analyze articles published in the past 5 years. It also discusses the areas for future research, especially the need for published social marketing research to expand from mostly health-related application to other areas.

Old-growth forest reserves in Slovenia: the past, present, and future

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 240-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Nagel ◽  
Jurij Diaci ◽  
Dusan Rozenbergar ◽  
Tihomir Rugani ◽  
Dejan Firm
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
The Past ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Old-growth forest reserves in Slovenia: the past, present, and future Slovenia has a small number of old-growth forest remnants, as well as many forest reserves approaching old-growth conditions. In this paper, we describe some of the basic characteristics of these old-growth remnants and the history of their protection in Slovenia. We then trace the long-term development of research in these old-growth remnants, with a focus on methodological changes. We also review some of the recent findings from old-growth research in Slovenia and discuss future research needs. The conceptual understanding of how these forests work has slowly evolved, from thinking of them in terms of stable systems to more dynamic and unpredictable ones due to the influence of natural disturbances and indirect human influences. In accordance with this thinking, the methods used to study old-growth forests have changed from descriptions of stand structure to studies that address natural processes and ecosystem functions.

Chinese Medicine Protein and Peptide in Gene and Cell Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinlu Feng ◽  
Zifei Yin ◽  
Daniel Zhang ◽  
Arun Srivastava ◽  
Chen Ling
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Gene And Cell Therapy ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

The success of gene and cell therapy in clinic during the past two decades as well as our expanding ability to manipulate these biomaterials are leading to new therapeutic options for a wide range of inherited and acquired diseases. Combining conventional therapies with this emerging field is a promising strategy to treat those previously-thought untreatable diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved for thousands of years in China and still plays an important role in human health. As part of the active ingredients of TCM, proteins and peptides have attracted long-term enthusiasm of researchers. More recently, they have been utilized in gene and cell therapy, resulting in promising novel strategies to treat both cancer and non-cancer diseases. This manuscript presents a critical review on this field, accompanied with perspectives on the challenges and new directions for future research in this emerging frontier.

Attraction of prey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Horner ◽  
Bartosz J. Płachno ◽  
Ulrike Bauer ◽  
Bruno Di Giusto
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Carnivorous Plants ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Prey Attraction

The ability to attract prey has long been considered a universal trait of carnivorous plants. We review studies from the past 25 years that have investigated the mechanisms by which carnivorous plants attract prey to their traps. Potential attractants include nectar, visual, olfactory, and acoustic cues. Each of these has been well documented to be effective in various species, but prey attraction is not ubiquitous among carnivorous plants. Directions for future research, especially in native habitats in the field, include: the qualitative and quantitative analysis of visual cues, volatiles, and nectar; temporal changes in attractants; synergistic action of combinations of attractants; the cost of attractants; and responses to putative attractants in electroantennograms and insect behavioral tests.

Flavor halos andconsumer perceptions offood healthfulness

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-707
Author(s):  
Nguyen Pham ◽  
Maureen Morrin ◽  
Melissa G. Bublitz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Dietary Compliance ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Cough Syrup

Purpose This paper aims to examine how repeated exposure to health-related products that contain flavors (e.g. cherry-flavored cough syrup) create “flavor halos” that can bias perceptions about the healthfulness of foods that contain the same flavors (e.g. cherry-flavored cheesecake). Design/methodology/approach Six experiments, using both between- and within-subjects designs, explore the effects of flavor halos in hypothetical and actual consumption settings. They test the underlying mechanism, rule out competing explanations and identify an opportunity to correct the cognitive biases created by flavor halos. Findings Flavor halos can be created via repeated exposure to flavored medicinal products in the marketplace. These flavor halos bias dieters’ judgments about the healthfulness of vice foods containing such flavors. Dieters are motivated toward a directional conclusion about food healthfulness to mediate the guilt associated with consuming indulgent products. Providing dieters with corrective information mitigates these effects. Research limitations/implications The authors examine one way flavor halos are created –via repeated exposure to flavored medicinal products. Future research should explore other ways flavor halos are created and other ways to mitigate their effects. Practical implications Considering the prevalence of obesity, organizations striving to help consumers pursue health goals (e.g. weight watchers) can use flavors to improve dietary compliance. Health-care organizations can help consumers understand and correct the cognitive biases associated with flavor halos. Originality/value By identifying flavor halos, this work adds to the literature investigating how flavors influence consumers’ judgments about healthfulness. The results suggest dieters apply flavor halos as they engage in motivated reasoning to license their indulgent desires.

scholarly journals A gold mine, but still no Klondike: Nordic register data in health inequalities research

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjetil A. Van Der Wel ◽  
Olof Östergren ◽  
Olle Lundberg ◽  
Kaarina Korhonen ◽  
Pekka Martikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Register Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Acquisition Processes

Aims: Future research on health inequality relies on data that cover life-course exposure, different birth cohorts and variation in policy contexts. Nordic register data have long been celebrated as a ‘gold mine’ for research, and fulfil many of these criteria. However, access to and use of such data are hampered by a number of hurdles and bottlenecks. We present and discuss the experiences of an ongoing Nordic consortium from the process of acquiring register data on socio-economic conditions and health in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Methods: We compare experiences of data-acquisition processes from a researcher’s perspective in the four countries and discuss the comparability of register data and the modes of collaboration available to researchers, given the prevailing ethical and legal restrictions. Results: The application processes we experienced were time-consuming, and decision structures were often fragmented. We found substantial variation between the countries in terms of processing times, costs and the administrative burden of the researcher. Concerned agencies differed in policy and practice which influenced both how and when data were delivered. These discrepancies present a challenge to comparative research. Conclusions: We conclude that there are few signs of harmonisation, as called for by previous policy documents and research papers. Ethical vetting needs to be centralised both within and between countries in order to improve data access. Institutional factors that seem to facilitate access to register data at the national level include single storage environments for health and social data, simplified ethical vetting and user guidance.

scholarly journals Normative Aspects of Nudging in the International Sphere

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
Doron Teichman ◽  
Eyal Zamir
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Posthumous Organ Donation ◽  
Regulatory Problems

The use of nudges—“low-cost, choice-preserving, behaviorally informed approaches to regulatory problems”—has become quite popular at the national level in the past decade or so. Examples include changing the default concerning employees’ saving for retirement in a bid to encourage such saving; altering the default about consent to posthumous organ donation to increase the supply of organs for transplantation; and informing people about other people's energy consumption to spur them to reduce theirs. Nudges are therefore used to promote the welfare of the people being nudged, and of society at large. However, the use of nudges has sparked a lively normative debate. When turning to the international arena, new arguments for and against nudges can be raised. This essay focuses on the normative aspects of using nudges in the international arena.

scholarly journals Evolution of knowledge on meniscal biomechanics: a 40 year perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Mohamadi ◽  
Kaveh Momenzadeh ◽  
Aidin Masoudi ◽  
Kempland C. Walley ◽  
Kenny Ierardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Cruciate Ligaments ◽  
Fe Modeling ◽  
Meniscal Tears ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Kinematic Studies

Abstract Background Knowledge regarding the biomechanics of the meniscus has grown exponentially throughout the last four decades. Numerous studies have helped develop this knowledge, but these studies have varied widely in their approach to analyzing the meniscus. As one of the subcategories of mechanical phenomena Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, mechanical stress was introduced in 1973. This study aims to provide an up-to-date chronological overview and highlights the evolutionary comprehension and understanding of meniscus biomechanics over the past forty years. Methods A literature review was conducted in April 2021 through PubMed. As a result, fifty-seven papers were chosen for this narrative review and divided into categories; Cadaveric, Finite element (FE) modeling, and Kinematic studies. Results Investigations in the 1970s and 1980s focused primarily on cadaveric biomechanics. These studies have generated the fundamental knowledge basis for the emergence of FE model studies in the 1990s. As FE model studies started to show comparable results to the gold standard cadaveric models in the 2000s, the need for understanding changes in tissue stress during various movements triggered the start of cadaveric and FE model studies on kinematics. Conclusion This study focuses on a chronological examination of studies on meniscus biomechanics in order to introduce concepts, theories, methods, and developments achieved over the past 40 years and also to identify the likely direction for future research. The biomechanics of intact meniscus and various types of meniscal tears has been broadly studied. Nevertheless, the biomechanics of meniscal tears, meniscectomy, or repairs in the knee with other concurrent problems such as torn cruciate ligaments or genu-valgum or genu-varum have not been extensively studied.

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