scholarly journals Urinary tract infection and indwelling urinary catheters: prospective study in gynecological surgery with antibiotic prophylaxis

2015 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Carraro-Eduardo ◽  
Daniela da Silva Alves ◽  
Ingrid Ellis Hinden ◽  
Ivan Penaloza Toledano ◽  
Sarah Gomes Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Gynecological Surgery ◽  
Urinary Catheters ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Catheter Design ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Urinary tract infections are the most common cause of hospital-acquired infections, and the use of indwelling urinary catheters is a predisposing factor for their development. The aims of this study were to estimate the frequency of pre and postoperative bacteriuria, identify the microorganisms involved, count the colony-forming units, determine the antibiotic sensitivity profile and compare the results from pre and postoperative urinalyses among women undergoing gynecological surgery with implantation of a urinary catheter. DESIGN AND SETTING: Non-controlled prospective observational single-cohort epidemiological study carried out at a university hospital. METHODS: Urine samples were collected before and 24 hours after catheterization for urinalysis, culturing and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Pre and postoperative urinalyses were compared using Wilcoxon and McNemar non-parametric tests. RESULTS: Fifty-one women participated in the study. Escherichia coligrew in six preoperative samples (11.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae in one (1.9%), but bacterial growth did not occur in any postoperative sample. Urinalysis showed lower number of pus cells in the postoperative urine samples (P < 0.05). There were no differences in red blood cell counts or in the nitrite and leukocyte esterase tests, between the samples. CONCLUSION: Bacteriuria was found in 13.7% of the preoperative samples. Gram-negative bacteria sensitive to most antibiotics were identified. In the postoperative samples, no bacterial growth was observed. Urinalysis only showed significant reduction of leukocyturia in the postoperative period.

Prevalence Of Urinary Tract Infections (Utis) Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic At Ile –Ife, Southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S133-S133
Author(s):  
A Oladipo ◽  
J A Onifade
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Introduction/Objective This is a prospective study that reports the prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and the bacteriological causative agents among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at a Secondary Care Hospital in Ile Ife, South western Nigeria. 335 mid-stream clean catch urine samples were collected from pregnant women between April -July 2017. Methods These were cultured for the presence of bacterial pathogens. All the isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing on Mueller Hinton agar by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique using CLSI, guidelines. Data were analysed using SPSS for Windows version 16 and WHONET 5. Results A total of 190 showed significant bacterial growth while 145 showed no significant bacterial growth. Bacterial agents isolated included Klebsiella spp. showing the highest occurrence of [60(31.5%) followed by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with prevalences of [49(25.7%) and [32(16.8%) respectively. Other organisms implicated are Proteus mirabilis [20(10.5%), Coagulase Negative Staphylococci [24(12.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the least prevalence of [5(2.6%). Resistant to antibiotics such as amoxycilin 64%, gentamicin 52.6%, erythromycin 62.5%, ceftazidime 69%, cefotaxime 74%, ceftriaxone 79.6% while a high sensitivity to tetracycline (88.5%), nitrofurantoin (96.3%), imipenem (100%) respectively. Conclusion This study indicated a high prevalence of UTIs (56.7%) in pregnant women though most of them showed no clinical manifestation.

Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Ile-Ife, Southwestern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S128-S129
Author(s):  
Jaiyeola Onifade ◽  
Adegboyega Oladipo
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Objectives This is a prospective study that reports the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and the bacteriological causative agents among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at a secondary care hospital in Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria. In total, 335 midstream clean-catch urine samples were collected from pregnant women between April and July 2017. Methods These were cultured for the presence of bacterial pathogens. All the isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing on Mueller Hinton agar by a modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique using CLSI guidelines. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 16 and WHONET 5. Results A total of 190 showed significant bacterial growth while 145 showed no significant bacterial growth. Bacterial agents isolated included Klebsiella spp. showing the highest occurrence of 60 (31.5%), followed by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with prevalences of 49 (25.7%) and 32 (16.8%), respectively. Other organisms implicated are Proteus mirabilis (20 [10.5%]), coagulase-negative staphylococci (24 [12.3%]), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the least prevalence (5 [2.6%]). They have a resistance to antibiotics such as amoxycillin (64%), gentamicin (52.6%), erythromycin (62.5%), ceftazidime (69%), cefotaxime (74%), and ceftriaxone (79.6%) but a high sensitivity to tetracycline (88.5%), nitrofurantoin (96.3%), and imipenem (100%), respectively. Conclusion This study indicated a high prevalence of UTIs (56.7%) in pregnant women, though most of them showed no clinical manifestation.

Urinary tract infection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Grabe ◽  
Björn Wullt
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Tract Infections

Infections of the urinary tract are among the most frequent infections encountered in the community and hospital environments. They range from harmless self-curing cystitis to severe pyelonephritis with life-threatening sepsis. Urinary tract infections are often recurrent. Host defence is crucial to control the infection but can also be deleterious in terms of scar formation. Early diagnosis, determination of severity, evaluation of possible risk factors, and assumption of possible pathogen are essential aspects to initiate efficient treatment. Urine culture with antibiotic sensitivity testing is the most important tool to confirm a suspected clinical diagnosis and direct treatment. Patients with urological disease are particularly susceptible to urinary tract infections, and healthcare-associated urinary infections are observed in approximately 10% of hospitalized urological patients. In view of the worsening resistance pattern of common urinary pathogens against available antimicrobial agents, it is important to comply with recommended treatment regimens.

Determination of ESBL Production & Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections: A Study from Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Gunjal P. N. ◽  
Gunjal S. P.
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection (UTI), is defined as a disease caused by invasion of urinary tract by microorganisms. Majority of UTI cases are due to bacterial infection constitute about 95% of total UTI cases. About 80% of UTI cases are caused by E.coli producing extended spectrum ?-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates. In recent years limitations in treating infections caused by multidrug resistant organisms has increased. This study aims to determine ESBL production of E. coli cases from a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A total 358 midstream urine samples were collected by random sampling method during March 2015 to June 2018. Identification, antibiotic sensitivity testing, performed according to standard protocol following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines, 2013. Screening for ESBL producing E.coli isolates performed using ceftazidime further confirmation done by phenotypic disc diffusion test using combined disc method using ceftazidime (30µg) & ceftazidime/ clavulanic acid (30/10 µg) as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Total 358 specimens processed for urine culture. Gram negative bacilli isolated from 123(34.35 %), out of which 68 (55.28%) were E.coli, 19 (15.44%) K. pneumoniae, 15 (12.19%), Pseudomonas spp. 08 (6.50%), Citrobacter spp and Acinetobacter spp, 03 (2.43%), Proteus mirabilis, 01 (0.81%) Proteus vulgaris and Enterobacter respectively. Out of 68 isolates of E.coli, 65 (95.58%) were MDR, ESBL was detected in 31 (47.69%) out of these 65 isolates. Out of these 31 cases 19 (61.29%) were female and 12 (38.70%) were male cases. Conclusion: This study concludes 47.69% ESBL producing MDR E. coli were isolated from UTI cases with female predominance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a phenotypic, point-of-care solution for the detection and quantitative antibiotic susceptibility testing for lower Urinary Tract Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronal Turner ◽  
Rachel Kirkby ◽  
Emma Meader ◽  
John R Wain
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity ◽  
Tract Infections

Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections seen in primary care. The current standard for the definitive diagnosis of a UTI is culture and sensitivity testing of a mid-stream urine sample at a clinical laboratory; however, this technique is costly, labour intensive and is not directly relevant clinically - typically taking 2-3 days to yield a result. Study design and Objective This is a nonexperimental cross-sectional study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of U-treat, a bioluminescent approach for rapid detection of bacteriuria and quantitative determination of the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of uropathogens in clinical urine specimens - in under an hour. Method The evaluation was carried out in two UK-based Medical Centres using urine samples from patients presenting with symptoms of a UTI (n=249). The U-treat technology is a two test, two reagent process. Test 1 detects the presence of a bacterial UTI > 104 bacteria/mL (5-10 minutes). Test 2 produces quantitative antibiotic susceptibility (<50 minutes). Only urine samples testing positive for bacteria in Test 1 underwent Test 2 (n=82). U-treat results were compared retrospectively against reference laboratory culture and sensitivity findings. The influence of the technology on patient treatment outcomes was also analysed. Results Relative to reference laboratory analysis, Test 1 showed a sensitivity of 97.1% and specificity of 92.0%. (PPV: 89.3%; NPV: 97.8%). Test 2 produced an overall sensitivity (measurement of true susceptibility) of 94.1% (Predictive value: 96%) and an overall specificity (measurement of true resistance) of 90.5% (Predictive value 86.4%). Analysis of treatment data demonstrated that had the physicians had access to U-treat results at the point of care, the percentage of patients treated successfully would have risen from 68.3% to 92.7%. Conclusion U-treat represents the first technology, world-wide, capable of providing UTI treatment data to physicians at the point of care, in less than 60 minutes.

Detection of KPC-2 gene in K. pneumoniae, E. coli and P. mirabilis isolated from Urine sample of Urinary Tract Infection patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2292-2295
Author(s):  
Nargis . ◽  
Tayyab ur Rehman ◽  
Liaqat Ali ◽  
Hanif Khan ◽  
Madina .
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Gene 4

Background: Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is an uprising problem worldwide. KPC is one of the important mechanisms of resistance in Enterobacteriaceae such as K. pneumoniae. Aims and Objectives: The current research focuses on the frequency of the KPC -2 gene in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from urine samples, as well as antibiotic resistance patterns. Methodology: Antibiotic sensitivity patterns were examined on 53 carbapenem-resistant isolates from the Enterobacteriaceae family. These isolates were subjected to the Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and PCR for KPC 2 gene identification. Results: A total of 150 urine samples were processed for the isolation of the most prevalent Enterobacteriaceae. 125 Gram-negative bacterial isolates were obtained in which the consistency of K. pneumonia was 50(40%),E. colin was 55(44%), and P. mirabilis was 20(16%). The test for susceptibility of antibioticresulted that among50 Klebsiella pneumoniae 40% were resistant to Imipenem, while in E. coli 54.4% and P. mirabilis 30 % were resistant to Imipenem respectively. PCR results show the gene KPC-2 out of 15 (75%) 2 (13.2%) Modified Hodge Test Positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. In total 83.3% (n=25) E. coli Modified Hodge Test positive and for the KPC-2 gene 4% were positive. Conclusion:This research demonstrates that in Enterobacteriaceae there isexistence of carbapenem resistance. Surveillance research and complete antibiotic prescription standards should be established at Pakistan's various hospitals to stop the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Key Words: Enterobacteriaceae, Urinary Tract Infections, Carbapenem, Modified Hodge test

scholarly journals Pattern of antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria causing urinary tract infection in a private medical college hospital in Dhaka

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Shahin Sultana ◽  
Marium Khatun ◽  
Md Khoybar Ali ◽  
Nurunnahar Mawla ◽  
Nayareen Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Frequency Rate ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI), being the most common infections diagnosed in community and hospital, are to be treated scrupulously considering the type of infecting organism and its antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern. Aims and objectives: The aim of the present study was to observe the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolated uropathogens from urine samples of patients attending at Shahabuddin Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, during the period of July 2008 to June 2009. Result: A total of 555 urine samples were studied; of which 84 (15.13%) were culture positive. Among 84 culture positive cases, 84 isolates were identified. Among the isolates, E.coli was the most predominant 61 (62.88%) followed by Enterococci 11 (11.34%), proteus 4 (4.13%) and Pseudomonas 3 (3.09%). Whereas Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Klebsiella showed frequency rate of 2 (2.06%) for each. However Gram positive cocci showed lowest frequency rate of 1 (1.03%). All of the isolates were sensitive to Netilmicin. The majority of isolates were sensitive to Imipenam (92.3%) followed by Amikacin (91.1%), Meropenam (83.3 %), Tetracycline (70%). Sensitivity & resistance rate were same (50%) in Vancomycin & Cefodoxime. Where complete (100%) resistance was shown to Ampicillin, Azithromycin and Cefoxitin. However all isolates were poorly sensitive to cotrimoxazole (35.7%), ciprofloxacin (43%) and nitrofurantoin (44.8%). Conclusion: So, routine urine culture and susceptibility before therapy should be encouraged and periodic evaluation of predominant organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern should be studied for appropriate selection of antibiotic for effective management of UTI cases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v14i1.21562 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(1) 2015 p.70-74

scholarly journals 1464. The Utility of Double Balloon Urinary Catheter in Reducing Rates of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S534-S534
Author(s):  
Ju Hee Katzman ◽  
Cristina Vanessa Garcia ◽  
Seetha Lakshmi ◽  
Peggy Thompson ◽  
Lennox Archibald
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Urinary Catheters ◽  
Double Balloon ◽  
Catheter Design ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) have been shown to increase hospital length of stay, healthcare costs, morbidity, and mortality. Studies that evaluate the role of urinary catheter design in preventing CAUTI are lacking. One such design is the double-balloon (DB) urinary catheter that has a second distal balloon; this design is aimed at reducing mucosal injury and inhibiting coiling of the in situ catheter. We carried out a comparative study to (a) determine whether CAUTI rates differ for different types of urinary catheters, and (b) identify risk factors associated with the acquisition of CAUTI in patients with DB vs. non-double-balloon (NDB) urinary catheters. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients who acquired CAUTI from January 2017 through December 2018. We collected age, sex, body mass index, medical history including benign prostatic hypertrophy, urinary tract infection (UTI), prostate cancer, stroke, surgery within the last 30 days including the type of surgery, indication for indwelling urinary catheter, location of catheter insertion, duration of catheterization, presence of pyuria, and type of catheter used. Statistical analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS software. Test statistics included independent sample t-test. CAUTI rates were expressed per 1000 catheter-days. Results Sixty-seven patients acquired CAUTI during the study period. NDB catheters included the following types: Foley, temperature sensing catheters, and coude catheters. Patients with DB and NDB catheters were similar in age, gender, diabetes, history of stroke, history of recent surgery, or history of UTI. CAUTI rates among patients with the DB catheters was 28 events per 29,018 catheter-days vs. 39 events per 33,579 catheter days for NDB type (P = NS). On stratification, CAUTI rates for foley, temperature sensing catheters, and coude catheters were 1.12, 1.27 and 2.70, respectively (P = NS). Conclusion There were no statistically significant differences in CAUTI rates at our facility among patients with DB vs. NDB urinary catheters. The decision on the choice of the catheter for use in our facility will likely depend on the comparative costs of the respective catheters. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Frequency and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogenic agents of urinary tract infections among asymptomatic diabetic patients in Okada community, southern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruqayyah B. Adegbite ◽  
Hammed O. Ojokuku ◽  
Kamoru A. Adedokun ◽  
Musiliu A. Oyenike ◽  
Ramat T. Kamorudeen
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Tract Infections

Massive evidence showed that patients with diabetes have a high risk of urinary tract infections. We studied the frequency of potential urinary uropathogens among diabetic patients and identified their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. This was a prospective hospital-based study conducted at the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Southern Nigeria, between January 2014 and May, 2014. We included 240 previously confirmed diabetic patients (women, n=70 and men, n=170) who were regularly followed up without prior treatment with any antimicrobial therapy and within the age range of 26-75 years. Patient personal history data and midstream urine samples were collected. Urine samples were processed in the laboratory following a Standard Laboratory Protocol. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp. and Candida spp. were isolated in this study. A significant bacteriuria count was estimated in 12.5% of the sampled population, while 17.1 and 10.6% were estimated in females and males, respectively. Similarly, candiduria was found in female, male and total sample in 12.9%, 2.9%, and 5.8%, in that order. According to antimicrobial sensitivity testing, the Gram-negative bacilli isolated were highly sensitive to nitrofurantoin followed by ofloxacin, gentamycin and least sensitive to cefuroxime. Estimation of potential uropathogens among asymptomatic diabetic populations may avert possible urinary tract infections and their possible complications ultimately and thus prevent possible advanced renal diseases.

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