scholarly journals Frequency and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogenic agents of urinary tract infections among asymptomatic diabetic patients in Okada community, southern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruqayyah B. Adegbite ◽  
Hammed O. Ojokuku ◽  
Kamoru A. Adedokun ◽  
Musiliu A. Oyenike ◽  
Ramat T. Kamorudeen
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Tract Infections

Massive evidence showed that patients with diabetes have a high risk of urinary tract infections. We studied the frequency of potential urinary uropathogens among diabetic patients and identified their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. This was a prospective hospital-based study conducted at the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Southern Nigeria, between January 2014 and May, 2014. We included 240 previously confirmed diabetic patients (women, n=70 and men, n=170) who were regularly followed up without prior treatment with any antimicrobial therapy and within the age range of 26-75 years. Patient personal history data and midstream urine samples were collected. Urine samples were processed in the laboratory following a Standard Laboratory Protocol. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp. and Candida spp. were isolated in this study. A significant bacteriuria count was estimated in 12.5% of the sampled population, while 17.1 and 10.6% were estimated in females and males, respectively. Similarly, candiduria was found in female, male and total sample in 12.9%, 2.9%, and 5.8%, in that order. According to antimicrobial sensitivity testing, the Gram-negative bacilli isolated were highly sensitive to nitrofurantoin followed by ofloxacin, gentamycin and least sensitive to cefuroxime. Estimation of potential uropathogens among asymptomatic diabetic populations may avert possible urinary tract infections and their possible complications ultimately and thus prevent possible advanced renal diseases.

scholarly journals High multidrug resistance in urinary tract infections in a tertiary hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
S. Shakya ◽  
J. Edwards ◽  
H. A. Gupte ◽  
S. Shrestha ◽  
B. M. Shakya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tract Infections

SETTING: Tribhuvan University Teaching Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, May–October 2019.OBJECTIVE: 1) To describe the bacteriological profile, 2) to identify the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern, and 3) to find the demographic characteristics associated with the presence of bacterial growth and multidrug resistance (MDR) in adult urine samples undergoing culture and drug susceptibility testing.DESIGN: This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study using routine laboratory records.RESULTS: Among 11,776 urine samples, 16% (1,865/11,776) were culture-positive, predominantly caused by Escherichia coli (1,159/1,865; 62%). We found a high prevalence of resistance to at least one antibiotic (1,573/1,865; 84%) and MDR (1,000/1,865; 54%). Resistance to commonly used antibiotics for urinary tract infections (UTIs) such as ceftazidime, levofloxacin, cefepime and ampicillin was high. Patients aged 60 years (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.4–1.7) were more likely to have culture positivity. Patients with age 45 years (45–59 years: aPR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3–1.7; 60 years: aPR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.6), male sex (aPR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.5) and from inpatient settings (aPR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.7) had significantly higher prevalence of MDR.CONCLUSION: Urine samples from a tertiary hospital showed high prevalence of E. coli and MDR to routinely used antibiotics, especially among inpatients. Regular surveillance and application of updated antibiograms are crucial to monitor the AMR situation in Nepal.

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Type II Diabetics and non Diabetics: Risk factors, Bacterial types and their corresponding resistance pattern

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 02-02
Author(s):  
Khalil Y. Abujheisha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthy Persons

Introduction: Silent Bacteruria or asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) means the existence of bacteria in urine without clinical signs or symptoms of the host. Both diabetic and non diabetic patients have the possibility of urinary tract infections with or without symptoms. Bacteria cause asymptomatic bacteriuria are colonizing flora which usually arise from the vagina, gut, or periurethral area. The risk of asymptomatic bacteriuria is greater among diabetic and non-diabetic patients particularly women. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is considered clinically significant and worth treating primarily in pregnant women. Objectives: In this study, we examined the silent bacteriuria among diabetics and healthy persons, type of strains, and their corresponding resistance pattern. Materials and Methods: A total of 220 diabetic patients and 70 healthy persons were subjected to study. Diabetic patients without malignancies, asthma or heart diseases, symptoms free regarding urinary tract infection and without prior antibiotic administration were included. Blood sample obtained from all subjects study under aseptic technique for fasting blood sugar and HbA1C. Urine samples were collected, All urine samples were passed to cultivation on suitable culture media. Plates of more than two clinical isolates from the same patient were considered to be contaminated. Plates showing more than 104 CFUs/ mL were considered significant ASB and subjected for confirmation of bacterial type and antibiotic susceptibility test. Results: From diabetics urine samples, 21(9.55%) and from healthy persons 3(4.3%) showed significant bacterial growth. In both diabetics and non-diabetics, women demonstrated a far higher prevalence of ASB than men. The high the HbA1c, the more possibility of positive ASB. In 66,7% of ASB, E. coli was the main uropathogens, followed by K. pneumoniae. These species showed identical antibiotic resistance patterns. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance of routine urine culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing for diabetic patients who have risk factors identified. ASB should be treated in order to avoid potential serious renal complications. Amikacin, Gentamicin, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Fosfomycin, and Ciprofloxacin are recomended for treatment of ASB while Ampicillin is not.

Urinary Tract Infections in Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Etiology, Resistance to Antibacterial Chemicals and Virulence Features

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Magdalena Mitache ◽  
Carmen Curutiu ◽  
Elena Rusu ◽  
Ramona Bahna ◽  
Mara Ditu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Diabetes Patients

One of the most frequent chronic complications occurred in diabetes patients are the urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to investigate the incidence of UTIs in a cohort of 93 (47 males: 46 females) diabetic patients, the prevalence of different microbial species involved and their virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles. The identification of the uropathogenic strains in the positive urine samples was performed using conventional methods and API tests. After identification, the antibiotic susceptibility profiles were established by the standardized disk diffusion method and double disk diffusion test was performed for the confirmation of ESBL and inducible AmpC b �lactamase phenotypes. The isolated strains were tested for the production of different cell associated and soluble virulence factors, i.e.: bacterial adherence to cellular substrata (HeLa cells), hemolysins (hemolysis spot, CAMP-like), amylase, caseinase, aesculin hydrolysis, DNA-ase, lipase and lecithinase. In the analyzed group, the total prevalence of UTIs was of 46%, a higher incidence being observed in the female patients (64%). Similar to other studies, the etiology of UTI in the investigated diabetes patients was dominated by E. coli, followed by Klebsiella sp. strains. The isolated strains preserved good susceptibility rates to quinolones and aminoglycosides and revealed important virulence features, related to their capacity to colonize the cellular substratum and to produce soluble virulence factors involved in persistence, colonization and progression of the infectious process. The high percentage of beta-lactam resistant strains (including carbapenem-resistant ones) requires careful surveillance of the dynamics of susceptibility profiles for limiting the emergence of these strains in community.

scholarly journals Determination of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin susceptibility among urinary Escherichia coli isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3274
Author(s):  
Rachana Kanaujia ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Malay Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections. For treatment of UTIs, there are limited antibiotics due to increased resistance among uropathogens. Two older antibiotics; Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin have become novel oral therapeutic options against uropathogens. Aim of the study was to identify UTI causing micro-organisms and evaluate in-vitro activity of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin against most common isolated organism (E. coli).Methods: Results of urine samples culture and susceptibility testing over a period of 1 year were analysed and included in this study.Results: Micro-organisms were isolated from 568 urine samples. Most commonly isolated organism was Escherichia coli (40.50%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (20.07%) and Staphylococcus spp. (17.07%). Susceptibility of E. coli to nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin was 91.74% and 65.65% respectively. Conclusion: Good activity of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin against E. coli indicates that these two drugs are potential therapeutic alternatives for urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Uropathogenic E. Coli Isolates from Jordanian Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacoub R. Nairoukh ◽  
Azmi M. Mahafzah ◽  
Amal Irshaid ◽  
Asem A. Shehabi
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
St131 Clone

Background: Emergence of multi-drug resistant uropathogenic E. coli strains is an increasing problem to empirical treatment of urinary tract infections in many countries. This study investigated the magnitude of this problem in Jordan. Methods: A total of 262 E. coli isolates were recovered from urine samples of Jordanian patients which were suspected to have urinary tract infections (UTIs). All isolates were primarily identified by routine biochemical tests and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by disc diffusion method. Fifty representative Multidrug Resistance (MDR) E. coli isolates to 3 or more antibiotic classes were tested for the presence of resistance genes of blaCTX-M- 1, 9 and 15, carbapenemase (blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48), fluoroquinolones mutated genes (parC and gyrA) and clone of ST131 type using PCR methods. Results: A total of 150/262 (57.3%) of E. coli isolates were MDR. Urine samples of hospitalized patients showed significantly more MDR isolates than outpatients. Fifty representative MDR E. coli isolates indicated the following molecular characteristics: All were positive for mutated parC gene and gyrA and for ST131 clone, and 78% were positive for genes of CTX-M-15, 76% for CTX-M-I and for 8% CTX-M-9, respectively. Additionally, all 50 MDR E. coli isolates were negative for carbapenemase genes (blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48), except of one isolate was positive for blaKPC-2 . Conclusion: This study indicates alarming high rates recovery of MDR uropathogenic E. coli from Jordanian patients associated with high rates of positive ST131 clone, fluoroquinolone resistant and important types of blaCTX-M.

scholarly journals PREVALÊNCIA DE INFECÇÃO URINÁRIA E DE Actinomyces suis EM PORCAS GESTANTES E SUA CORRELAÇÃO COM ALGUNS PARÂMETROS FÍSICOS E QUÍMICOS DA URINA

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. ALBERTON ◽  
P.R. WERNER ◽  
J. SOBESTIANSKY ◽  
O.D. COSTA ◽  
W. BARIONI JÚNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Physical And Chemical

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de infecção urinária e da bactéria Actinomyces suis na urina de 1745 porcas gestantes da região Sul do Brasil e correlacionar essa prevalência com parâmetros físicos e químicos da urina. A prevalência de infecção urinária e de A. suis foi de 28,31% e 20,63%, respectivamente. Observou-se correlação negativa entre infecção urinária e A. suis, ou seja, as porcas que apresentaram infecção urinária tinham menor prevalência de A. suis (13,67%) do que as que não a apresentaram (23,12%). Da mesma forma, as porcas portadoras de A. suis, tinham menor prevalência de infecção urinária (17,43%) do que as não portadoras (28,62%). Apenas 3,60% das porcas examinadas eram positivas para infecção urinária e A. suis simultaneamente. A cor predominante da urina foi a amarelo claro, tanto para as porcas portadoras ou não portadoras de infecção urinária ou de A. suis. Constatou-se a presença de turbidez em 83,15% das amostras, sendo que em 96,18% das amostras turvas observou-se a presença de cristais. Finalmente, a cor, aspecto, densidade, pH e presença de cristais, foram considerados como parâmetros sem valor para o diagnóstico presuntivo de infecção urinária em porcas gestantes. Prevalence of urinary tract infections and of Actinomyces suis in urine from pregnant sows. Correlation with some urine’s physical and chemical parameters Abstract A survey has been carried out in urine samples from 1745 pregnant sows from Southern Brazil, in regard to the prevalence of urinary infections and of Actinomyces suis and its correlation with some of the urine physical and chemical parameters. Prevalence of urinary infections was of 28.31% and that of A. suis, 20.63%. However, a negative correlation has been found between the incidence of urinary infection and the presence of A. suis, the prevalence of the latter being lower in sows which are positive for urinary infections (13.67%) than in those without urinary infection (23.12%). At the same time, sows positive for A. suis display a lesser number of urinary infection (17.43%) than those negative for the bacteria (28.62%). Only in 3.60% of the sows, urinary infection and A. suis occurred simultaneously. Due to the presence of crystals, turbidity was frequently observed in sow’s urine (83.15%). Crystals were present in 96.18% of sow’s turbid urine samples. Furthermore, color, turbidity, density, pH and the presence of crystals were not considered of value for the presumptive diagnosis of urinary tract infections in pregnant sows.

Urinary tract infection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Grabe ◽  
Björn Wullt
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Tract Infections

Infections of the urinary tract are among the most frequent infections encountered in the community and hospital environments. They range from harmless self-curing cystitis to severe pyelonephritis with life-threatening sepsis. Urinary tract infections are often recurrent. Host defence is crucial to control the infection but can also be deleterious in terms of scar formation. Early diagnosis, determination of severity, evaluation of possible risk factors, and assumption of possible pathogen are essential aspects to initiate efficient treatment. Urine culture with antibiotic sensitivity testing is the most important tool to confirm a suspected clinical diagnosis and direct treatment. Patients with urological disease are particularly susceptible to urinary tract infections, and healthcare-associated urinary infections are observed in approximately 10% of hospitalized urological patients. In view of the worsening resistance pattern of common urinary pathogens against available antimicrobial agents, it is important to comply with recommended treatment regimens.

Microbiological Analysis of the Urine Isolates in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Raza ◽  
S Pandey ◽  
C P Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Tract Infections

Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the common cause of bacterial infection. Recently UTI become more complicated and difficult to treat because of appearance of pathogen with increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. Objective To determine the etiology of the urinary tract infections and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Methods This study was carried out in Kathmandu Medical College, at department of microbiology. Total 3,460 urine samples were tested microbiologically by standard procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed for all the isolates by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and result was interpreted according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guide line. Results Out of 3,460 urine samples 680 (19.7%) showed the significant bacteriuria. The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli 75.7% followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 10.7%, Acinetobacter spp 5.5%, Proteus spp 3.5% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.2%. Most susceptible antibiotic was Amikacin, Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin for most of the isolates. E. coli which was the main isolate was found to be most susceptible to Amikacin 96.1%, Nitrofurantoin 91.3% and Gentamicin 77.7% followed by Ceftriaxone 65.8% and Ciprofloxacin 64.1%. ConclusionRegular surveillance of the resistance rate among uro-pathogens is needed to ensure the appropriate therapy of UTI.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i4.6348 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(4):295-7 

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