Chemical composition and phytotoxicity of essential oils of Croton doctoris S. Moore (Euphorbiaceae)

Abstract Essential oils from the stems and leaves of Croton doctoris were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, resulting in 22 identified compounds. The effects of these essential oils on the germination, root and shoot growth, total chlorophyll content, potential root respiration, peroxidase activity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and mitotic index in lettuce and onion were determined. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity were also investigated. The results revealed that the stem oil consisted of 15 compounds, of which caryophyllene oxide (24.5%) and E-caryophyllene (13.3%) were the major constituents. The leaf oil contained E-caryophyllene (39.6%) and α-humulene (13.2%) as major compounds. The oils inhibited the germination and growth of lettuce and onion seedlings and reduced chlorophyll content, root respiration, and cell division. They also caused oxidative stress, indicated by the increased activity of the evaluated antioxidant enzymes. These abnormal physiological processes contributed to the inhibition of plant growth. The most pronounced phytotoxic effects were observed in the stem oil. The cytotoxicity tests indicated that leaf oil was more active than stem oil, resulting from the presence of biologically active sesquiterpenes that inhibit the growth of cancer cells.

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ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF EXTRACTS AND LEACHATES OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS LEAVES ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF ELEUSINE CORACANA (L.) GAERTNER

Kongunadu Research Journal ◽

10.26524/krj109 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 129-132

Author(s):

Elavazhagan P

Keyword(s):

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Eleusine Coracana ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Germination And Growth

Various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of leaf leachates and leaf extracts prepared from fully senesced fallen and matured leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and used for the present experiments to determine their allelopathic potential on growth and developmental changes on Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertner. Leaf leachates and leaf extracts sowed an inhibitory effect on germination percentage, root and shoot growth, and fresh and dry weight of E. coracana seedlings. The leaf extracts had more inhibitory effect at 20%concentration,than that of leaf leachates on morphological parameters of E. coracana

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Differential responses of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activities of two Vigna unguiculata cultivars to salt stress

Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1590/s1677-04202005000200003 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 207-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Maria Erivalda Farias de Aragão ◽

Marjorie Moreira Guedes ◽

Maria de Lourdes Oliveira Otoch ◽

Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes ◽

Dirce Fernandes de Melo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Specific Activities

Vita 3 and Vita 5 are two Vigna unguiculata cultivars that differ in their capacities for survival in saline environments; Vita 3 is more tolerant and Vita 5 more sensitive. Both cultivars were submitted to salt stress with 0.1 M NaCl. After 8 days, root and shoot growth from both cultivars was reduced but reduction was more pronounced in Vita 5. Furthermore, leaf area was also reduced in this cultivar. Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were not affected by salt stress, but the specific activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) decreased in Vita 3 and increased in Vita 5. The use of immunological techniques also revealed that the Rubisco content from Vita 3 decreased while that of Vita 5 increased. The discussion of these results is aimed at reaching a better understanding of the differences between these cultivars in relation to salt stress.

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The effect of soaking and drying seeds before planting on the germination and growth of Triticum vulgare under normal and saline conditions

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b75-159 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 53 (13) ◽

pp. 1328-1332 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

M. Idris ◽

M. Aslam

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Root Systems ◽

Percentage Germination ◽

Wheat Seed ◽

Subsequent Growth ◽

Air Drying ◽

Nacl Salinity ◽

Triticum Vulgare ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Germination And Growth

The soaking of wheat seed (Triticum vulgare L.) in water or CaCl2 solutions followed by air-drying before planting accelerated the germination but did not affect the final percentage germination and subsequent growth of the seedlings under normal conditions. However, under conditions of 0.5% NaCl salinity the soaking and drying of the seeds before planting stimulated the germination and growth of the seedlings. In no case were the presowing treatments more effective in improving the germination and root and shoot growth under 0.5% NaCl salinity than under normal condition. Under 0.5% NaCl salinity the seedlings grown from treated seeds had more extensive and deeper root systems than the seedlings grown from untreated seeds. Presowing soaking of the seed failed to improve the germination under increasing salinity of 1.0 and 1.5% NaCl.

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Root and shoot growth and chlorophyll content ofTaraxacum officinaleprovenances as affected by defoliation and debudding under organic and hydroponic cultivation

Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.1080/14620316.1995.11515298 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 279-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W. Letchamo ◽

A. Gosselin

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Hydroponic Cultivation ◽

Root And Shoot Growth

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Isolation and identification of IAA producing endosymbiotic bacteria from Gracillaria corticata (J. Agardh)

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2016.12.0012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 5179

Author(s):

Ilahi Shaik* ◽

P. Janakiram ◽

Sujatha L. ◽

Sushma Chandra

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Culture Filtrate ◽

Indole Acetic Acid ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

High Salinity ◽

Saline Soils ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽

Root And Shoot Growth

Indole acetic acid is a natural phytohormone which influence the root and shoot growth of the plants. Six (GM1-GM6) endosymbiotic bacteria are isolated from Gracilaria corticata and screened for the production of IAA out of six, three bacterial strains GM3, GM5 and GM6 produced significant amount of IAA 102.4 µg/ml 89.40 µg/ml 109.43 µg/ml respectively. Presence of IAA in culture filtrate of the above strains is further analyzed and confirmed by TLC. As these bacterial strains, able to tolerate the high salinity these can be effectively used as PGR to increase the crop yield in saline soils.

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Physiological Processes and Dynamics in the Disposition of Small and Large Doses of Biologically Active and Inactive 131I-Insulins in the Rat

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)95968-5 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 242 (10) ◽

pp. 2343-2355

Author(s):

Joseph L. Izzo ◽

John W. Bartlett ◽

Angela Roncone ◽

Mary Jane Izzo ◽

William F. Bale

Keyword(s):

Biologically Active ◽

Physiological Processes

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The influence of plant growth regulators on root and shoot growth of containerized trees following root removal

The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.1080/14620316.1998.11510985 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 353-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G. Percival ◽

J. Gerritsen

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Root And Shoot Growth

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Improvement of the photosynthetic activity of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) through foliar application of a nitrophenolate–based biostimulant

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20181001009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 01009

Author(s):

Sławomir Kocira ◽

Agnieszka Sujak ◽

Tomasz Oniszczuk ◽

Agnieszka Szparaga ◽

Mariusz Szymanek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Photosynthetic Activity ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Reported Study

Application of biostimulants instigates many physiological processes that enhance nutrition efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance, and quality traits of crops, regardless of their nutrient content. One of such preparations is Atonik which contains nitrophenol compounds naturally occurring in plant cells. Several studies have confirmed its beneficial effect on the growth, development, and improved metabolic activity of plants. Therefore, it seems advisable to investigate the effect of Atonik preparation on the photosynthetic activity of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). The reported study was carried out in 2014 in Perespa, Poland. Over the growing season, Atonik was foliar-applied at a dose of 0.3 L/ha (0.1%) and 0.6 L/ha (0.2%) by single and double spraying of plants. Chlorophyll content and nitrogen status (N) were estimated by a Chlorophyll Meter SPAD-502 Plus. The foliar application of Atonik was found to improve the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus and chlorophyll content in the leaves of Dracocephalum moldavica plants, but the results were dependent on biostimulant concentration and number of its applications, and on the date of measurement. To conclude, Atonik is an environmental-friendly preparation which has a positive impact on the metabolic processes of plants.

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