Physiological Processes and Dynamics in the Disposition of Small and Large Doses of Biologically Active and Inactive 131I-Insulins in the Rat

An interest in plants of Amelanchier genus is stimulated by the necessity of search for plant sources rich in biologically active substances and possessing the ability to influence different physiological processes in a human organism. The article gives information about places of growth of different species of Amelanchier (Amelanchier Medic) and about the fact that its fruits contain high concentration of free sugars, relatively low level of organic acids, sufficient amounts of various vitamins and provitamins and a complex of mineral substances. Nutritive and biological value of Amelanchier fruits in complex may produce a beneficial effect on different biochemical and physiological processes of normal vital activity of a human organism. The data are given about a positive influence of enteral introduction of polysaccharides isolated from Amelanchier fruits, on different physiological processes that enhance adaptational reserves of an organism of experimental animals. In particular, it was shown that watersoluble polysaccharide complex (WSPC) of Amelanchier fruits activates erythropoiesis increasing the amount of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in blood of experimental animals and raises concentration of iron. WSPC improves physical working capacity and increases the body mass of experimental animals. Addition of watersoluble polysaccharide complex of Amelanchier fruits to blood of a healthy donor increases thermal, osmotic and peroxide resistance of erythrocyte membranes thus protecting cells against damage under action of adverse factors in the experiment. Fruits of plants of Amelanchier genus may be recommended to be used as a food additive or a product in dietary and prophylactic therapy.

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Analysis Of Calcium-Dependent Processes In Nerve Cells

The American Journal of Applied Sciences ◽

10.37547/tajas/volume02issue10-10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 02 (10) ◽

pp. 53-62

Author(s):

Gulsara Bahodir Kizi Akhmedova ◽

◽

Zulaykho Amindjanovna Mamatova ◽

Nozimjon Numonjonovich Khoshimov ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activation ◽

Nerve Cells ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Human Organism ◽

Calcium Dependent ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Synapse Plasticity ◽

The Brain ◽

Dependent Processes ◽

Active Substances

This article analyzes the processes associated with calcium in nerve cells. Pathological changes in the nerve cells negatively affect the natural physiological processes in the human organism. Elevated intracellular Са2+ concentrations are involved in neurotransmitter release, synapse plasticity, enzyme activation, and gene expression. Of great importance is the question of studying the mechanisms of pharmacological correction using biologically active substances in pathological conditions in the brain in the synaptosomes, Са2+ transport.

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NMR and CD conformational studies of bradykinin and its agonists and antagonists: application to receptor binding

Biochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1139/o98-028 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 76 (2-3) ◽

pp. 257-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

George Kotovych ◽

John R Cann ◽

John M Stewart ◽

Hitoshi Yamamoto

Keyword(s):

Receptor Binding ◽

Biological Function ◽

Peptide Conformation ◽

Biologically Active ◽

New Drugs ◽

Conformational Studies ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Bradykinin Antagonists ◽

Specific Receptors

Most physiological processes are regulated by peptides that perform their functions by interacting with specific receptors on cells. Specific conformations of the peptides are required for correct interactions to take place, and a knowledge of the biologically important conformation is vital for the understanding of biological function. Over the last few years extensive studies using nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism have been carried out on bradykinin (Arg1-Pro2-Pro3-Gly4-Phe5-Ser6-Pro7-Phe8-Arg9) and its antagonists with the objective of developing new drugs to combat severe pathologies associated with its production. In the present review, these techniques for the determination of peptide conformation are reviewed and applied to the study of bradykinin and its antagonists. Modeling of these conformational data in the presence of the B2 receptor or an antibody allows the biologically active conformations to be deduced and these are presented in this review.Key words: bradykinin antagonists, conformational analysis, NMR, CD, B2 receptor binding.

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Computer multi-agent model of chemico-physiological processes in the human gastrointestinal tract as a living biochemical system

Доклады Академии наук ◽

10.31857/s0869-56524843303-306 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 484 (3) ◽

pp. 303-306

Author(s):

V. P. Meshalkin ◽

Yu. A. Ivashkin ◽

M. A. Nikitina

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Biochemical System ◽

Agent Model ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Multi Agent ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

A methodology was proposed to develop an original computer-aided multiagent model of chemicophysiological processes in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as a complex living biochemical system (LBCS), which simulates chemicophysiological processes of interaction of biologically active parts and organs of GIT in models of intelligent organoid agents. The model vividly represents chemicophysiological processes of the complex LBCS as a whole and also predicts its viability and homeostasis in cases of various physiological and biochemical external actions, internal abnormalities, and malfunctioning of GIT organs.

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Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Pathogenesis: A Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Life ◽

10.3390/life11010045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Lada Purvinsh ◽

Andrey Gorshkov ◽

Aleksandra Brodskaia ◽

Andrey Vasin

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Fundamental Property ◽

Molecular Composition ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

New Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Infected Cells

Secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a fundamental property of living cells. EVs are known to transfer biological signals between cells and thus regulate the functional state of recipient cells. Such vesicles mediate the intercellular transport of many biologically active molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, specific lipids) and participate in regulation of key physiological processes. In addition, EVs are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases: infectious, neurodegenerative, and oncological. The current EV classification into microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and exosomes is based on their size, pathways of cellular biogenesis, and molecular composition. This review is focused on analysis of the role of EVs (mainly exosomes) in the pathogenesis of viral infection. We briefly characterize the biogenesis and molecular composition of various EV types. Then, we consider EV-mediated pro- and anti-viral mechanisms. EV secretion by infected cells can be an important factor of virus spread in target cell populations, or a protective factor limiting viral invasion. The data discussed in this review, on the effect of EV secretion by infected cells on processes in neighboring cells and on immune cells, are of high significance in the search for new therapeutic approaches and for design of new generations of vaccines.

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Chemical composition and phytotoxicity of essential oils of Croton doctoris S. Moore (Euphorbiaceae)

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.231957 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

Author(s):

A. C. S. Cândido ◽

S. P. Q. Scalon ◽

C. B. Silva ◽

E. Simionatto ◽

A. F. Morel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Root Respiration ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

Germination And Growth ◽

Increased Activity

Abstract Essential oils from the stems and leaves of Croton doctoris were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, resulting in 22 identified compounds. The effects of these essential oils on the germination, root and shoot growth, total chlorophyll content, potential root respiration, peroxidase activity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and mitotic index in lettuce and onion were determined. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity were also investigated. The results revealed that the stem oil consisted of 15 compounds, of which caryophyllene oxide (24.5%) and E-caryophyllene (13.3%) were the major constituents. The leaf oil contained E-caryophyllene (39.6%) and α-humulene (13.2%) as major compounds. The oils inhibited the germination and growth of lettuce and onion seedlings and reduced chlorophyll content, root respiration, and cell division. They also caused oxidative stress, indicated by the increased activity of the evaluated antioxidant enzymes. These abnormal physiological processes contributed to the inhibition of plant growth. The most pronounced phytotoxic effects were observed in the stem oil. The cytotoxicity tests indicated that leaf oil was more active than stem oil, resulting from the presence of biologically active sesquiterpenes that inhibit the growth of cancer cells.

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On the nature of non-protein receptors from the conceptual point of view. Paradigm for abscisic acid

Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv ◽

10.7124/feeo.v25.1153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 131-136

Author(s):

B. A. Kurchii

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Redox Reactions ◽

Hormone Receptors ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Point Of View ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Physical Factors ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Protein Receptors ◽

Elementary Chemical

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a biologically active substance that takes part in the various biochemical and physiological processes in the plants. There is currently limited knowledge about how these biochemical and physiological processes are triggered and regulated by ABA. Dozens of receptors have been described for ABA signaling but there is no any information why does ABA have so many receptors and how they act at the molecular levels. In this connection I would like to stress that not all cell proteins conjugated with ABA necessarily can be represented as hormone-receptors complexes. In this paper I proposed that physiological processes in plants are performed at molecular level by elementary chemical reactions (redox reactions) that trigger the cascade of subsequent reactions and that can be caused by various chemical and physical factors. Gene keys (fragments of polynucleotides, non-protein receptors) and gene locks (start fragment of genes) are also described. Keywords: abscisic acid, free radicals, receptors, gene keys, gene locks.

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Mike Wakelam: an appreciation

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/ebc20200042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 397-399

Author(s):

Bob Michell

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Lipid Mediators ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Active Metabolites ◽

Surface Receptors ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Lipid Signalling ◽

Cells Of Origin ◽

Activate Cell ◽

Biologically Active Metabolites

Abstract This issue of Essays in Biochemistry explores lipid mediators — biologically active metabolites formed by enzymic and non-enzymic oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. These can be exported across the cell membrane into the extracellular space, where they activate cell surface receptors to stimulate the cells of origin (autocrine) or nearby cells (paracrine). Lipid mediators are involved in many physiological processes, which may become dysregulated during ageing and in lipid-related diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, arthritis, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease and metabolic syndrome. Following the death in March 2020 of Professor Mike Wakelam, with the loss of his major input into the lipid signalling field, Portland Press and Guest Editors John Harwood and Emyr Lloyd-Evans decided to dedicate this issue to his memory. This Editorial briefly recalls his work and influence.

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Inflammation Drives Alzheimer's Disease: Emphasis on 5-lipoxygenase pathways

Current Neuropharmacology ◽

10.2174/1570159x18666200924122732 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aisha Siddiqui ◽

Md Sayeed Akhtar ◽

Zahoor Shah ◽

Iekhsan Othman ◽

Yatinesh Kumari

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Biochemical Pathways ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Metabolism Enzyme

: It is a known fact that inflammation affects several physiological processes, including the functioning of the central nervous system. Additionally, impairment of lipid mechanisms/pathways have been associated with a number of neurodegenerative disorders and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is one of them. However, much attention has been given to the link between tau and beta-amyloid hypothesis in AD pathogenesis/prognosis. Increasing evidences suggest that biologically active lipid molecules could influence the pathophysiology of AD via different mechanism of inflammation. In this review, we intend to highlight the role of inflammatory responses in the context of AD with the emphasis on biochemical pathways of lipid metabolism enzyme, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO).

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Vitamin D3 and Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10134527 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 4527

Author(s):

Oleh Andrukhov ◽

Alice Blufstein ◽

Christian Behm ◽

Andreas Moritz ◽

Xiaohui Rausch-Fan

Keyword(s):

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Dental Tissue ◽

Therapeutic Modalities ◽

Dental Tissues ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Vitamin D3 Metabolites ◽

Almost All

Vitamin D3 is a hormone involved in the regulation of bone metabolism, mineral homeostasis, and immune response. Almost all dental tissues contain resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are largely similar to bone marrow-derived MSCs. In this narrative review, we summarized the current findings concerning the physiological effects of vitamin D3 on dental MSCs. The existing literature suggests that dental MSCs possess the ability to convert vitamin D3 into 25(OH)D3 and subsequently to the biologically active 1,25(OH)2D3. The vitamin D3 metabolites 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulate osteogenic differentiation and diminish the inflammatory response of dental MSCs. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 influences the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in different dental tissues. Thus, dental MSCs are both producers and targets of 1,25(OH)2D3 and might regulate the local vitamin D3-dependent processes in an autocrine/paracrine manner. The local vitamin D3 metabolism is assumed to play an essential role in the local physiological processes, but the mechanisms of its regulation in dental MSCs are mostly unknown. The alteration of the local vitamin D3 metabolism may unravel novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of periodontitis as well as new strategies for dental tissue regeneration.

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