scholarly journals Reproductive diseases in captive Agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina)

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Jones ◽  
K. R. Lall ◽  
G. W. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Vaginal Tissue ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
First Case ◽  
Uterine Inertia

Abstract Reproductive diseases have been well documented in domestic livestock such as sheep, goat, cattle and pigs. However, there is very little information on these diseases in the agouti (Dasyprocta leporina). The agouti is used for its meat in South America and the Caribbean. More recently, intensive farming of this animal is being practiced in the Neotropics. There is dearth of information on dystocia and vaginal prolapses in the agouti. This document reports on three cases of reproductive diseases in captive reared agoutis in Trinidad and Tobago. The first case was a female agouti weighing approximately 3 kg that was in the last stage of pregnancy, which was found dead in its cage. The vulva of the mother had the protruding hind-limbs of the fetus. Necroscopic evaluation of carcass revealed little fat tissue and the mother had two fetuses in the right horn of the uterus. Each fetus weighed approximately 200 g. The fetuses were well formed with fur, teeth and eyes. The placenta was attached to each fetus. The pathological findings suggested that dystocia resulted from secondary uterine inertia which was the cause of death of the adult female agouti. The second case was that of an adult female agouti weighing 2.5 kg. This female had given birth to an offspring three weeks prior and was observed to have had a vaginal prolapse. Surgery was performed and the prolapsed vagina was placed back into the pelvic cavity. Further to this intervention, the vagina prolapsed twice. Subsequent to the re-insertion of the vaginal tissue the agouti was euthanized. The third case was also that of a dystocia. However, the fetuses weighed 235 g and 165 g respectively and were in normal presentation, posture and positioning. The fetus however was unable to pass via the vagina and was trapped in the pelvic cavity. This caused secondary uterine inertia which was the cause of death. The causes of reproductive diseases in these cases are unknown but the feeding management and space allowance given to the agouti in late gestation may be contributing factors.

Child and Adolescent Suicide Deaths in New Mexico, 1990-1994

Crisis ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
DD Werenko ◽  
LM Olson ◽  
L Fullerton-Gleason ◽  
AW Lynch ◽  
RE Zumwalt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Medical Examiner ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Youth Activity

The suicide death rate in New Mexico is consistently higher than the national rate. Among adolescents, suicide is the third leading cause of death nationally, but in New Mexico it is the second leading cause of death. This study describes the pattern of adolescent suicide deaths in New Mexico. We conducted a retrospective review of all medical examiner autopsies for adolescent suicides (ages 20 years and younger) in New Mexico from 1990-1994. Records were reviewed for demographics and possible contributing factors such as depression, previous attempts, and alcohol and drug use. We identified 184 suicide deaths among children and adolescents ages 9-20 years for an overall rate of 12.9 per 100,000. Our rates for ages 5-9 years (0.2), 10-14 years (3.8), and 15-19 years (22.3) are over twice the U.S. rates. Suicide deaths resulted primarily from firearms (67%), hanging (16%), poisoning (6%), inhalation (4%), and other methods (7%). Method varied by ethnicity (p = .01) and gender (p = .03); males and non-Hispanic Whites were overrepresented among firearm deaths. Firearm ownership was known in 60 (48%) of the firearm deaths. Of these, 53% of the firearms belonged to a family member, 25% to the decedent, and 22% to a friend. Over one-third of decedents (41%) experienced mental disorders, primarily depressed mood and clinical depression. Previous suicide attempts were noted for 15% of the decedents. Some 50% of the decedents had alcohol or drugs present at the time of death; among American Indians/Alaska Natives, 74% had drugs or alcohol present (p = .003). Targeted interventions are needed to reduce adolescent suicide in New Mexico. We suggest raising awareness about acute and chronic contributing factors to suicide; training physicians to look for behavioral manifestations of depression; and involving physicians, teachers, and youth activity leaders in efforts to limit firearm accessibility, such as advising parents to remove firearms from their households.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal mapping and detection of mortality cluster due to cardiovascular disease with Bayesian hierarchical framework using integrated nested Laplace approximation: A discussion of suitable statistic applications in Kersa, Oromia, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melkamu Dedefo ◽  
Henry Mwambi ◽  
Sileshi Fanta ◽  
Nega Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Hierarchical Framework ◽  
Temporal Models ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Non Parametric

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally and the number one cause of death globally. Over 75% of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries. Hence, comprehensive information about the spatio-temporal distribution of mortality due to cardio vascular disease is of interest. We fitted different spatio-temporal models within Bayesian hierarchical framework allowing different space-time interaction for mortality mapping with integrated nested Laplace approximations to analyze mortality data extracted from the health and demographic surveillance system in Kersa District in Hararege, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The result indicates that non-parametric time trends models perform better than linear models. Among proposed models, one with non-parametric trend, type II interaction and second order random walk but without unstructured time effect was found to perform best according to our experience and. simulation study. An application based on real data revealed that, mortality due to CVD increased during the study period, while administrative regions in northern and south-eastern part of the study area showed a significantly elevated risk. The study highlighted distinct spatiotemporal clusters of mortality due to CVD within the study area. The study is a preliminary assessment step in prioritizing areas for further and more comprehensive research raising questions to be addressed by detailed investigation. Underlying contributing factors need to be identified and accurately quantified.

Diagnostic Utility of Pathological Investigations in Late Gestation Stillbirth: A Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
Si Kei Lou ◽  
Sarah Keating ◽  
Elena Kolomietz ◽  
Patrick Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Fetal Autopsy ◽  
Single Organism ◽  
Unknown Significance ◽  
Organism Growth ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Near Term

Objective Near term unexpected stillbirth is a common, complex diagnostic challenge. We review a large cohort of near term to term gestation unexpected fetal deaths to document the common patterns of pathology and evaluate the utility of various standard autopsy procedures. Methods A total of 123 perinatal autopsies consisting of 94 intrauterine fetal deaths (IUFDs) and 29 intrapartum deaths (IPDs) were reviewed. Deaths were classified according to the laboratory investigations establishing cause of death. Results Cause of death was attributable to placental pathology without autopsy in 55.3% of IUFD and 17% of IPD. Correlative findings at autopsy increased the ability to establish cause of death in 86.2% of IUFD and 62% of IPD. Histology was largely corroborative, with the brain, lungs, and heart demonstrating significant changes in 46%, 34.5%, and 13.8%, respectively. Microbiology was corroborative but demonstrated single organism growth in 6 of 29 cases of fatal acute chorioamnionitis. Newborn metabolic screening revealed only elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in 3 cases, of questionable relevance. Aneuploidy was established by screening molecular studies in 5 IUFDs, all of which had external or visceral dysmorphism. Karyotype was established in 69 cases and was not contributory in any of the IPD: 3 IUFDs had changes of unknown significance. Cause of death was not established at autopsy in 9% of IUFD and 10% of IPD. Discussion This is the largest uniformly investigated cohort of late gestation unexpected fetal deaths studied. We confirm the importance of both placental and fetal autopsy in establishing cause of death. Autopsy histology, microbiology, and cytogenetics provide important but largely corroborative data.

scholarly journals Endocrine regulation and extended follow up of longitudinal growth in intrauterine growth-retarded rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
EC Houdijk ◽  
MJ Engelbregt ◽  
C Popp-Snijders ◽  
HA Delemarre-Vd Waal
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Uterine Artery Ligation ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Catch Up

Bilateral uterine artery ligation in late gestation was performed in pregnant dams in order to determine the effects of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) on long-term postnatal somatic growth and the GH neuroendocrine axis in the adult female and male rat. Body weight (BW), nose-anus length (NAL) and tail length (TL) were recorded at regular intervals in both the IUGR and control (CON) offspring until the age of 93 days. Spontaneous 6-h GH secretory profiles and serum IGF-I were determined around the age of 100 days in both the IUGR and the CON group. No catch-up growth in BW, NAL or TL was observed in young adult male IUGR rats. Female IUGR rats did catch up in NAL beyond the age of 57 days and in TL before weaning, but did not catch up at any time in BW. Spontaneous 6-h GH secretory profiles in female and male IUGR rats at a mean age of 100+/-4 days were similar to their controls at a mean age of 101+/-4 days. Overall median 6-h rat GH plasma concentrations, rat GH peak amplitude, number of rat GH peaks and sum of peak area were not significantly different. Median serum IGF-I levels in young adult female and male IUGR rats showed no difference when compared with their respective controls. These results demonstrate that IUGR, after bilateral uterine artery ligation in late gestation, leads to incomplete BW catch-up growth in young adult rats of both sexes with physiological GH/IGF-I secretion, suggesting intrauterine modulation of tissue responsiveness to GH and IGF-I. Female IUGR rats do catch up in NAL and TL, developing disturbed body proportions.

scholarly journals Intrapelvic migration of the hip screw of a proximal femoral nail: report of two cases and review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1093
Author(s):  
Mazen A. Abdalla ◽  
Leon T. Oikonomou ◽  
Konstantinos A. Giannikas
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Proximal Femoral Nail ◽  
Proximal Femoral Fractures ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
First Case ◽  
Medial Migration ◽  
Medullary Nailing ◽  
Hip Screw

<p>Two cases of medial migration of the hip screw in cases of cephalon-medullary nailing for the treatment of extra-articular proximal femoral fractures are reported. The first case was revised to hemiarthroplasty, that was subsequently complicated with infection and death of the patient, while the second was revised to a similar devise with favorable outcome. A review of the literature is performed in order to identify the contributing factors that result in the medial migration of the hip screw. Emphasis is given in further reporting of similar cases in order to abolish this potentially lethal complication.   </p>

Relaxin contributes to the regulation of arterial pressure in adult female mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (23) ◽  
pp. 2795-2805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina M. Mirabito Colafella ◽  
Chrishan S. Samuel ◽  
Kate M. Denton
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
New Strategies

Relaxin is increasingly being recognized as a potent vasodilatory and antifibrotic hormone. Given that relaxin is present in the circulation during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy, when arterial pressure is lowest in women, relaxin may contribute to the relative cardiovascular protection observed in premenopausal women as compared with age-matched men and postmenopausal women. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of relaxin to the normal regulation of arterial pressure in adult female and male mice and during pregnancy. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured via radiotelemetry in 14-week-old male and female wild-type (WT; C67BL/6xSv129) and relaxin knockout (KO) mice. Thereafter, female mice were time-mated with a (non-telemetered) male of the same genotype and MAP was measured throughout gestation. Basal MAP was ∼10 mmHg lower in WT females than males (P<0.05). Relaxin deficiency increased basal MAP in females (P<0.05 vs WT female), but not males. As expected, MAP decreased during gestation in WT mice. Conversely, in relaxin KO mice, arterial pressure increased during mid and late gestation (P<0.05 as compared with WT). Moreover, relaxin deficiency impaired gestational weight gain and reduced litter size. This is the first study to (i) demonstrate that relaxin contributes to the sexual dimorphism of arterial pressure in mice and (ii) document the changes in the arterial pressure profile of pregnant relaxin KO mice. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the regulation of arterial pressure in premenopausal females may uncover new strategies to treat hypertension in women (non-pregnant and pregnant) and men.

Territoriality in adult female Columbian ground squirrels

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1060-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Festa-Bianchet ◽  
David A. Boag
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Spermophilus Columbianus ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Female Territoriality ◽  
Small Home Range ◽  
Columbian Ground Squirrels ◽  
Spring Emergence

The spatial relationships among adult female Columbian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus) were investigated through intensive behavioral observations at an isolated, high-density colony in southwestern Alberta in 1979 and 1980. Population size at spring emergence more than doubled during the study mainly through an increase in number of yearlings. Each adult female established a small home range and actively defended part of it as a territory. All intruding females were chased out, but exclusive use was not achieved. Territorial behavior increased after breeding, declined during late gestation, peaked during lactation, and decreased again after juveniles emerged. The adaptive significance of female territoriality seems to be related mainly to protection of juveniles.

Fatal Strongyloidiasis in Gibbons (Hylobates lar)

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DePaoli ◽  
D. O. Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Paralytic Ileus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Hylobates Lar

A 6-year retrospective study of necropsy material from a colony of 200 gibbons showed strongyloidiasis to be the most frequent cause of death (24 cases). Clinical signs included diarrhea, constipation, weight loss, paralytic ileus and dyspnea. Lesions were most frequent in the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. In the gut there were erosive and ulcerative enteritis associated with adult female parasites and rhabditiform larvae and acute and granulomatous enterocolitis associated with invading filariform larvae. There was severe multifocal or diffuse hemorrhage associated with migrating larvae in the lungs of 23 gibbons. Filariform larvae and the lesions they caused also occurred in various tissues; this was commensurate with the wide distribution of these larvae when hyperinfection occurred.

The first case of mosaic MNX1 mutation in an adult female with features of Currarino syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferruccio Romano ◽  
Patrizia De Marco ◽  
Marzia Ognibene ◽  
Marco Di Duca ◽  
Simona Baldassari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Currarino Syndrome ◽  
First Case
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