scholarly journals Foraging preferences of the native stingless bee Melipona seminigra pernigra (Apidae: Meliponini) in campo rupestre on canga of Serra dos Carajás, southeastern Amazonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Tasso Felix Guimarães ◽  
Luciano Costa ◽  
Daniela Cristina Zappi ◽  
Wilson Filgueira Batista Junior ◽  
Karen da Silva Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Plants ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Campo Rupestre ◽  
Pollen Data ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Foraging Preferences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pollen Types

Abstract: Honey pollen samples of Melipona seminigra pernigraMoure & Kerr 1950 sampled between 2017 and 2019 from experimental apiaries installed in campo rupestre on canga (CRC) vegetation of the Serra dos Carajás aimed to evaluated seasonal floral availability of undisturbed and mining-influenced areas. Around one hundred pollen types were identified mainly belonging to Fabaceae, Myrtaceae and Euphorbiaceae (31, 6 and 5 species, respectively). Mining area presented the highest pollen richness, almost twice those identified in the undisturbed areas. 80% of the pollen types are rare with concentrations ≤ 2,000 pollen grains/10 g, while the remaining were the most abundant, frequent and the primary bee sources. These latter correspond mostly to native plants species such as Tapirira guianensis Aubl., Protium spp., Aparisthmium cordatum (A.Juss.) Baill., Mimosa acutistipula var. ferrea Barneby, Periandra mediterranea (Vell.) Taub., Miconia spp., Pleroma carajasense K.Rocha, Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC., Serjania spp. and Solanum crinitum Lam. All pollen types were identified during both seasons, but higher concentration values are related to the dry period (June-September). The statistical analysis of the pollen data indicated that there was no significant difference between undisturbed and mining-influenced areas, since primary bee sources of this study are widespread used in revegetation of mined areas.

scholarly journals Melissopalynology Reveals the Foraging Preferences of the Stingless Bee Melipona seminigra pernigra Moure & Kerr 1950 (Apidae: Meliponini) in Cangas of Serra dos Carajás, Southeastern Amazonia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Tasso Felix Guimarães ◽  
Luciano Costa ◽  
Daniela Cristina Zappi ◽  
Wilson Filgueira Batista Junior ◽  
Karen da Silva Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Campo Rupestre ◽  
Foraging Preferences ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Pollen Content ◽  
Degraded Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Local Variability

The pollen content of honey samples collected in the years 2017 and 2019 from experimental apiaries of Melipona seminigra pernigra Moure & Kerr 1950 installed in campo rupestre on canga (CRC) vegetation of the Serra dos Carajás, southeastern Amazonia, was analyzed to understand the local variability of floral resources occurring on natural and disturbed areas. Around one hundred pollen types were identified mainly belonging to Fabaceae, Myrtaceae and Euphorbiaceae (31, 6 and 5 types, respectively). The N5 mine presented the highest pollen richness with 95 pollen types identified, almost twice of those identified in the other areas, including the better preserved ones. Eighty percent of the pollen types are rare with concentrations ≤ 2,000 pollen grains/10 g; the remaining types are the most abundant and frequent, and are considered the primary bee sources (PBS). PBS correspond mostly to native plants such as Tapirira guianensis Aubl., Protium spp., Aparisthmium cordatum (A.Juss.) Baill., Mimosa acutistipula var. ferrea Barneby, Periandra mediterrânea (Vell.) Taub., Miconia spp., Pleroma carajasense K.Rocha, Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC., Serjania spp. and Solanum crinitum Lam. All pollen types were identified during both seasons, but higher pollen concentration are related to the dry period (June-September). The statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in honey pollen data between the natural and disturbed areas since the plant species considered as PBS in this work are intensively used in revegetation of degraded area (RDA) processes by mining activities.

Pollen morphology in Dodartia, Lancea, Leucocarpus, and Mazus and an analysis of pollen morphotypes in the Mimuleae (Scrophulariaceae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1287-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Argue
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Pollen Data ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Taxonomic Implications

The pollen grains of Dodartia, Lancea, Leucocarpus, and Mazus are single, radially symmetrical, isopolar, and suboblate to prolate with trizoniaperturate ectocolpi; the colpus membranes show various patterns of transverse rupturing but most frequently have a single, equatorial rupture. The exine is composed of a semitectate sexine 2, a simplicolumellate sexine 1, and a frequently foveolate to perforate nexine, thinner than the sexine. Data from the present and earlier studies on the Mimuleae are analyzed statistically to establish a specific set of correlated morphological characters with discriminatory value in the definition and delimitation of major pollen types for the tribe. Interspecific and intergeneric palynological variation among tricolporate Mimuleae is assessed and taxonomic implications of the pollen data are discussed.

scholarly journals Análise do nicho trófico e da influência das precipitações no forrageamento de Melipona eburnea Friese (Apidae: Meliponina) criadas no Acre, Brasil

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Francisco Cildomar Da Silva Correia ◽  
Rui Carlos Peruquetti ◽  
Marcos Gonçalves Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Native Plants ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
General Behavior ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Rainfall Volume

Resumo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar plantas utilizadas por Melipona eburnea Friese para coleta de pólen e verificar a influência das precipitações no forrageamento dessa espécie. Para isso, realizou-se duas coletas semanais, de outubro de 2015 a junho de 2016, em três colônias de M. eburnea. Abelhas operárias transportando cargas de pólen foram capturadas na entrada de suas colônias, utilizando-se rede entomológica. As cargas de pólen foram retiradas das corbículas das operárias com o auxílio de pinça e, posteriormente, levadas ao Laboratório para serem analisadas. Os grãos de pólen foram fotomicrografados e identificados através da comparação com o pólen das plantas em floração na área estudada. Os dados foram obtidos a partir do número de grãos de pólen nas amostras com a média de precipitação para cada mês. Identificou-se 44 espécies botânicas, distribuídas em 18 famílias, as principais foram: Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae e Arecaceae. Foi observado que a maior quantidade de pólen fornecido para M. eburnea ocorreu no período de menor volume pluviométrico. M. eburnea apresenta comportamento generalista na coleta de recursos polínicos, alterando seu nicho trófico, de acordo com a intensidade de floração. Plantas nativas representam a principal fonte de pólen para M. eburnea.Analysis of the trophic niche and the influence of the precipitations on the foraging of Melipona eburnea Friese (Apidae: Meliponina) created in Acre, Brazil Abstract. The present work had as objective to identify plants used to collect pollen per Melipona eburnea Friese and to verify the influence of the precipitations in the foraging of this specie. For tath, two weekly collections were carried out, from October 2015 to June 2016, in three colonies of M. eburnea. Worker bees carrying pollen loads were captured at the entrance of their colonies, using an entomological net. The pollen loads were removed from the workers' corbulas with the aid of forceps and then taken to the laboratory for analysis. The pollen grains were photomicrographs and identified by comparison with the pollen of the flowering plants in the studied area. The data were obtained from the number of pollen grains in the samples with the average precipitation for each month. It was identified 44 pollen types distributed in 18 families, the main ones being: Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Arecaceae. It was observed that the highest amount of pollen supplied to M. eburnea occurred in the period of lower rainfall volume. M. eburnea presents general behavior in the collection of pollinic resources. Native plants represent the main source of pollen for M. eburnea.

scholarly journals Flight Activities and Pollen Load of Lepidotrigona terminata Smith (Apidae: Meliponinae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Anggun Wicaksono ◽  
Tri Atmowidi ◽  
Windra Priawandiputra
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Pollen Load ◽  
Pollen Type ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Pollen Types

Worker bees actively forage to supply colony necessity i.e., pollens, nectar, and resin. Flight activities of the worker bees are influenced by food availability and environmental conditions. This study aimed to measure flight activities of Lepidotrigona terminata in terms of leaving and returning to the nest (including carrying of pollen and pollen type) and their relation to environmental conditions. The observation of flight activities of L. terminata were conducted from August to December 2016, at 07.00-17.00 for 1 minute with 1 hour interval. Pollen load and pollen types were analyzed by the acetolysis method. Flight activities of leaving and returning to the nest were lower at 07.00-08.00 (1 individual/min) and at 16.00-17.00 (2 individuals/min). However, the peak activities occurred at 10.00 until 13.00 (8 and 6 individuals/min for leaving and returning to the nest, respectively). Temperature and light intensity were positively correlated with flight activities of bees that carried nectar and resin, as well as leaving the nest without garbage. The returned workers averagely carried 32,696 pollen grains from four pollen types. Based on selection index values, this stingless bee species mostly preferred Araceae (ⱳi=1.522) plant family for pollen resources to others, Anacardiaceae, Aceraceae, and Acanthaceae (x2=39.32, p<0.01).

scholarly journals The effect of metabolism on the course of labor and the postpartum period in highly productive cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00256
Author(s):  
Murat Baimishev ◽  
Sergey Eremin ◽  
Kirill Plemyashov ◽  
Hamidulla Baimishev ◽  
Igor Konopeltsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy

The purpose of the research is to determine the etiopathogenesis of reproductive dysfunction in highly productive cows. For this, one group of cows was formed on the principle of paranalogs in the amount of 37 animals inseminated in the first sexual hunt after calving, followed by taking blood samples from them using the Monovet system, considering the duration of pregnancy. During the start-up period, blood was taken 1–4 days before calving and on the first day after calving. A total of 253 blood samples were examined. Subsequently, depending on the effectiveness of insemination, animals were divided into two groups. The first group included inseminated cows after the first insemination (20 animals), the second group included 17 unfertilized cows after the first insemination. Subsequently, blood was taken from animals considering the course of childbirth and the postpartum period. Blood counts were studied according to generally accepted methods using certified equipment. The study found that at an early stage of pregnancy, cows have a significant difference in lipid metabolism and in their peroxidation, in the state of antioxidant systems compared to unstable animals. In the process of pregnancy development in cows, there is a decrease in the level of total lipids and their class, and the accumulation of products of transoxidation of lipids is reduced. In animals with retention of the placenta, a low lipid metabolism and a higher level of peroxidation were established already in the dry period. After calving, this difference increases. The obtained data can be used to develop an algorithm for the prevention of postpartum complications in cows by using substances with antioxidant properties.

Different selective dry cow therapy concepts compared to blanket antibiotic dry cow treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (06) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Wente ◽  
Jan-Hendrik Paduch ◽  
Doris Klocke ◽  
Elisabeth Mansion-de Vries ◽  
Martina Hoedemaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Test ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Right

SummaryObjective: The aim of the study was to investigate the use of somatic cell count (SCC) and aerobic bacterial counts as possible tools to choose animals for selective dry cow treatment (DCT) on cow level. Blanket antibiotic DCT is an approved and common method in Germany aimed at increasing the cure rate of existing intramammary infections (IMI) at the time of drying off and decreasing the risk of new infections during the dry period. However, not all animals benefit equally from an antibiotic DCT. Moreover, dairies, consumers and politicians demand a reduction in the use of antibiotics in farm animals. Several criteria for identifying animals which would benefit from antibiotic DCT have been described in the literature. Material and methods: Animals chosen for this investigation were divided into three study groups: Aerobic Count Petrifilm® group A (153 cows), SCC group S (160 cows) and control group C (169 cows). All quarters were treated with an internal teat sealant (ITS) no matter which group the cows belonged to. Results: Group C, in which all cows received an antibiotic DCT, achieved the best results referred to udder health, particularly regarding bacteriological dry period cure. However, the results of the two study groups A and S, in which the animals were dried off selectively, were only marginally worse. A significant difference regarding bacterial dry period cure was revealed between group S and group C (p = 0.039), whereas no significant difference concerning new IMI risk could be detected between the three study groups. Compared to a blanket antibiotic DCT of all cows in the corresponding study group, a reduction of the usage of antibiotics of 23.5 % (A) and 55 % (S) was noticed, respectively. Furthermore, it could be shown that the lactation number as well as the microorganisms present at the time of drying off influence udder health. Conclusion: Selective DCT is an alternative method to the widespread blanket antibiotic DCT. However, it has to be mentioned that selective DCT involves the described marginal decline in udder health and the additional amount of time, which might arise from the procedure of choosing the right animals and performing the applied rapid test methods.

Pollen Taphonomy in a Canyon Stream

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Fall
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Pollen Rain ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Turbulent Water

AbstractSurface soil samples from the forested Chuska Mountains to the arid steppe of the Chinle Valley, Northeastern Arizona, show close correlation between modern pollen rain and vegetation. In contrast, modern alluvium is dominated by Pinus pollen throughout the canyon; it reflects neither the surrounding floodplain nor plateau vegetation. Pollen in surface soils is deposited by wind; pollen grains in alluvium are deposited by a stream as sedimentary particles. Clay-size particles correlate significantly with Pinus, Quercus, and Populus pollen. These pollen types settle, as clay does, in slack water. Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthus, Artemisia, other Tubuliflorae, and indeterminate pollen types correlate with sand-size particles, and are deposited by more turbulent water. Fluctuating pollen frequencies in alluvial deposits are related to sedimentology and do not reflect the local or regional vegetation where the sediments were deposited. Alluvial pollen is unreliable for reconstruction of paleoenvironments.

A natural intergeneric hybrid of Gesneriaceae from Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 497 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-96
Author(s):  
ANDRÉA ONOFRE DE ARAUJO ◽  
MAURO PEIXOTO ◽  
CINTIA NEVES DE SOUZA ◽  
EDUARDO CUSTÓDIO GASPARINO ◽  
JULIANA TOLEDO FARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Pollen Data ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

A natural hybrid between Goyazia and Mandirola (Gloxiniinae, Gesneriaceae) from Cerrado (Brazil) is here described, supported by pollen morphology, cytological data and morphological characters. The microsporogenesis of Mandirola hirsuta and that of the hybrid were analyzed in order to evaluate the cytogenetic characteristics. The haploid chromosome numbers observed were n = 12 for M. hirsuta and n = 11, 13, 16 and 26 for the hybrid. Structural abnormalities (monads, dyads, triads and micronuclei) were observed at the final of the hybrid’s meiosis. High viability rates of the pollen were recorded for Goyazia and Mandirola (>90%) and low viability for the hybrid (34.7%). The pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured and photographed for pollen morphology analysis. Quantitative pollen data were analyzed through descriptive and multivariate statistics. The hybrid has intermediate pollen characteristics between G. petraea and M. hirsuta; it is more related to G. petraea by the measures of diameters and ectoapertures; it is more similar to M. hirsuta mainly regarding the microreticulum on the mesocolpium region. The hybrid and Mandirola share vegetative and flower size, while the colors of the hybrid are similar to Goyazia. Pollen morphology, cytological data and morphological characters brought clear evidence for the recognition of the intergeneric hybrid, which we named as Goydirola x punctata.

scholarly journals Airborne pollen observations using a multi-wavelength Raman polarization lidar in Finland: characterization of pure pollen types

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Shang ◽  
Elina Giannakaki ◽  
Stephanie Bohlmann ◽  
Maria Filioglou ◽  
Annika Saarto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Wavelength Dependence ◽  
Depolarization Ratio ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Pine Pollen ◽  
Significant Wavelength ◽  
532 Nm

Abstract. We present a novel algorithm for characterizing the optical properties of pure pollen particles, based on the depolarization values obtained in lidar measurements. The algorithm was first tested and validated through a simulator, and then applied to the lidar observations during a four-month pollen campaign from May to August 2016 at the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) station in Kuopio (62°44′ N, 27°33′ E), in Eastern Finland. Twenty types of pollen were observed and identified from concurrent measurements with Burkard sampler; Birch (Betula), pine (Pinus), spruce (Picea) and nettle (Urtica) pollen were most abundant, contributing more than 90 % of total pollen load, regarding number concentrations. Mean values of lidar-derived optical properties in the pollen layer were retrieved for four intense pollination periods (IPPs). Lidar ratios at both 355 and 532 nm ranged from 55 to 70 sr for all pollen types, without significant wavelength-dependence. Enhanced depolarization ratio was found when there were pollen grains in the atmosphere, and even higher depolarization ratio (with mean values of 25 % or 14 %) was observed with presence of the more non-spherical spruce or pine pollen. The depolarization ratio at 532 nm of pure pollen particles was assessed, resulting to 24 ± 3 % and 36 ± 5 % for birch and pine pollen, respectively. Pollen optical properties at 1064 nm and 355 nm were also estimated. The backscatter-related Ångström exponent between 532 and 1064 nm was assessed as ~ 0.8 (~ 0.5) for pure birch (pine) pollen, thus the longer wavelength would be better choice to trace pollen in the air. The pollen depolarization ratio at 355 nm of 17 % and 30 % were found for birch and pine pollen, respectively. The depolarization values show a wavelength dependence for pollen. This can be the key parameter for pollen detection and characterization.

A study on the pollen morphology of the genus Combretum Loefl. and its taxonomic significance

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Gamal E. B. E.B. El Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Palynological Study

Pollen grains of 92 species (from 99 collections) belonging to the genus Com-bretum (Combretaceae) were examined by Light Microscope (LM) and Scan-ning Electron Microscope (SEM). These species are representatives of vari-ous taxa outlined in the latest taxonomic revision of the genus. The genus belongs to a tropical or subtropical family, frequently encountered in various Quaternary deposits and acts as ecological indicator in various habitats. Pol-len grains of all members of the genus Combretum examined are hetero-colpate (with three simple apertures alternating with three composite ones) and exhibited wide range of inter-specific variation with respect to polar axes (P), Equatorial diameters (E), P/E ratios, shape classes, shape in polar view, costae pori, vestibula, protrusion of endoapertures and exine sculptur-ings. Species delimitation in these nine characters is tabulated. Four shape classes, eight exine sculpturings and seven pollen types were recognized. A key for identification to these pollen types is presented and the species in-cluded in each of these types are also outlined. Previous macro-morphological and molecular classification of the genus were discussed in the light of the present palynological study.

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