scholarly journals Chemical restraint of coatis by the association of Detomidine, Tiletamine and Zolazepam, in allometrically scaled dosages

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
R.O. Kunz ◽  
C. Cardeal ◽  
L.E. Riekher Junior ◽  
L.G.E. Valle ◽  
S.T. Belettini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Chemical Restraint ◽  
Loss Of Righting Reflex ◽  
Righting Reflex ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Living Adult ◽  
Respiratory Movements ◽  
Vital Parameters

ABSTRACT Ten free-living adult coatis (two males and eight females) were chemically restrained with "ZAD-50", a concentrated formulation prepared with the dehydrated content of a Zoletil/50® vial diluted with 0.25mL of 1% atropine, 0.265mL of Dormiun-V®, and 2.2mL of distilled water, being exactly 3.0mL. The formula was administered to each animal previously captured and physically contained with a net. The loss of righting reflex (RR) occurred at 2.3±0.8 minutes post-injection (MPI), with anesthesia beginning at 4.4±2.7 MPI. Myorelaxant and analgesia were considered excellent at all moments of the evaluation. Conscious reactions were observed at 78.7±22.2 MPI, the return of the RR occurred at 101 ± 18 MPI, and normal ambulation was acquired at 137.0±31.0 MPI. The mean values of physiological parameters measured every 10 minutes between 10 and 50 MPI were 152.2 heartbeats per minute for heart rate, 66.4 respiratory movements per minute for respiratory rate, 39.2oC for rectal temperature, 86.2% for SpO2 and 14.6 mmHg for systolic blood pressure. In the same times, the EEG registered sinus rhythm. No adverse reactions were observed, and the assessed vital parameters remained compatible with the state of chemical restraint.

Observations on the use of medetomidine/ketamine and its reversal with atipamezole for chemical restraint in the mouse

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Cruz ◽  
J. M. Loste ◽  
O. H. Burzaco
Keyword(s):  
Male Mice ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Chemical Restraint ◽  
Loss Of Righting Reflex ◽  
Righting Reflex

Ketamine and medetomidine produced chemical restraint for minor procedures in mice. Male mice required 50 mg/kg ketamine, 10 mg/kg medetomidine intraperitoneally (i.p.), and females a higher dose of ketamine (75 mg/kg i.p.). The onset of restraint effects, judged by loss of righting reflex, was more rapid in males than females. The effects were reversed using atipamezole (1–2.5 mg/kg). Recovery following administration of atipamezole was more rapid in males than females. We conclude that ketamine/medetomidine, followed by reversal with atipamezole, is an effective technique for chemical restraint in the mouse.

scholarly journals Estimation of energy expenditure in free-living red deer (Cervus elaphus) with the doubly-labelled water method

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Haggarty ◽  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
J. Ashton ◽  
E. Milne ◽  
C. L. Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Distribution Spaces ◽  
Living Adult

Energy expenditure was estimated using the doubly-labelled water (DLW) method in summer in five free-living adult, non-pregnant, non-lactating, red deer (Cervus elaphus) hinds (weight 107.3 (se 0.9) kg; age 6 (se 1) years) on lowland pasture under typical farming conditions. Climatic conditions were monitored throughout the experiment. Errors due to 2H losses in CH4 and faeces were calculated from previous estimates of stoichiometries. CH4 production, fractionated water loss, urinary N and O2 consumption were estimated using an iterative approach. The water flux (rH2O) in these animals consuming only fresh grass was 12 (se 0.5) kg/d, the CO2 production (rCO2) was 1271 (se 4.0) litres/d and the mean energy expenditure was 25 (se 0.8) MJ/d. There were no significant differences in the isotope distribution spaces and flux rates, rH2O, rCO2 or energy expenditure using the multi-point or two-point approaches to calculation. The DLW-derived energy expenditure of 25 MJ/d is approximately 20% higher than the recommended intake of 21 MJ/d for adult hinds kept outdoors (Adam, 1986) and, at 757 kJ/kg0.75 per d, one third higher than the value of 570 kJ/kg0.75 per d for stags penned indoors (Key et al. 1984).

scholarly journals Hematological and Biochemical Reference Values in Healthy Captive Tigers (Panthera tigris)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3440
Author(s):  
Daniela Proverbio ◽  
Roberta Perego ◽  
Luciana Baggiani ◽  
Giuliano Ravasio ◽  
Daniela Giambellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tiger Population

The tiger (Panthera tigris) is an endangered species. The health of individuals is important and any data on hematological and biochemical blood values can provide valuable information; when combined with physical assessment. This data assists in both the diagnosis of disease and some conservation strategies. The behavior of wild tigers makes it is extremely difficult to obtain biological samples from free-living subjects, therefore, data collected from captive tigers is highly valuable. The aim of this study was to provide additional information for the values of hematological and serum biochemical parameters in healthy captive tigers. Blood samples were collected from 22 clinically healthy tigers (Panthera tigris). The following parameters were analyzed: glucose, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP) and red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) and red cell indices; such as mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell Hb (MCH), mean cell Hb concentration (MCHC), platelet (PLT) and white blood cells (WBCs). The mean hematological values in our tiger population were not significantly different when compared with the same parameters in the previously studied tiger population. The mean values of RBCs and PLT were statistically significantly higher and the mean values of Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and WBC were lower than the mean values obtained in previous studies on the Amur tiger. Further investigation of captive and free-living tigers is needed to identify the normal ranges for parameters in this endangered species.

scholarly journals Anesthetic Effects of Intramuscular Alfaxalone–Ketamine in Naked Mole Rats (Heterocephalus glaber)

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-545
Author(s):  
Neta Ambar ◽  
David Eshar ◽  
Trenton C Shrader ◽  
Hugues Beaufrère
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Heterocephalus Glaber ◽  
Rapid Induction ◽  
Loss Of Righting Reflex ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Righting Reflex ◽  
Withdrawal Reflexes ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Vital Parameters

In this study, adult intact male and female (n = 10) naked mole rats (Heterocephalus glaber) were anesthetized by using a combination of ketamine (20 mg/kg IM), and alfaxalone (4.0 mg/kg IM). Induction and recovery times were recorded. Vital parameters, including heart rate, respiratory rate, and reflexes, were monitored every 5 min during the anesthetic period. Anesthetic induction was smooth and rapid. Induction time was significantly longer in male rats (median, 325 s; range, 180 to 385 s) than in females (median, 145 s; range, 118 to 180 s). In addition, overall duration of loss of righting reflex was shorter in male mole rats (median, 50 min; range, 36 to 65 min) than females (median, 70 min; range, 60 to 85 min). Males largely had intact withdrawal reflexes, whereas females showed variable loss of both forelimb and hindlimb withdrawal reflexes. Neither recovery time (mean ± 1 SD, 16 ± 13 min) nor vital parameters differed between sexes. None of animals showed any anesthesia-related adverse responses. According to these findings, intramuscular AK is a safe and effective protocol that provides brief, light anesthesia in male naked mole rats and deeper anesthesia in females. We recommend adding analgesics when this AK protocol is used for pain-inducing or invasive procedures, and further studies evaluating higher doses and different combinations are indicated.

scholarly journals Anesthetic protocol for videolaparoscopic surgery in rabbits

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosi Pereira Balbinotto ◽  
Manoel Roberto Maciel Trindade ◽  
Fabíola Schons Meyer ◽  
Ana Lucia Letti Muller ◽  
Arlindo da Rosa Jr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Anesthetic Technique ◽  
Intubation Technique ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Surgical Access ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Manual Palpation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Recovery From Anesthesia ◽  
Vital Parameters

PURPOSE: To describe the anesthetic protocol and the intubation technique without visualizing the trachea in rabbits, in order to enable the videolaparoscopic surgical procedure. METHODS: The experiment was performed on 33 female rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), aged from 5 to 7 months. It consisted of general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation by manual palpation of the trachea of the rabbits, without using the laryngoscope, orally, for later videolaparoscopic surgical access to the abdominal cavity. RESULTS: The mean values and standard deviation of vital parameters of the animals were 223.8±15.61 beats per minute for heart rate; 35±9 movements per minute for respiratory rate; 96.94±0.99% of oxymetry and 42.82±4.02 mmHg for capnometry; 16.7±4.3 minutes for pneumoperitoneum (duration of surgery) and 1 hour and 14±8.52 minutes for time of observation (from induction to recovery from anesthesia). All animals were intubated in at most three attempts. No animals were lost after the introduction of this anesthetic technique. CONCLUSION: This protocol proved adequate, safe and easy to perform, on rabbits submitted to videolaparoscopic surgery.

Diaphragm activity during breath holding: factors related to its onset

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Agostoni
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Tonic Activity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Antagonist Muscles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Respiratory Movements ◽  
Diaphragm Activity

The electrical activity of the diaphragm during breath holding has been studied. After a period of no or slight tonic activity a marked discharge is recorded, this is followed by others at a progressively higher rate up to the breaking point. The action of the diaphragm, not balanced by antagonist muscles, causes a fall of the intrathoracic pressure. The period of breath holding, in most subjects, may be divided into two parts: the first, characterized by voluntary inhibition of respiratory muscles activity; the second, by involuntary respiratory efforts. The standard error (se) of alveolar Pco2 values determined at the onset of diaphragm activity in groups of three similar tests is <0.5 mm Hg. Arterial Pco2 in the brain stem at the onset of diaphragm activity has been estimated: breathing O2 the mean values ±se in three subjects were, respectively, 46.2 ± 0.3, 46.4 ± 0.2, and 50.2 ± 0.2. The onset of diaphragm activity seems not affected by neurogenic factors related to lung volume or respiratory movements. An alveolar Pco2 – Po2 curve at the onset of diaphragm activity has been determined.

Articulatory Behavior Pre and Post Full-Mouth Tooth Extraction and Alveoloplasty

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zimmermann ◽  
J.A. Scott Kelso ◽  
Larry Lander
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Normal Speech

High speed cinefluorography was used to track articulatory movements preceding and following full-mouth tooth extraction and alveoloplasty in two subjects. Films also were made of a control subject on two separate days. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of dramatically altering the structural dimensions of the oral cavity on the kinematic parameters of speech. The results showed that the experimental subjects performed differently pre and postoperatively though the changes were in different directions for the two subjects. Differences in both means and variabilities of kinematic parameters were larger between days for the experimental (operated) subjects than for the control subject. The results for the Control subject also showed significant differences in the mean values of kinematic variables between days though these day-to-day differences could not account for the effects found pre- and postoperatively. The results of the kinematic analysis, particularly the finding that transition time was most stable over the experimental conditions for the operated subjects, are used to speculate about the coordination of normal speech.

Comparative Study of Intranasal, Subcutaneous and Intravenous Administration of Desamino-D-Arginine Vasopressin (DDAVP)

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Köhler ◽  
P Hellstern ◽  
C Miyashita ◽  
G von Blohn ◽  
E Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Antigen

SummaryThis study was performed to evaluate the influence of different routes of administration on the efficacy of DDAVP treatment. Ten healthy volunteers received DDAVP intranasally (i.n.), subcutaneously (s.c.) and intravenously (i.v.) in a randomized cross-over trial. Factor XII and high molecular weight (HMW)-kininogen levels increased only slightly after DDAVP administration. The mean increase of factor VIII: C was 3.1 (i. v.), 2.3 (s. c.), and 1.3 (i.n.) - fold over baseline. Ristocetin cofactor (von Willebrand factor antigen) increased 3.1 (2.5), 2.0 (2.3) and 1.2 (1.2) - fold over baseline mean values after i.v., s.c. and i.n. DDAVP, respectively. The half-disappearance time of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF) after DDAVP ranged from five (factor VIII: C) to eight hours (vWF). The mean increase of fibrinolytic activity was more pronounced after i.v. DDAVP. The antidiuretic effect was moderate with no apparent differences between the routes of application. This study provides further evidence that both i.v. and s.c. DDAVP administration result in an appropriate and reliable stimulation of haemostasis. An additional advantage of s. c. administration is its suitability for home treatment.

Comparative Study of effectiveness of mobilization with movement (MWM) and End range mobilization (ERM) techniques in frozen shoulder

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Jeyakumar S ◽  
Jagatheesan Alagesan ◽  
T.S. Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Frozen shoulder is disorder of the connective tissue that limits the normal Range of motion of the shoulder in diabetes, frozen shoulder is thought to be caused by changes to the collagen in the shoulder joint as a result of long term Hypoglycemia. Mobilization is a therapeutic movement of the joint. The goal is to restore normal joint motion and rhythm. The use of mobilization with movement for peripheral joints was developed by mulligan. This technique combines a sustained application of manual technique “gliding” force to the joint with concurrent physiologic motion of joint, either actively or passively. This study aims to find out the effects of mobilization with movement and end range mobilization in frozen shoulder in Type I diabetics. Materials and Methods: 30 subjects both male and female, suffering with shoulder pain and clinically diagnosed with frozen shoulder was recruited for the study and divided into two groups with 15 patients each based on convenient sampling method. Group A patients received mobilization with movement and Group B patients received end range mobilization for three weeks. The outcome measurements were SPADI, Functional hand to back scale, abduction range of motion using goniometer and VAS. Results: The mean values of all parameters showed significant differences in group A as compared to group B in terms of decreased pain, increased abduction range and other outcome measures. Conclusion: Based on the results it has been concluded that treating the type 1 diabetic patient with frozen shoulder, mobilization with movement exercise shows better results than end range mobilization in reducing pain and increase functional activities and mobility in frozen shoulder.

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION RATE IN MAN

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lund-Johansen ◽  
T. Thorsen ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Derivative Method ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A comparison has been made between (A), a relatively simple method for the measurement of aldosterone secretion rate, based on paper chromatography and direct densitometry of the aldosterone spot and (B) a more elaborate isotope derivative method. The mean secretion rate in 9 normal subjects was 112 ± 26 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 135 ± 35 μg per 24 hours (method B). The »secretion rate« in one adrenalectomized subject after the intravenous injection of 250 μg of aldosterone was 230 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 294 μg per 24 hours (method B). There was no significant difference in the mean values, and correlation between the two methods was good (r = 0.80). It is concluded that the densitometric method is suitable for clinical purposes as well as research, being more rapid and less expensive than the isotope derivative method. Method A also measures the urinary excretion of the aldosterone 3-oxo-conjugate, which is of interest in many pathological conditions. The densitometric method is obviously the less sensitive and a prerequisite for its use is an aldosterone secretion of 20—30 μg per 24 hours. Lower values are, however, rare in adults.

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