scholarly journals Use of ammonium chloride to prevent urolithiasis in sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 834-842
Author(s):  
F.C. Navarro ◽  
L.A.T. Bentin ◽  
F. Bovino ◽  
R.S. Baptista ◽  
F.L.F. Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Acidification ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Urate Crystal

ABSTRACT Urolithiasis has a high incidence among confined sheep. It is multifactorial and may cause economic damage. Our aim was to determine the capacity of urinary acidification using ammonium chloride in sheep. Twenty-five 3-month-old male sheep were confined and randomly divided into three groups; the G200 and G500 groups received 200mg/kg/GW and 500mg/kg/GW of ammonium chloride daily for 56 consecutive days, respectively, whereas the CG group did not receive ammonium chloride. Sampling times and clinical evaluation were performed weekly, starting from the 14th day of confinement (M1 or immediately before administering ammonium chloride) until the 17th day (M9) of the feedlot. Hemogasometry, biochemical examination of serum urea and creatinine concentration and ultrasound evaluation of the urinary tract were performed. The urinalysis indicated a higher incidence of ammonium magnesium phosphate crystals at the beginning of the study, showing a migration to urate crystal formation, mainly in the G500 group because of urinary acidification. No hemogasometric, serum biochemistry, ruminal fluid, or ultrasonographic changes were observed. Urinary acidification was achieved and maintained after M7 during the administration of ammonium chloride in the G500 group, but not in the other study groups.

The Significance of Renal Function in Response to Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy – The Piece of a Much Larger Puzzle

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Dębska-Kozłowska ◽  
Izabela Warchoł ◽  
Marcin Książczyk ◽  
Andrzej Lubiński
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Nyha Class ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cardiac Resynchronisation ◽  
Resynchronisation Therapy

Background: Although cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is an important player in the treatment of heart failure (HF) patients, the proportion of CRT patients with no improvement in either echocardiographic or clinical parameters remains consistently high and accounts for about 30% despite meeting CRT implantation criteria. Furthermore, in patients suffering from HF, renal dysfunction accounts for as many as 30-60%. Accordingly, CRT may improve renal function inducing a systemic haemodynamic benefit leading to increased renal blood flow. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the importance of renal function in response to resynchronisation therapy during a 12-month follow-up period. Materials and methods: The study consisted of 46 HF patients qualified for implantation of cardiac resynchronisation therapy defibrillator (CRT-D). A CRT responder is defined as a person without chronic HF exacerbations during observation whose physical efficiency has improved owing to New York Heart Association (NYHA) class improvement ≥1. Results: A statistically significant difference was noted between responders and non-responders regarding creatinine level at the 3rd month (p=0.04) and, particularly, at the 12th month (p=0.02) of follow-up (100±23 vs 139±78 μmol/l). Moreover, there was a remarkable difference between both study groups with regard to GFR CKD-EPI (glomerular filtration rate (GFR) assessed using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula) at the 6th (p=0.03) and 12th month (p=0.01) of follow-up. The reference values for initial creatinine concentrations (101 μmol/l) as well as GFR CKD-EPI (63 ml/min/1.73m2 ) were empirically evaluated to predict favourable therapeutic CRT response. Conclusions: Predictive value of GFR CKD-EPI and creatinine concentration for a positive response to CRT were found relevant.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Spirulina (Arthrospira Platensis) and Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris) on Serum Biochemistry, Immune Response and Antioxidant Status of Rabbits

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Kovács ◽  
Tamás Tuboly ◽  
Miklós Mézes ◽  
Krisztián Balogh ◽  
Zsolt Gerencsér ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Group 3

Abstract Growing rabbits’ (42 rabbits/group, 3 rabbits/cage, 14 cages/treatment) diet was supplemented with 5% Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and 3% thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) powder single (S or T) and in combination (ST) between 35 and 77 days of age. On day 0 (weaning at 35 days of age) 14 rabbits were vaccinated with 100 μg/animal ovalbumin to provoke immune response. Blood samples were taken on days 0, 14, 28 and 42 of the experimental period. Sampling dates significantly influenced total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, urea, creatinine concentration and enzyme (AST, ALT, GGT) activities, with a significant age × diet interaction in the case of TP and CREA. There was a significant increase in ALT (+45 and 74%) and GGT (+87 and 102%) activity after immunisation. While Spirulina and thyme significantly ameliorated the rise in AST activity, their effect was inefficient in the case of GGT. Spirulina, both single and in combination showed a tendency in higher IgG level as compared to control (P<0.05). No significant effect of sampling date or treatment on phagocytic activity or secretory IgA was demonstrable (P>0.05). Higher MDA concentration was measured in the red blood cells of S, T and ST animals, while no other significant diet effect on the antioxidant parameters was detected, however, significant sampling date × diet interaction was found in the case of GPx activity. Plasma GGT (increase by 19-66%) was inversely associated with GSH (decrease by 66-113%) between days 0 to 42 of the experimental period (r=-0.57, P<0.05). It can be concluded that Spirulina supplementation alone resulted in higher IgG production, but none of the phytobiotics, at the dose used, affected significantly the antioxidant status of blood.

scholarly journals Ultrasound evaluation of percutaneously created arteriovenous fistulae between radial artery and perforating vein at the elbow

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-700
Author(s):  
Gilbert Franco ◽  
Alexandros Mallios ◽  
Pierre Bourquelot ◽  
William Jennings ◽  
Benoit Boura
Keyword(s):  
Radial Artery ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Arteriovenous Anastomosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulae ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perforating Vein

Objective: To investigate the hemodynamics of percutaneous arteriovenous fistulae (pAVF) created between the proximal radial artery and the deep communicating vein of the elbow. Methods: Consecutive patients with a percutaneously created proximal radial artery to perforating vein arteriovenous fistulae were evaluated and compared with control patients with clinically well-functioning surgical wrist radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulae (sWRC-AVF). Results: Thirty-one patients with a pAVF (21 males – 68%, mean age: 62 years, range: 53–81), with mean follow-up of 254 days (range: 60–443) and 32 patients with a surgical fistula (20 males – 62%, mean age of 63 years, range: 30–84) were evaluated. Mean access flow and distribution range were similar in the two study groups, with a mean flow of 859 mL/min vs 919 mL/min, respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean radial artery diameter (4 mm vs 4.3 mm, p = 0.2). Statistically significant trends were observed for resistive index (0.57 pAVF vs 0.52 (0.07) and brachial vein cross-sectional area (13 pAVF vs 33 mm2, p = 0.06). The arteriovenous anastomosis area was significantly smaller with pAVFs (13 vs 43 mm2, p = 0.002) and the pressure difference between extremities was less for the pAVF group vs sWRC-AVF (19 vs 27 mm Hg, respectively, p = 0.03). Existence of single cephalic or basilic versus cephalic and basilic outflow did not affect vein maturation or overall flow. Conclusions: pAVF have a favourable hemodynamic profile with many similarities when compared with surgically created wrist fistulae. Cephalic and/or basilic vein matured with only minor outflow shunted to the deep venous system.

scholarly journals Acute respiratory viral diseases: modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
M. L. Derbeneva ◽  
A. L. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Streptococcal Tonsillitis ◽  
Positive Effect

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) are one of the most common reasons patients seek ambulatory care. ARVIs can be caused by more than 200 strains of viruses, among which rhinoviruses remain a leading cause. The article discusses the epidemiological characteristics of ARVI and the economic damage caused by high incidence to the community. The clinical presentation of ARVI is nearly always accompanied by a combination of symptoms such as nasal discharge, nasal congestion, sore throat and cough combined with muscle pain, weakness, fatigue, headache and decreased appetite. Diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infections must be differentiated from influenza, allergic rhinitis, streptococcal tonsillitis, sinusitis and otitis media. Practicing hand hygiene is an effective way to prevent infections. The article discusses possibilities and effectiveness of concomitant adjuvant therapy, including the use of decongestants, topical glucocorticosteroids, nasal irrigation solutions, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol and antitussive drugs. Antibacterial therapy does not have a positive effect on the course of ARVI. A clinical case describing the management of a patient with ARVI is provided.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF ONDANSETRON AND METOCLOPRAMIDE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (07) ◽  
pp. 1197-1202
Author(s):  
Hajra Shuja ◽  
Mehmood Ali Shah ◽  
Sadaf Bokhari
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Trial Setting

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a standard treatment for cholelithiasis. It is a safe and effective treatment in many cases. General anesthesia has a high incidence for PONV. But anti-emetic drugs can help in preventing PONV. Objectives: To compare the efficacy of ondansetron and metoclopramide in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Department of Anaesthesia, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Period: 6 months i.e. from 15-2-2017 to 15-8-2017. Material & Methods: The patients were divided into two groups. Ondansetron was given to group A patients within 15 minutes of induction, and metoclopramide to group B patients within 15 minutes of induction. Then patients were shifted to the ward after surgery and followed-up for 24 hours for assessment of PONV. All the data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age of patients in group A was 38.40±12.07 years and in group B was 42.63±11.77 years. The efficacy achieved in 53 were from group A and 39 were from group B Statistically significant difference was found between the study groups i.e. p-value=0.003. Conclusion: Ondansetron showed significantly better efficacy than metoclopramide in preventing PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia.

Early Detection of Electroencephalogram Temporal Events in Alzheimer's Disease

2017 ◽  
pp. 112-131
Author(s):  
Pedro Miguel Rodrigues ◽  
Diamantino Freitas ◽  
João Paulo Teixeira ◽  
Dílio Alves ◽  
Carolina Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Propagation Time ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Temporal Events ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is considered one of the most debilitating illness in modern societies and the leading cause of dementia. This study is a new approach to detect early AD Electroencephalogram (EEG) temporal events in order to improve early AD diagnosis. For that, Self-Organized Maps (SOM) were used, and it was found that there are sequences of EEG energy variation, characteristic of AD, that appear with high incidence in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients. Those AD events are related to the first cognitive changes in patients that interfered with the normal EEG signal pattern. Moreover, there are significant differences concerning the propagation time of those events between the study groups(p=0.0082<0.05), meaning that, as AD progresses the brain dynamics are progressively affected, what is expected because AD causes brain atrophy.

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