scholarly journals Skull morphometry and vault sutures of Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Tamandua tetradactyla

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila M. de S. Hossotani ◽  
José Ragusa-Netto ◽  
Helder S. e Luna
Keyword(s):  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Cranial Vault ◽  
Skull Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Suture Closure ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Closure Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level 2

ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine the relationship between skull size and the level of cranial vault suture closure. A total of 50 Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 and 178 Tamandua tetradactyla Linnaeus, 1758 skulls were analyzed in relation to 18 skull dimensions. The skulls were grouped into three levels of suture closure: no sutures closed (level 0), one or all the fallowing sutures closed: interfrontalis, sagitalis and coronalis (level 1) and all sutures closed (level 2). The results indicated that among the 18 variables measured, 17 showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) between level 0 and level 1 skulls of T. tetradactyla; as well as between level 0 and level 1, and level 0 and level 2 skulls of M. tridactyla. M. tridactyla level 1 and level 2 had no significant difference among any of the 18 dimensions. The foramen magnum height in both species showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) among any suture categories. In principle, suture closure level and cranial dimensions are related. The specimens with larger cranial dimensions showed greater number of cranial vault sutures closed for both species of anteaters. Tamandua tetradactyla and M. tridactyla specimens with none of the cranial vault suture closed have a foramen magnum height similar to those with cranial vault suture closed.

Conversational humor and job satisfaction at work: exploring the role of humor production, appreciation, and positive affect

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Robert ◽  
Serge P. da Motta Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Humor Appreciation ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level 2

AbstractThis study examined whether everyday conversational humor is related to job satisfaction, and if the relationship is mediated by positive affect. We also explored differences between the roles of humor production and humor appreciation, and tested the cyclical nature of the relationship by examining whether job satisfaction stimulates subsequent humor. Data were obtained through an experience sampling study in which participants completed two brief surveys each day for 10 consecutive workdays (Level 1 n=237–279, Level 2 N=35). Results revealed a positive relationship between humor and job satisfaction that was partially mediated by positive affect, and also indicated that job satisfaction on day

Multilevel Recidivism Prediction

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 840-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyitayo Onifade ◽  
Jodi Petersen ◽  
Timothy S. Bynum ◽  
William S. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Block Group ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Hierarchical Logistic Regression ◽  
Recidivism Prediction ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Neighborhood Typology ◽  
Level 2

Risk assessments such as the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) that predict delinquency outcomes based on proximal risk factors may benefit from an incorporation of distal risk factors in their prediction models. This study utilized a juvenile probationer sample and block group SES data in exploring the differential predictive validity of the YLS/CMI with youth of similar person-centered risk levels from different criminogenic neighborhood types. The study entailed an exploratory factor analysis of block group socioeconomic variables, which were used in a cluster analysis to create criminogenic neighborhood typology system. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship among recidivism (Level 1), risk score (Level 1), neighborhood SES factors (Level 2), and neighborhood types (Level 2). Significant interactions were found across levels among variables, suggesting the risk—recidivism relationship was moderated by neighborhood socioeconomic ecology. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.

Evaluating Fitness-for-Service Assessment Procedures for Pressurized Components Subject to Local Thin Areas Near Structural Discontinuities

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip E. Prueter ◽  
David J. Dewees ◽  
Robert G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Metal Loss ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Current Minimum ◽  
Potential Basis ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Capacity Performance

Current minimum spacing requirements for local thin areas near structural discontinuities in pressurized components are outlined in Part 5 of API 579-1/ASME FFS-1, Fitness-For-Service. For Level 1 and Level 2 assessments, it is recognized that the current spacing criteria can be overly conservative. This paper examines preliminary results from a Materials Properties Council Fitness-For-Service Joint Industry Project that is intended to evaluate the current spacing criteria and develop a potential methodology for new assessment procedures based on computational results. Finite element models are employed to examine the interaction of stresses between local thin areas and stiffening rings and to investigate the relationship between local thin area spacing and pressure capacity. Performance is compared for models with and without areas of local metal loss near stiffening rings to form a potential basis for an improved assessment procedure. Furthermore, a criterion for classifying stiffening rings as major axisymmetric structural discontinuities is proposed.

Isolation gowns as a potential work hazard

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-603
Author(s):  
Abigail Schirmer ◽  
Renard Sessions ◽  
Nikolaus Gravenstein ◽  
Kenneth Rand ◽  
Monika Oli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Surface ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Patient Contact ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microscope Imaging ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Objectives Isolation gowns are used as a barrier to bacterial transmission from patient to provider and vice versa. If an isolation gown is ineffective, the patient and provider have a potential breach of safety and increased infection risk. This study compared the bacterial permeability of differently rated, commonly uses isolation gowns to assess their effectiveness in preventing simulated bacterial transmittance, and thus contamination, from patient to provider. Methods Serial dilutions of Staphylococcus epidermidis in sterile saline were applied to a simulated skin surface. Unrated and Levels 1 through 4 non-sterile isolation gowns contacted the solution, simulating patient contact. Both sides of the contaminated gowns were then cultured on blood agar by rolling a sterile swab across the gown and evenly inoculating the culture plate. Colony counts from inside and outside of the gowns were compared. Separately, S. epidermidis was placed on a sample of each gown and scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the contaminated gowns’ physical structure. Results Mean bacterial transmittance from outside of the gown (i.e. patient contact side) to inside of the gowns (i.e. provider clothing or skin side) based on gown rating was as follows: unrated: 50.4% (SD 9.0%); Level 1: 39.7% (SD 11.2%); Level 2: 16.3% (SD 10.3%); Level 3: 0.3% (SD 0.8%); Level 4: 0.0% (SD 0.0%). Scanning electron microscope imaging of unrated, Level 1, and Level 2 gowns revealed gown pore sizes much larger than the bacteria. The Welch one-way analysis of variance statistic showed significant difference dependent on gown-level rating. Conclusions Unrated, Level 1, and Level 2 isolation gowns do not provide effective bacterial isolation barriers when bacteria like S. epidermidis make contact with one side of the gown material. Not studied, but implied, is that unrated and lower rated isolation gowns would be as or even more physically permeable to virus particles, which are much smaller than bacteria.

Exploration of Pedestrian Assertiveness and Its Association with Driver Yielding Behavior at Uncontrolled Crosswalks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (35) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Razaur Rahman Shaon ◽  
Robert J. Schneider ◽  
Xiao Qin ◽  
Zhaoxiang He ◽  
Aida Sanatizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Yielding Behavior ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level 2

Improving driver yielding to pedestrians at crosswalks may help prevent pedestrian fatalities, which have increased over the last decade in the United States. The level of assertiveness exhibited by pedestrians when they arrive at a crosswalk may have a significant impact on driver yielding behavior, but assertiveness is not defined clearly or studied thoroughly in the literature. This study defined three levels of pedestrian assertiveness and collected naturalistic video data at two uncontrolled crosswalks in Madison and Milwaukee, Wisconsin to explore the relationship between pedestrian assertiveness and driver yielding behavior. Driver yielding rates were 71% for pedestrians exhibiting Level 1 (high), 30% for Level 2 (moderate), and 3% for Level 3 (low) assertiveness. The pedestrian assertiveness definitions were also used to assess the potential impact of a high-visibility enforcement (HVE) program in the communities where the study took place. Observations taken after the HVE program showed a significantly higher rate of driver yielding to pedestrians exhibiting a moderate level of assertiveness. This result is promising, since a moderate level of assertiveness may be reasonable for pedestrians to adopt, especially if supported by educational messages for pedestrians to clearly indicate their intent to cross within a crosswalk. This exploratory study provides a framework for future analysis and highlights the need for additional research on the relationship between pedestrian assertiveness and driver yielding behavior.

scholarly journals A probabilidade de negociação com informação privilegiada no mercado acionário brasileiro

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Orleans Silva Martins ◽  
Edilson Paulo
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Insider Trading ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
Informed Trading ◽  
Common Stocks ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Probability Of Informed Trading ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level 2

This paper aims to investigate the existence of insider trading in the Brazilian stock market. For this, we estimate the probability of informed trading (PIN) of 229 stocks during the years 2010 and 2011, using the model of Easley <i>et al.</i> (2002). In the results, it was found that the average PIN of these stocks was 24.9%, suggesting the existence of informed trading in that period. Considering the segment of corporate governance, the stocks listed on Level 2 had the lowest average PIN (24.4%), while stocks on Level 1 had the highest average (25.6%). Considering the classes of stock, the average PIN of common stocks was 24.2% and the average PIN of preferred stocks was 26.0%, indicating that the stocks with voting rights had lower information asymmetry. Still, it was found that the relationship between greater and lesser liquidity PIN was only confirmed for common stocks with high liquidity.

scholarly journals Income inequalities, social support and depressive symptoms among older adults in Europe: a multilevel cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Sánchez-Moreno ◽  
Lorena P. Gallardo-Peralta
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level 2

AbstractThis study analysed the association between income inequality and depression from a multilevel perspective among older adults in Europe, including an examination of the role of social support. The data came from Eurostat’s European Health Interview Survey (EHIS). Selected participants were aged 65 years or above (n = 68,417) and located in 24 European countries. The outcome variable (depression) was measured using the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). The resulting dataset included individual-level (level-1) and aggregate-level (level 2) exposure variables. Level-1 included income quintiles and social support as exposure variables and sex, age, living alone, limitation in activities of daily living and general activity limitation as control variables. Level 2 included the Gini coefficient, healthcare expenditure and dependency ratio. A multilevel linear regression analysis was performed with maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. All the income quintiles from 1 to 4 showed higher average scores for depression than quintile 5 (the highest). Higher social support scores were associated with lower scores for depression. An interaction was found between income quintile and social support, with higher levels of social support associated with lower scores for depression in quintiles 1 and 2. Higher Gini coefficient scores were associated with higher scores for depression. A significative random slope for social support was also found, meaning that the relationship between social support and depression differed across countries. No significant interaction was found between the Gini coefficient and social support. The study findings suggest that more unequal societies provide a less favourable context for the mental health of older adults. There are also significant country-dependent differences in terms of the relationship between support and mental health among older adults.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Miskonsepsi Peserta Didik Menggunakan Two-Tier Test Berbantuan Certainty Of Response Index

BIODIK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Herfine Fristiansa Firman ◽  
Jujun Ratnasari ◽  
Sistiana Windyariani
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Response Index ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Material Concept

The misconception is a problem in learning and it is very necessary to solve it so that learning is better. Students who are identified with misconceptions on material concepts can make it difficult for them to believe new concepts that are true. The purpose of this study is to identify the existence of misconceptions in students in an ecosystem material concept that they have studied previously. This study uses a descriptive method with a quatitative approach. The research was conducted at Senior High School (SMA) in Sukabumi Regency. The subjects studied were 36 students of class XI MIPA 5. The instrument used was 45 multiple choice questions with the help of the Certainty of Response Index (CRI). The results showed the understanding of students in the percentage of conceptual understanding (PK), understanding the concept of being unsure (PKKY), Misconception (M), and not knowing the concept (TTK) were 20%, 6%, 32%, 42%. The highest misconception percentage at level 1 after testing was at the indicator describing the relationship between ecosystem components (60%), level 2 understanding the pattern of interactions between organisms (53%), and the lowest on indicators showing succession definition (12%). Therefore, misconceptions among students in ecosystem material need to be eliminated by choosing the right method, learning model, and approach. Abstrak. Miskonsepsi merupakan permasalahan di dalam pembelajaran dan sangat perlu dilakukan penyelesaian agar suatu pembelajaran lebih baik. Peserta didik yang teridentifikasi miskonsepsi pada suatu konsep materi dapat membuat mereka sulit dalam mempercayai konsep baru yang benar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi adanya miskonsepsi pada peserta didik dalam suatu konsep materi ekosistem yang telah mereka pelajari sebelumnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian dilakukan di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) yang berada di Kabupaten Sukabumi. Subjek yang di teliti merupakan 36 peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 5. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa 45 soal pilihan ganda beralasan berbantuan Certainty of Respon Index (CRI). Hasil penelitian menunjukan pemahaman peserta didik dalam persentase paham konsep (PK), paham konsep kurang yakin (PKKY), Miskonsepsi (M) dan Tidak tahu konsep (TTK) adalah 20%, 6%, 32%, 42%. Perolehan persentase miskonsepsi tertinggi pada level 1 setelah pengujian berada pada indikator mendeskripsikan hubungan antar komponen ekosistem (60%), level 2 memahami pola interaksi antar organisme (53%) dan terendah pada indikator menunjukan devinisi suksesi (12%). Maka dari itu miskonsepsi pada peserta didik dalam materi ekosistem perlu dihilangkan dengan memilih metode, model pembelajaran dan pendekatan yang tepat.

Multilevel Modeling Methods

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente González-Romá ◽  
Ana Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Work Unit ◽  
Employee Job Satisfaction ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Unit Climate ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level 2

Human behavior takes place in different contexts (e.g., organizations, schools, families, sports teams, and communities) whose properties (e.g., climate, culture, cohesion, leadership, communication networks, and structure) influence human behavior. To estimate this influence, researchers need appropriate methods that avoid the problems associated with the application of standard Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression. Multilevel modeling methods offer researchers a way to estimate the aforementioned influence. These methods take into account that the variables involved reside at different levels. For instance, in the relationship between work unit climate and employee job satisfaction, the former variable resides at the work unit level (level 2) whereas the latter resides at the individual one (level 1). Moreover, multilevel modeling methods also take into account that the data analyzed to estimate this type of relationships have a nested structure in which individuals (e.g., employees) are nested into collectives (e.g., work units). Finally, these methods decompose variance into between-group and within-group components and allow researchers to model variability at the between and within levels. Specifically, multilevel modeling methods allow researchers to test hypotheses that involve, among others: 1. A relationship between a higher-level predictor (e.g., work unit climate) and a lower-level outcome (e.g., employee job satisfaction); a so-called “direct cross-level effect”, and 2. An influence of a higher-level moderator (e.g., work unit climate) on an individual level relationship (e.g., the relationship between employee job stress and job satisfaction); a so-called “cross-level interaction”. Multilevel modeling methods can also be used to test more complex models involving mediation (e.g., 2-2-1, 2-1-1, or 1-1-1 models, depending on whether the antecedent and the mediator are level 1 or level 2 variables) and moderated mediation. We show how to test these models by presenting examples with real data and the corresponding SPSS syntax that readers can use to practice.

scholarly journals A Study on the Relationship of Middle School Students’ Vocabulary Breadth Knowledge and Listening Comprehension

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ting Yang
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
School Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Junior Students ◽  
Level 2

This study took 37 junior students who were from an institution of Nanchong as research objects. In this study, SPSS was used for making quantitative analysis on the collected data, intending to explore the relationship of middle school students’ vocabulary breadth knowledge and listening comprehension. The results show: (1) The current vocabulary breadth level of middle school students accounted for 80.86% of the overall requirements, and their listening comprehension level reached 85.87% of the general requirements, both of which were in an upper level; (2) Students’ vocabulary breadth and listening comprehension level in different gender didn’t have a significant difference; (3) There was a significant positive correlation between middle school students’ vocabulary breadth and listening comprehension. This study has some guiding significance on the listening teaching of primary and secondary schools.

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