scholarly journals Isolation and molecular characterization of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus from the pork production chain in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora D.S. Gobbi ◽  
Maria G. Spindola ◽  
Luisa Z. Moreno ◽  
Carlos E.C. Matajira ◽  
Maria G.X. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Origin ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
True Incidence ◽  
Arcobacter Butzleri ◽  
Meat Markets ◽  
Human Infections

ABSTRACT: Arcobacter is an emerging zoonotic pathogen, and the major transmission routes to humans are the handling or consumption of contaminated raw/undercooked food products of animal origin, water and seafood. The isolation and identification of Arcobacter species are not routine in clinical laboratories; therefore, its true incidence in human infections may be underestimated. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize Arcobacter from carcasses and fecal samples collected at swine slaughterhouses and from meat markets in São Paulo State, Brazil. The isolates were identified using multiplex-PCR to differentiate the species and analyzed by single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (SE-AFLP). Arcobacter spp. were isolated from 73.0% of swine carcasses, 4% of fecal samples and 10% of pork samples. A. butzleri was the most prevalent species identified, followed by A. cryaerophilus. Interestingly, the carcasses presented higher frequency of A. butzleri isolation, whereas only A. cryaerophilus was isolated from fecal samples. SE-AFLP enabled the characterization of A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus into 51 and 63 profiles, respectively. The great genetic heterogeneity observed for both species corroborates previous reports. This study confirms the necessity for a standard isolation protocol and the improvement of molecular tools to further elucidate Arcobacter epidemiology.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolated from a Brazilian pork production chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 109406
Author(s):  
Cibeli Viana ◽  
Juliana Líbero Grossi ◽  
Mallu Jagnow Sereno ◽  
Ricardo Seiti Yamatogi ◽  
Luciano dos Santos Bersot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Chain ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Genotypic Characterization ◽  
Phenotypic And Genotypic Characterization

scholarly journals Non-typhoidal Salmonella in the Pig Production Chain: A Comprehensive Analysis of Its Impact on Human Health

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Campos ◽  
Joana Mourão ◽  
Luísa Peixe ◽  
Patrícia Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Human Infections

Salmonellosis remains one of the most frequent foodborne zoonosis, constituting a worldwide major public health concern. The most frequent sources of human infections are food products of animal origin, being pork meat one of the most relevant. Currently, particular pig food production well-adapted and persistent Salmonella enterica serotypes (e.g., Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:-, Salmonella Derby and Salmonella Rissen) are frequently reported associated with human infections in diverse industrialized countries. The dissemination of those clinically-relevant Salmonella serotypes/clones has been related to the intensification of pig production chain and to an increase in the international trade of pigs and pork meat. Those changes that occurred over the years along the food chain may act as food chain drivers leading to new problems and challenges, compromising the successful control of Salmonella. Among those, the emergence of antibiotic resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella associated with antimicrobials use in the pig production chain is of special concern for public health. The transmission of pig-related multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotypes, clones and/or genetic elements carrying clinically-relevant antibiotic resistance genes, frequently associated with metal tolerance genes, from pigs and pork meat to humans, has been reported and highlights the contribution of different drivers to the antibiotic resistance burden. Gathered data strengthen the need for global mandatory interventions and strategies for effective Salmonella control and surveillance across the pig production chain. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the role of pig and pork meat in human salmonellosis at a global scale, highlighting the main factors contributing to the persistence and dissemination of clinically-relevant pig-related Salmonella serotypes and clones.

scholarly journals Characteristics of virulence, resistance and genetic diversity of strains of Salmonella Infantis isolated from broiler chicken in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Eliane P. Mendonça ◽  
Roberta T. Melo ◽  
Milene R.M. Oliveira ◽  
Guilherme P. Monteiro ◽  
Phelipe A.B.M. Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Human Infections

ABSTRACT: Salmonella Infantis is frequently associated with human infections worldwide and is transmitted by consumption of contaminated foods, particularly those of animal origin, especially the chicken meat. We aimed to evaluate virulence characteristics, antimicrobial resistance and the genetic similarity of 51 strains of S. Infantis isolated from samples of poultry origin. The strains were isolated from 2009 to 2010 in a company with full cycle of broiler’s production in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed and, by PCR, we evaluated the presence of the genes lpfA (hem-adhesion), agfA (hem-biofilm) and sefA (hem-adhesion) and resistance genes to beta-lactams (blaTEM, blaSHV, bla CTX-M and blaAmpC ). The phylogenetic relationship was determined by RAPD-PCR method. Among the drugs tested, the highest percentages of resistance were to amoxicillin (35.3%) and to sulfonamide (15.7%). Eleven antimicrobial resistance patterns were identified (A1 to A11), none of them presented a multiresistance profile (> 3 antimicrobials classes). There was 100% of positivity for the agfA gene, 92.2% for the lpfA gene, and no strain presented the sefA gene. Most of the isolates showed similarities in virulence potential, since they were simultaneously positive for two studied genes, agfA and lpfA (92.2%, 47/51). Of the 18 (35.3%) strains resistant to antimicrobials of the β-lactam class, 10 (55.5%) were positive to blaAmpC gene, five (27.8%) for blaCTX-M , two (11.1%) to blaSHV and no strain presented the blaTEM gene. The phylogenetic evaluation has shown the presence of five clusters (A, B, C, D and E) with similarity greater than 80%, and three distinct strains which were not grouped in any cluster. Cluster B grouped 33 strains, all positive for lpfA and agfA genes, from both, the broiler farming facility and the slaughterhouse, persistent throughout all the study period. This cluster also grouped 18 strains clones with genetic similarity greater than 99%, all isolated in the slaughterhouse. The presence of virulence genes associated with persistent strains clones for a long period, warns to the possibility of S. Infantis to form biofilm, and should be constantly monitored in broilers’ production chain, in order to know the profile of the strains that may contaminate the final product and evaluate the hazards that represents to public health.

The zoonotic potential of bat-borne coronaviruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-381
Author(s):  
Ny Anjara Fifi Ravelomanantsoa ◽  
Sarah Guth ◽  
Angelo Andrianiaina ◽  
Santino Andry ◽  
Anecia Gentles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
Horseshoe Bat ◽  
Human Infections

Seven zoonoses — human infections of animal origin — have emerged from the Coronaviridae family in the past century, including three viruses responsible for significant human mortality (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) in the past twenty years alone. These three viruses, in addition to two older CoV zoonoses (HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63) are believed to be originally derived from wild bat reservoir species. We review the molecular biology of the bat-derived Alpha- and Betacoronavirus genera, highlighting features that contribute to their potential for cross-species emergence, including the use of well-conserved mammalian host cell machinery for cell entry and a unique capacity for adaptation to novel host environments after host switching. The adaptive capacity of coronaviruses largely results from their large genomes, which reduce the risk of deleterious mutational errors and facilitate range-expanding recombination events by offering heightened redundancy in essential genetic material. Large CoV genomes are made possible by the unique proofreading capacity encoded for their RNA-dependent polymerase. We find that bat-borne SARS-related coronaviruses in the subgenus Sarbecovirus, the source clade for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, present a particularly poignant pandemic threat, due to the extraordinary viral genetic diversity represented among several sympatric species of their horseshoe bat hosts. To date, Sarbecovirus surveillance has been almost entirely restricted to China. More vigorous field research efforts tracking the circulation of Sarbecoviruses specifically and Betacoronaviruses more generally is needed across a broader global range if we are to avoid future repeats of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Incidence and molecular characterization of fungi and yeast isolated from cultured catfish and Nile tilapia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Ola Hashem ◽  
Viola Zaki ◽  
Rawia Adawy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Objective: To study the incidence and seasonal dynamics of different fungi affected freshwater fishes in Lake Manzala with molecular identification of the isolated fungi. Animals: 300 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 300 catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Design: Descriptive study. Procedures: Random samples of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) were collected from Manzala fish farms. Clinical and postmortem examination of fish was applied. Isolation and identification of different fungi were performed by conventional methods. Furthermore, the molecular characterization of isolated fungi was carried out. Results: C. gariepinus had a higher rate of infection with different fungal species than O. niloticus. Aspergillus spp. (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) were the most fungal isolated from the examined fishes, followed by Penicillium spp. and Candida albicans. Aspergillus spp were detected in all seasons with a higher rate in summer and spring. A. flavus, A. niger, Penicillium spp. and C.albicans isolates were amplified from both C. gariepinus and O. niloticus at the specified molecular weight using PCR. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Fungal infection affected the fish showing different external and internal lesions, all species of Aspergillus were found in all seasons with a high rate in, hot seasons, summer and spring. The Prevalence of Penicillium and C. albicans were also reported. All fungal isolates were identified on the phenotypic and molecular bases.

scholarly journals Molecular and biological characterization of influenza A viruses isolated from human fecal samples

2021 ◽  
pp. 104972
Author(s):  
Hebah A. Al Khatib ◽  
Peter V. Coyle ◽  
Muna A. Al Maslamani ◽  
Asmaa A. Al Thani ◽  
Sameer A. Pathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Fecal Samples

scholarly journals Extraction Techniques and Analytical Methods for Characterization of Active Compounds in Origanum Species

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4735
Author(s):  
Maša Knez Hrnčič ◽  
Darija Cör ◽  
Jana Simonovska ◽  
Željko Knez ◽  
Zoran Kavrakovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Activity Assessment ◽  
Current Contribution ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Phytochemical research based on ethnopharmacology is gaining interest in industries such as functional food, nutraceuticals, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Plants and plant extracts are a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites. These compounds are often involved in plant protection against biotic or abiotic stresses. The exploitation of available technologies should be oriented and intensified to extend and enhance the continued usefulness of the plants as renewable sources of chemicals, especially medicinal compounds. This current contribution is focused on extraction and analytical techniques for their isolation from the oregano species, their characterization and their potential antioxidative, as well as their antimicrobial, antifungal and anticarcinogenic properties. The work is structured rendering to the different steps involved in the research; starting with extraction and sample preparation, followed by discussing the analytical techniques employed for the isolation and identification of compound/s responsible for the biological activity and methods and techniques for biological activity assessment.

Characterization of Pasteurella spp. Strains Isolated from Human Infections

2004 ◽  
Vol 130 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-Y Donnio ◽  
A.-L Lerestif-Gautier ◽  
J.-L Avril
Keyword(s):  
Human Infections

scholarly journals Development and bacteriological, chemical and sensory characterization of fishburgers made of Tilapia minced meat and surimi

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1389-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C.R.P. Mello ◽  
M.Q. Freitas ◽  
S.C. São Clemente ◽  
R.M. Franco ◽  
E.B. Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
Minced Meat ◽  
Sensory Tests

In this study fishburger samples obtained from tilapia minced meat and surimi retrieved from fillet frames - filleting process waste - have been assessed. Four different preparations of fishburger were made. Chemical analyses was performed for protein, lipids, moisture and ash assessments, as well as bacteriological analyses through mesophilic aerobic heterotrophic and psychrotrophic bacteria counts, isolation and identification of Salmonella spp., coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and fecal coliforms. Instrumental measurements were also carried out for texture and tested sensory acceptance. The costs of the ingredients used in the preparation of formulas were also assessed. Microbiological standards, established by current regulations, were met by all samples. No significant gap (P>0.05) was detected among the percentage of protein, moisture and ashes, while a significant gap (P<0.05) was verified for lipids. A significant gap (P<0.05) for the instrumental measurements of texture was also observed. Both surimi and minced meat fishburger presented good acceptance on sensory tests for taste, texture and overall impression. The use of smoked fish flavoring and surimi caused a considerable increase in costs due to ingredient acquisition. This study shows a positive result for the industrialization and consumption potential of fishburgers made of minced fish retrieved from fillet frames.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Characterization of Chinese Porcine Deltacoronavirus Strain CHN/Tianjin/2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhao ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
Bingxu Qian ◽  
Xiaorong Zhang ◽  
Yantao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Genome Characterization

ABSTRACT As we all know, porcine deltacoronavirus was first detected in Hong Kong, China. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the Chinese porcine deltacoronavirus strain CHN/Tianjin/2016, which was collected and amplified from clinical fecal samples in March of 2016.

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